Ontologies for Education and Learning Design

2011 ◽  
pp. 1278-1282
Author(s):  
Manuel Lama ◽  
Eduardo Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Learning Objectives ◽  
Learning Design ◽  
Dublin Core ◽  
Teaching Resources ◽  
Metadata Standards ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Software Platforms ◽  
Learning Software

In the last years, the growing of the Internet have opened the door to new ways of learning and education methodologies. Furthermore, the appearance of different tools and applications has increased the need for interoperable as well as reusable learning contents, teaching resources and educational tools (Wiley, 2000). Driven by this new environment, several metadata specifications describing learning resources, such as IEEE LOM (LTCS, 2002) or Dublin Core (DCMI, 2004), and learning design processes (Rawlings et al., 2002) have appeared. In this context, the term learning design is used to describe the method that enables learners to achieve learning objectives after a set of activities are carried out using the resources of an environment. From the proposed specifications, the IMS (IMS, 2003) has emerged as the de facto standard that facilitates the representation of any learning design that can be based on a wide range of pedagogical techniques. The metadata specifications are useful solutions to describe educational resources in order to favour the interoperability and reuse between learning software platforms. However, the majority of the metadata standards are just focused on determining the vocabulary to represent the different aspects of the learning process, while the meaning of the metadata elements is usually described in natural language. Although this description is easy to understand for the learning participants, it is not appropriate for software programs designed to process the metadata. To solve this issue, ontologies (Gómez-Pérez, Fernández-López, and Corcho, 2004) could be used to describe formally and explicitly the structure and meaning of the metadata elements; that is, an ontology would semantically describe the metadata concepts. Furthermore, both metadata and ontologies emphasize that its description must be shared (or standardized) for a given community. In this paper, we present a short review of the main ontologies developed in last years in the Education field, focusing on the use that authors have given to the ontologies. As we will show, ontologies solve issues related with the inconsistencies of using natural language descriptions and with the consensous for managing the semantics of a given specification.

Adaptive intelligent learning approach based on visual anti-spam email model for multi-natural language

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 774-792
Author(s):  
Mazin Abed Mohammed ◽  
Dheyaa Ahmed Ibrahim ◽  
Akbal Omran Salman
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language ◽  
Naive Bayes ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Naïve Bayes ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Learning Approach ◽  
Naive Bayes Classifier ◽  
Bayes Classifier ◽  
Naïve Bayes Classifier ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Spam electronic mails (emails) refer to harmful and unwanted commercial emails sent to corporate bodies or individuals to cause harm. Even though such mails are often used for advertising services and products, they sometimes contain links to malware or phishing hosting websites through which private information can be stolen. This study shows how the adaptive intelligent learning approach, based on the visual anti-spam model for multi-natural language, can be used to detect abnormal situations effectively. The application of this approach is for spam filtering. With adaptive intelligent learning, high performance is achieved alongside a low false detection rate. There are three main phases through which the approach functions intelligently to ascertain if an email is legitimate based on the knowledge that has been gathered previously during the course of training. The proposed approach includes two models to identify the phishing emails. The first model has proposed to identify the type of the language. New trainable model based on Naive Bayes classifier has also been proposed. The proposed model is trained on three types of languages (Arabic, English and Chinese) and the trained model has used to identify the language type and use the label for the next model. The second model has been built by using two classes (phishing and normal email for each language) as a training data. The second trained model (Naive Bayes classifier) has been applied to identify the phishing emails as a final decision for the proposed approach. The proposed strategy is implemented using the Java environments and JADE agent platform. The testing of the performance of the AIA learning model involved the use of a dataset that is made up of 2,000 emails, and the results proved the efficiency of the model in accurately detecting and filtering a wide range of spam emails. The results of our study suggest that the Naive Bayes classifier performed ideally when tested on a database that has the biggest estimate (having a general accuracy of 98.4%, false positive rate of 0.08%, and false negative rate of 2.90%). This indicates that our Naive Bayes classifier algorithm will work viably on the off chance, connected to a real-world database, which is more common but not the largest.

scholarly journals Cell Death and Survival Pathways Involving ATM Protein Kinase

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1581
Author(s):  
Toshihiko Aki ◽  
Koichi Uemura
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Genotoxic Stress ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Cellular Protection ◽  
Cellular Survival ◽  
Cell Death Pathways ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Atm Protein

