Interdisciplinary Interaction for the Early Stages of Product and Service Development

2011 ◽  
pp. 39-57
Author(s):  
Mirja Kälviäinen
Keyword(s):  
Applied Sciences ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Service Development ◽  
Problem Space ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
The North ◽  
Process Support ◽  
Front End ◽  
Analytical Thinking ◽  
Interdisciplinary Interaction

Saturated markets require user value through services and mass customised differentiation instead of mere products. This increases the significance of integrated innovation in the early stages of complex value offerings. Front end development combines the multidisciplinary professional perspectives and user insight in a cost effective way. Truly interdisciplinary interaction is reached through intrinsic motivation, shared goals and understanding. Experience for structuring the multidisciplinary front end innovation comes from the INNOstudio® concept created by the D’ART Design Resource Centre in the North Karelia University of Applied Sciences. This concept is about service and methods facilitating innovation sessions. Process support for communication, exploration, problem space definition and further development is provided by moving from abstract thinking into external observables – scenarios, sketches, or models. Innovative value concepts require both divergent, generative thinking and convergent, analytical thinking. Diverse methods support generative ideation, exploring future opportunities and user relevance or analysing the problem space.

scholarly journals Trace Detection of Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate Using Electrochemical Gas Sensors

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Praveen K. Sekhar ◽  
Jie Zhou ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
Eric R. Hamblin
Keyword(s):  
Gas Sensors ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate ◽  
Screening System ◽  
Trace Detection ◽  
False Negatives ◽  
Quantitative Measurements ◽  
Front End ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Single Sensor

Selective and sensitive detection of trace amounts of pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) is demonstrated. The screening system is based on a sampling/concentrator front end and electrochemical potentiometric gas sensor as the detector. A single sensor is operated in the dominant hydrocarbon (HC) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) mode by varying the sensor operating condition. The potentiometric sensor with integrated heaters was used to capture the signature of PETN. Quantitative measurements based on hydrocarbon and nitrogen oxide sensor responses indicated that the detector sensitivity scaled proportionally with the mass of the explosives (10 μg down to 200 ng). The ratio of the HC integrated peak area to the NOxintegrated peak area is identified as an indicator of selectivity. The HC/NOxratio is unique for PETN and has a range from 1.7 to 2.7. This detection technique has the potential to become an orthogonal technique to the existing explosive screening technologies for reducing the number of false positives/false negatives in a cost-effective manner.

A Generic, Scalable, and Cost-Effective Detector Front-End Block for PET

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salar Sajedi ◽  
Navid Zeraatkar ◽  
Mohsen Taheri ◽  
Sanaz Kaviani ◽  
Hadi Khanmohammadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Front End

scholarly journals Awareness of the cost of psychotropic medication among doctors: a service evaluation

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (9) ◽  
pp. 364-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhananjay Kumar Singh ◽  
Shakil Khawaja ◽  
Ishaq Pala ◽  
Jaleel Khaja ◽  
Ray Krishnanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Service Evaluation ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Old Age Psychiatry ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Aims and methodCost-effective prescribing is an increasingly important aspect of our practice. A service evaluation was carried out to assess the level of awareness and knowledge of different aspects of cost-effective prescribing among doctors working in the North East London Foundation Trust. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to benchmark knowledge against six standards.ResultsThe survey was completed by 71% of doctors working in adult or old age psychiatry. A total of 2% of doctors stated that they should always take into consideration the price of the drug when prescribing and only 5% of doctors claimed to know the price of medications they prescribe most frequently.Clinical implicationsStrategies to improve the poor level of knowledge and awareness in this area of clinical practice would be of benefit in making the best use of limited financial resources without any detriment to patient care.

scholarly journals Investigating post-breeding moult locations and diets of Common Guillemots (Uria aalge) in the North Sea using stable isotope analyses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alec P. Christie
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Uria Aalge ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Stable Isotope Analyses ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Isotope Analyses

