Confronting Freedom to Inform With Freedom of Expression

2021 ◽  
pp. 269-296
Author(s):  
Gifty Appiah-Adjei
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Methods ◽  
Feminist Theory ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Free Expression ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Journalists ◽  
The Media ◽  
Depth Interviews

Globally, there is an increase in online attacks on journalists with gender dimensions to these attacks. Also, it is established that digital innovations have augmented free expression and the augmentation allows means for online attacks. Though evidence submits that studies on the problem of online attacks on journalists abound, there is dearth of such studies in Ghana and this chapter attempts to fill this gap. Using the feminist theory, this chapter explores the types and sources of online attacks on male and female journalists in Ghana and investigates whether an increase in free expression is a contributing factor to the problem. To achieve this aim, the study employs qualitative methods of in-depth interviews and document reviews and offers a thematic analysis of the qualitative data to understand the lived experiences of Ghanaian journalists. Findings revealed that journalists frequently experience psychological and sexist online attacks when perpetrators express their views on unfavourable coverage from the media.

Online Harassment of Female Journalists in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
pp. 143-166
Author(s):  
Priyanka Kundu ◽  
Md. Mahbubul Haque Bhuiyan
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Feminist Theory ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Asian Country ◽  
Online News ◽  
Semiotic Analysis ◽  
Online Harassment ◽  
Female Journalists ◽  
The World ◽  
Depth Interviews

The online harassment of female journalists is a rising concern around the world and also in South Asia. Bangladesh, a South Asian country, recently, has experienced an increasing number of harassments against female journalists online. Various studies explored the online harassment, mostly from the Western perspectives. Scholars have argued that the online harassments may negatively affect the freedom of expression. But little is known about Bangladesh. Drawing upon feminist theory, this study investigated the experiences of online journalists in Bangladesh. The objectives were to explore the nature and forms of online harassment and to find how this experiences of harassments affect the freedom of expression of the victims. Data were collected through content analysis, semiotic analysis of the uncivil comments available in the online news feedback and in-depth interviews. Results of the study indicate that online harassment is a frequent phenomenon where the victim journalists feel vulnerable in the ‘unsafe' online ‘patriarchal' environment.

Conflict and interest between journalists and politicians in Iraq in the age of media entrepreneurship

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Omar Bali
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Dark Side ◽  
Smartphone Applications ◽  
Traditional Media ◽  
Media Space ◽  
The Media ◽  
Depth Interviews

This study examines the ethical conflict of interest that exists in this sphere between journalists and politicians in an age of media entrepreneurship in Iraq, which theoretically would enable journalists to express their own voices and hold a greater stake in the media market. A qualitative method was adopted for this study using open, in-depth interviews with 36 participants. The study found that relative freedom, smartphone applications and social media helped innovative Iraqi journalists to become media entrepreneurs and own media enterprises themselves. These media enterprises are characterized by activities such as publishing material that is critical in tone and satirical in content and accompanied by short videos that are broadcast on social media. This is then easily accessible for media consumers using their smartphones. Media enterprises appear to offer journalists an opportunity for professional and financial independence, but their operation in the Iraqi media space tends to reflect the propagandistic function of traditional media outlets instead of fulfilling this emancipatory role. The findings also showed that there is a dark side to Iraqi digital media enterprise, which involves politicians exploiting journalists to troll and attack activists through anonymous digital media. This in turn harms the freedom of expression and suppresses critical views voice against the political establishment.

Negotiating the Maximum-Security Offender Identity: Experiences From Incarcerated Women

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 691-707
Author(s):  
Sibulelo Qhogwana
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
No Value ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Incarcerated Women ◽  
The Other ◽  
Restricted Movement ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
Maximum Security ◽  
Depth Interviews

The representation of women classified as maximum-security offenders continues to be a challenge due to paucity of research regarding their experiences. Generally, their stories are masked under the experiences of the other categories of incarcerated women. Drawing from a larger study conducted with incarcerated women in a South African correctional centre in Johannesburg, in this article I provide a thematic analysis of in-depth interviews on the lived experiences of negotiating the maximum-security offender identity by 13 women. The results suggest that the maximum-security offender identity is associated with rejection, dehumanisation, denial of agency, restricted movement, and labelling. The article also highlights the significance of providing agency to incarcerated women in deconstructing stereotypes that represent them as angry and uneducated with no value to society. A more balanced repositioning of their stories emerges as they get an opportunity to construct their own experiences.

scholarly journals Broadcast Media, Regulation and Freedom of Expression in Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol VI (I) ◽  
pp. 54-62
Author(s):  
Yasir Aleem ◽  
Muhammad Arif Saeed ◽  
Muhammad Umar Farooq
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Methods ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Short Article ◽  
Broadcast Media ◽  
Media Regulation ◽  
Depth Interviews