Cell death is the ultimate form of cellular dysfunction, and is induced by a wide range of stresses including genotoxic stresses. During genotoxic stress, two opposite cellular reactions, cellular protection through DNA repair and elimination of damaged cells by the induction of cell death, can occur in both separate and simultaneous manners. ATM (ataxia telangiectasia mutated) kinase (hereafter referred to as ATM) is a protein kinase that plays central roles in the induction of cell death during genotoxic stresses. It has long been considered that ATM mediates DNA damage-induced cell death through inducing apoptosis. However, recent research progress in cell death modality is now revealing ATM-dependent cell death pathways that consist of not only apoptosis but also necroptosis, ferroptosis, and dysfunction of autophagy, a cellular survival mechanism. In this short review, we intend to provide a brief outline of cell death mechanisms in which ATM is involved, with emphasis on pathways other than apoptosis.

scholarly journals Application of natural language processing methods to extract coded data from administrative data held in the Scottish Prescribing Information System

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Clifford Nangle ◽  
Stuart McTaggart ◽  
Margaret MacLeod ◽  
Jackie Caldwell ◽  
Marion Bennie
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Natural Language Processing ◽  
Natural Language ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Drug Exposure ◽  
Drug Dose ◽  
Free Text ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Prescribing Information

ABSTRACT ObjectivesThe Prescribing Information System (PIS) datamart, hosted by NHS National Services Scotland receives around 90 million electronic prescription messages per year from GP practices across Scotland. Prescription messages contain information including drug name, quantity and strength stored as coded, machine readable, data while prescription dose instructions are unstructured free text and difficult to interpret and analyse in volume. The aim, using Natural Language Processing (NLP), was to extract drug dose amount, unit and frequency metadata from freely typed text in dose instructions to support calculating the intended number of days’ treatment. This then allows comparison with actual prescription frequency, treatment adherence and the impact upon prescribing safety and effectiveness. ApproachAn NLP algorithm was developed using the Ciao implementation of Prolog to extract dose amount, unit and frequency metadata from dose instructions held in the PIS datamart for drugs used in the treatment of gastrointestinal, cardiovascular and respiratory disease. Accuracy estimates were obtained by randomly sampling 0.1% of the distinct dose instructions from source records, comparing these with metadata extracted by the algorithm and an iterative approach was used to modify the algorithm to increase accuracy and coverage. ResultsThe NLP algorithm was applied to 39,943,465 prescription instructions issued in 2014, consisting of 575,340 distinct dose instructions. For drugs used in the gastrointestinal, cardiovascular and respiratory systems (i.e. chapters 1, 2 and 3 of the British National Formulary (BNF)) the NLP algorithm successfully extracted drug dose amount, unit and frequency metadata from 95.1%, 98.5% and 97.4% of prescriptions respectively. However, instructions containing terms such as ‘as directed’ or ‘as required’ reduce the usability of the metadata by making it difficult to calculate the total dose intended for a specific time period as 7.9%, 0.9% and 27.9% of dose instructions contained terms meaning ‘as required’ while 3.2%, 3.7% and 4.0% contained terms meaning ‘as directed’, for drugs used in BNF chapters 1, 2 and 3 respectively. ConclusionThe NLP algorithm developed can extract dose, unit and frequency metadata from text found in prescriptions issued to treat a wide range of conditions and this information may be used to support calculating treatment durations, medicines adherence and cumulative drug exposure. The presence of terms such as ‘as required’ and ‘as directed’ has a negative impact on the usability of the metadata and further work is required to determine the level of impact this has on calculating treatment durations and cumulative drug exposure.