AbstractSeabird movements and diet during the non-breeding season are poorly studied, yet understanding these aspects of seabird ecology is extremely important to effectively conserve these protected species. Stable isotope analyses (SIA) provide a cost-effective solution to filling these knowledge gaps, yielding information on diet and foraging locations of animals. This study aimed to use SIA to investigate whether Common Guillemots (Uria aalge) from different age classes and locations in the UK had contrasting diets and foraging areas during the post-breeding moult (July-September). SIA of secondary feathers and a newly-developed North Sea isoscape were used to identify the likeliest foraging areas and diets of deceased guillemots recovered from beaches in eastern Scotland and mixed fisheries in Cornwall and the Celtic Sea. Overall, guillemots foraged widely in the western, eastern and southern North Sea, consuming a variety of clupeid, gadoid and invertebrate prey. There were negligible dietary differences between age classes and birds from different recovery locations. Juveniles showed a wider range in foraging areas, but both age classes foraged in similar parts of the North Sea. Guillemots recovered from Scotland may have foraged further north, only overlapping with guillemots recovered from the southwestern UK in the southern and eastern North Sea. Their winter recovery locations also implied that they exhibited different movement strategies during the non-breeding season, meriting further investigation. Conservation efforts should target foraging areas in the southern and eastern North Sea which are highly threatened by gillnet fishing, shipping traffic and oil infrastructure.

Il costo dell'Alta Velocitŕ ferroviaria in Italia

2009 ◽  
pp. 203-251
Author(s):  
Claudio Virno
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Cost Estimation ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
High Speed Rail ◽  
Cost Overruns ◽  
Front End ◽  
Complex Projects

- Cost overruns are common in large and complex projects, especially in high speed rail ones. Budgeting for cost escalation is a major issue in the planning phase of these projects. This paper describes lessons learned on high speed rail in Italy and focuses on problems such as initial poor design, tactical budgeting, inadequate cost estimation and risk assessment, etc. The paper discusses possible means to avoid major flaws in the initial conceptual design of mega-projects. There is a growing understanding of the need to focus on the front-end phase in order to achieve more successful and cost-effective projects.

Harvest of Briars

2019 ◽  
pp. 121-158
Author(s):  
A. Wess Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Habsburg Monarchy ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
Third Phase

This chapter examines the competition with the Ottoman Empire and Russia, from the reconquest of Hungary to Joseph II’s final Turkish war. On its southern and eastern frontiers, the Habsburg Monarchy contended with two large land empires: a decaying Ottoman Empire, and a rising Russia determined to extend its influence on the Black Sea littorals and Balkan Peninsula. In balancing these forces, Austria faced two interrelated dangers: the possibility of Russia filling Ottoman power vacuums that Austria itself could not fill, and the potential for crises here, if improperly managed, to fetter Austria’s options for handling graver threats in the west. In dealing with these challenges, Austria deployed a range of tools over the course of the eighteenth century. In the first phase (1690s–1730s), it deployed mobile field armies to alleviate Turkish pressure on the Habsburg heartland before the arrival of significant Russian influence. In the second phase (1740s–70s), Austria used appeasement and militarized borders to ensure quiet in the south while focusing on the life-or-death struggles with Frederick the Great. In the third phase (1770s–90s), it used alliances of restraint to check and keep pace with Russian expansion, and recruit its help in comanaging problems to the north. Together, these techniques provided for a slow but largely effective recessional, in which the House of Austria used cost-effective methods to manage Turkish decline and avoid collisions that would have complicated its more important western struggles.

Innovative method for gathering river stage data using only the sound of the water

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Alexander Osborne ◽  
Rebecca Hodge ◽  
Gordon Love ◽  
Peter Hawkin ◽  
Ruth Hawkin
Keyword(s):  
Winter Season ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
River Bank ◽  
Power Efficient ◽  
River Flooding ◽  
River Stage ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Environment Agency