The Concept of Metadata for Digital Information Resources with Special Reference to Dublin Core (DC)

2013 ◽  
pp. 160-170
Author(s):  
Sunil Tyagi
Keyword(s):  
Resource Discovery ◽  
Information Resources ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Electronic Information ◽  
Electronic Resources ◽  
Dublin Core ◽  
Metadata Standard ◽  
Electronic Information Resources ◽  
Metadata Standards ◽  
Almost All

This chapter defines metadata, their types, creation, and some of the important functions. It enumerates an overview of the basic elements of the Dublin Core Metadata standard, and other metadata standards are also mentioned. The problem has been studied based on the information available in the open literature. As electronic information resources are rising and digital library initiatives are gaining wide acceptance, knowledge of metadata formats will help our library professionals in adapting their skills in cataloguing, classification, subject heading, key wording, and indexing for better inventory and exhaustive usage of electronic information. Metadata serves three general purposes. It supports resource discovery and locates the actual digital resource by inclusion of a digital identifier. As the number of electronic resources grows, metadata is used to create aggregate sites, bringing similar resources together and distinguishing dissimilar resources. The World Wide Web has created a revolution in the accessibility of digital information resources. Metadata is key to ensuring that resources will survive and continue to be accessible into the future. It can be embedded in a digital object or it can be stored separately like library catalogues. The Dublin Core (DC) is the most popular and widely accepted standard proposed to describe almost all categories of networked electronic resources.

Reconfigurable Virtual Instrumentation Based on FPGA for Science and High-Education

2016 ◽  
pp. 99-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Liz Crespo ◽  
Andres Cicuttin ◽  
Julio Daniel Dondo Gazzano ◽  
Fernando Rincon Calle
Keyword(s):  
High Education ◽  
Theoretical Physics ◽  
Virtual Instrumentation ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Software Platforms ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Electronic Instrumentation ◽  
Technical Challenges ◽  
The Right

In this chapter we will show how modern FPGA offers the possibility of implementing Reconfigurable Virtual Instrumentation, a new kind of electronic instrumentation which generates interesting opportunities for regular users but that also poses several technical challenges for advanced users and instrument developers. We will analyze some of the main problems and we will give some ideas and possible strategies to deal with them. In order to put the subject in the right context we will review some general concepts regarding instrumentation in general and we later proceed with some more specific concepts and definitions. The chapter also describes two hardware/software platforms for science and high-education developed at the International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) where the concept of RVI proposed in this chapter was applied. Although we mainly adopt a scientist's prospective to define and analyze instrumentation, most of the conclusions drawn along this chapter can be easily generalized for a wide range of applications in commercial or industrial sectors.

scholarly journals Effects of Curcumin on Vessel Formation Insight into the Pro- and Antiangiogenesis of Curcumin

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting-ye Wang ◽  
Jia-xu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Dual Effect ◽  
Scientific Databases ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Insight Into

Curcumin is a compound extracted from the Curcuma longa L, which possesses a wide range of pharmacological effects. However, few studies have collected scientific evidence on its dual effect on angiogenesis. The present review gathered the fragmented information available in the literature to discuss the dual effect and possible mechanisms of curcumin on angiogenesis. Available information concerning the effect of curcumin on angiogenesis is compiled from scientific databases, including PubMed and Web of Science using the key term (curcumin and angiogenesis). The results were reviewed to identify relevant articles. Related literature demonstrated that curcumin has antiangiogenesis effect via regulating multiple factors, including proangiogenesis factor VEGF, MMPs, and FGF, both in vivo and in vitro, and could promote angiogenesis under certain circumstances via these factors. This paper provided a short review on bidirectional action of curcumin, which should be useful for further study and application of this compound that require further studies.

scholarly journals Tile2Vec: Unsupervised Representation Learning for Spatially Distributed Data

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 3967-3974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neal Jean ◽  
Sherrie Wang ◽  
Anshul Samar ◽  
George Azzari ◽  
David Lobell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Representation Learning ◽  
Distributed Data ◽  
Simple Arithmetic ◽  
Latent Space ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Spatially Distributed ◽  
Vector Representations ◽  
Spatially Distributed Data

Geospatial analysis lacks methods like the word vector representations and pre-trained networks that significantly boost performance across a wide range of natural language and computer vision tasks. To fill this gap, we introduce Tile2Vec, an unsupervised representation learning algorithm that extends the distributional hypothesis from natural language — words appearing in similar contexts tend to have similar meanings — to spatially distributed data. We demonstrate empirically that Tile2Vec learns semantically meaningful representations for both image and non-image datasets. Our learned representations significantly improve performance in downstream classification tasks and, similarly to word vectors, allow visual analogies to be obtained via simple arithmetic in the latent space.

Industry-Academic Partnerships in Information Systems Education

2011 ◽  
pp. 264-278
Author(s):  
Mark Conway
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Academic Programs ◽  
Learning Objectives ◽  
Mutual Understanding ◽  
Teaching Resources ◽  
New Employees ◽  
Academic Partnerships ◽  
The University ◽  
Stable Learning ◽  
Incoming Students

Several thousand universities worldwide participate in industry-academic partnerships as a way to expose their students to “real-world” issues and technologies and to provide them skills that will facilitate their transition from the university to the workplace. This chapter highlights several of the leading IT-focused, industry-academic programs such as Hyperion’s Academic Alliance Program, the Teradata University Network, and SAP’s University Alliance Program; and references similar initiatives from Cisco, SUN, and IBM. The focus of the chapter is from an industry practioner’s perspective; it covers what motivates companies to launch these types of programs, what the programs’ goals are, and what benefits accrue to the participating company and university. Information systems and technology (IS&T) are evolving so quickly that universities are continually challenged to keep abreast of the latest developments to ensure that their curricula and programs are current. On one hand, IT programs are pressured by various stakeholders—deans, incoming students, parents, businesses recruiting on campus, and so forth—to keep their programs current and relevant to these constituents’ needs. On the other hand, faculty and IT programs cannot chase the latest fads and each new innovation, if they are to offer a stable learning environment. The significant costs—in terms of time, training, technical support, curriculum revisions, and so forth—involved in deploying commercial software in an academic setting makes selecting which partnerships to pursue an important and far-reaching decision. The benefits can be significant, but the faculty need to understand up front, the expectations and level of commitment needed to make these kinds of collaborations successful. By gaining a better understanding of how industry views these programs, academics will be better able to assess these alliances and determine which best support and align with their programs’ goals and learning objectives. Developing students who can join companies as new employees and IT leaders and quickly contribute to a firm’s success is something that both universities and businesses strive for. But, it requires a mutual understanding of the skills that will be needed, vehicles for developing those skills within the students, and a buy-in from faculty to develop the necessary curriculum and teaching resources. This chapter contends that successfully managed industry-academic partnerships can be a vehicle for developing these capabilities, while enriching learning opportunities for students.

Enabling Scholarship of Teaching and Learning Activities Across a Curriculum Design Framework

2020 ◽  
pp. 347-364
Author(s):  
Deanna Meth ◽  
Holly R. Russell ◽  
Rachel Fitzgerald ◽  
Henk Huijser
Keyword(s):  
Curriculum Design ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Academic Staff ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Learning Activities ◽  
Design Studio ◽  
Learning Design ◽  
Scholarship Of Teaching ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Curriculum Framework

This chapter outlines the multiple ways in which Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL) activities might be activated and/or realized through the processes of curriculum and learning design of a degree program. Key dual enablers for these activities are an underpinning curriculum framework, bringing a series of defined developmental steps each underpinned by SoTL, and the Curriculum Design Studio construct as a vehicle for collaborative ways of working between staff, including academics and curriculum designers and students. Drawing on evidence from the practices of four curriculum designers, examples are presented across a wide range of disciplinary areas. In many instances, SoTL not only brings an evidence base to the work, but also the potential for research outputs, thus becoming a useful lever for academic staff to engage in ongoing curriculum design discussions and evidence-informed practice. Such activities serve to mitigate against acknowledged challenges faced by academics such as lack of adequate time for such activities and the pressure to produce research outputs.

scholarly journals ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL OF PIPERIDINE CONTAINING COMPOUNDS-A SHORT REVIEW

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Manjusha R K ◽  
Shaheen Begum ◽  
Arifa Begum ◽  
Bharathi K
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Heterocyclic Ring ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Antioxidant Profile ◽  
Antioxidant Agents ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Privileged Scaffold ◽  
Candidate Molecule

Piperidine is a saturated heterocyclic ring, considered as a privileged scaffold in view of its role in wide range of biological activities. Piperidine is good candidate molecule for obtaining potent antioxidant agents. The planar nature of this heterocyclic nucleus allows the introduction of substituent groups at different positions on the ring. In the present review, the antioxidant profile of piperidine containing compounds has been focused. The compounds were classified into naturally occurring piperidines, unsaturated piperidines, N-substituted piperidines, piperamides, piperanols, piperidine oximes, and hydrazides.

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