<p>Splosh, gurgle, burble are all terms that can be used to describe how a river sounds as we stand on the bank. We have developed a new approach that uses the passive sound generated by a river, to gauge the current stage of the river, and generate (sono)hydrographs from the safety of the river bank. Our approach offers a cost-effective, power-efficient and flexible means to install flood monitors. We have developed a method of how to take the sound from around a river and translate it into a useful gauging tool without the need to listen to individual recordings. Using an internet of things approach we have developed a system of sound monitors that can be placed anywhere in the vicinity of a river. We aim to target the lesser studied parts of a river catchment, the headwaters, which are often data scarce environments. These environments are an opportunity to identify the real time responses of sub-catchments. The ultimate goal of our research is to enable community level flood monitoring, in areas that may be susceptible to river flooding, but are not yet actively gauged.</p><p> </p><p>We hypothesise that the sound generated by a river is a direct response to the obstacles found within the channel and the turbulence they cause. Sound is generated by the increase of energy available in the channel, being transformed into sound energy through turbulence generating structures, i.e. boulders. Data gathered over a winter season from several rivers in the North East of England, during Storm Ciara and Dennis, has shown sound to be a reliable method for determining rapid changes in river stage and is comparable to what the official Environment Agency gauges measured. Through an innovative approach, we have begun to understand the limits on sound data and the calibration of sound to the channel properties. Utilising a 7.5 m wide flume at a white water course we have recreated controlled environments and simulated different discharges and their effect on sound.</p><p> </p><p>Overall, we have found that sound is an opportunity to be taken to measure river stage in areas that are seldom studied. We have identified that sound works during extreme conditions, and being placed on the banks of the channel our monitors have a lower risk of being damaged during storm events and are easy and safe to install. We present the first means of using sound from a river to actively gauge a river and the full workflow from collection, analysis and dissemination of results.</p>

Service-Driven Approaches to Software Architecture

2013 ◽  
pp. 1-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raja Ramanathan
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Software Architecture ◽  
Design Patterns ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Service Development ◽  
Loosely Coupled ◽  
Software Applications ◽  
Enterprise Mashups ◽  
Value Add ◽  
Extensible Software

Software Architecture has evolved from simple monolithic system designs to complex, multi-tiered, distributed, and componentized abstractions. Service-driven architectural approaches have been a major driver for enabling agile, cost-effective, flexible, and extensible software applications and integration solutions that support the business dynamics of today’s fast-paced enterprises. SOA and the SCA model have been the typical Service-driven architectural approaches used in enterprises today, to tackle the challenges of developing and implementing agile and loosely coupled software and enterprise integration solutions. Recent trends involve the use of Web APIs and RESTful architecture in the enterprise for agile service development and application integration. The goal of this chapter is to explore, discuss, and recommend methodologies for Service-driven Computing in the enterprise. Service versioning is detailed as a primary architectural approach for accommodating modifications to services during their life cycle. Service Mediation, Enterprise Service Bus, and Composition mechanisms including Enterprise Mashups are explored. The chapter also presents the business value of APIs in the enterprise and investigates the value-add to Social Media and Cloud enterprise initiatives. The typical phases of a Service-driven development life cycle are explained and service design patterns to facilitate the engineering of flexible service-based applications are described. The chapter concludes with thoughts on future opportunities and challenges in the area of Service-driven computing.

Integration of a K-Band Receiver Front-End Using a Copper Core Printed Circuit Board

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (1) ◽  
pp. 000384-000388
Author(s):  
Brian Curran ◽  
Jacob Reyes ◽  
Christian Tschoban ◽  
Ivan Ndip ◽  
Klaus-Dieter Lang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Antenna Arrays ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Printed Circuit Board ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Front End ◽  
High Bandwidth ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
K Band

Abstract Increasing demand for high bandwidth wireless satellite connections and telecommunications has resulted in interest in steerable antenna arrays in the GHz frequency range. These applications require cost-effective integration technologies for high frequency and high power integrated circuits (ICs) using GaAs, for example. In this paper, an integration platform is proposed, that enables GaAs ICs to be directly placed on a copper core inside cavities of a high frequency laminate for optimal cooling purposes. The platform is used to integrate a K-Band receiver front-end, composed of four GaAs ICs, with linear IF output power for input powers above −40dBm and a temperature of 42°C during operation.

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