Regulation is an important aspect of the freedom of expression of broadcast media. However, in Pakistan, it is purported that broadcast media is heavily regulated, and there is very little space for freedom of expression on broadcast media. This short article examines this contention of heavy regulation by analyzing the regulatory system of broadcast media in Pakistan. The doctrinal legal research method is applied in this study. The socio-legal research method is also adopted to support the doctrinal legal research method. Under socio-legal methods, the qualitative methods of in-depth interviews are adopted. This article finds, among others, that there are numerous issues annexed with the regulation of broadcast media in Pakistan. These issues have seriously affected the applicability of the principle of freedom of expression and also restricted the prospects of effective regulation of broadcast media in Pakistan. In the end, this article articulates future implications regarding the regulation of broadcast media in the country.

scholarly journals ARTHRITIS IMPAIRMENT;

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (06) ◽  
pp. 938-947
Author(s):  
NAHEED AZHER ◽  
SAMIA KALSOOM ◽  
MUHAMMAD SAEED
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Qualitative Methods ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Physical Limitations ◽  
Depth Interviews

Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore physical limitations and clothing problems among women withRheumatoid arthritis and designing functional clothing according to their needs. Design: This study is designed to be qualitative in nature,where the researcher explores case studies of adult female with rheumatoid arthritis. Therefore qualitative methods were used, employingdata collection by in-depth interviews and observations. Period: The study was conducted in 2010- 2012 in Lahore. Material &Methods: The present study gives a clear picture about clothing problems while donning and doffing, of adult females with rheumatoidarthritis and the need for adaptive clothing. Research process comprised of assessing clothing needs, providing comfort while donningand doffing through co-designing and evaluating comfort of an adaptive garment after wear trail of three weeks. The researcher did adetailed thematic analysis using predetermined codes to aid analysis, of all the information gathered from three female participants of thestudy. The researcher found what was missing in the clothing that the participants wore in their regular lives, and worked with them to findout what they wanted in the adaptive clothing that provides them comfort. Results: The adaptive clothing was a successful mean tosatisfy the participant’s needs and preferences in a better way. It was also found that the co-designing of the final product was a veryeffective means of doing so; adaptive clothing can offer arthritis women an easy, time saving and pain free way to dress.

scholarly journals Walking Through a Maze: The Struggles of Accountancy Students with Online Learning in the Context of the COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 30-38
Author(s):  
Grace L. Lopena ◽  
Nenette D. Padilla ◽  
Dennis V. Madrigal
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Online Learning ◽  
Learning Environment ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Abrupt Change ◽  
Education Institution ◽  
Higher Education Institution ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Remote Learning

This descriptive phenomenological paper reflects the students' lived experiences metaphorically likened to 'walking through a maze,' their struggles with online learning in the context of COVID-19 construed as obstacles. Such experiences play a role in their academic successes or failures, shaped by various factors like learning environment, peers, instructors, living situations, and curriculum. Given the COVID-19 pandemic and urgency for remote learning, it becomes imperative to understand the effects of this abrupt change. Thus, this paper seeks to narrate the lived experiences of accountancy students from a higher education institution (HEI) in Bacolod City. Four participants were selected for in-depth interviews through a gatekeeper who was the Accountancy program head. Through a thematic analysis, findings revealed the students' difficulties. These struggles, however, were integral to cultivating resilience and capacity for adaptation. While the concluding outlook is perceived as positive, the need to mitigate the effects of students' negative lived experiences remains crucial.

scholarly journals Impact of Work Environment on Professional Integrity: A Case Study of Journalists in Islamabad

2019 ◽  
Vol IV (IV) ◽  
pp. 229-237
Author(s):  
Gohar Ali ◽  
Zubair Shafiq
Keyword(s):  
Work Environment ◽  
Professional Autonomy ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Media Freedom ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Pressure Groups ◽  
Female Journalists ◽  
Depth Interviews

This study aims to explore the working environment of Pakistani journalists in Islamabad by analyzing their opinion on media freedom and professional autonomy. It also aims to highlight the limitations and difficulties faced by these journalists while performing their professional duties. To achieve these aims, focus groups and in-depth interviews of media professionals were conducted. The focus group consisted of seven experienced journalists whereas in-depth interviews involved five male and three female journalists of the same city for a comprehensive understanding of their viewpoints and true insight of their position. Results showed all the respondents (male and female) from Islamabad city were not satisfied with their working environment, safety, and security. Not only their salaries were found insufficient for their personal needs yet they were facing certain threats from various pressure groups. The study found that their employers did not provide the minimum required safety and security against these threats.

Tragic Encounters and Ordinary Ethics

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Sheldon
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Free Expression ◽  
The Political ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Student Activists ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Media ◽  
University Spaces ◽  
The Ideal

For over four decades, events in Palestine-Israel have provoked raging conflicts between members of British universities, giving rise to controversies around free speech, ‘extremism’, antisemitism and Islamophobia within higher education, which have been widely reported in the media and subject to repeated interventions by politicians. But why is this conflict so significant for student activists living at such a geographical distance from the region itself? And what role do emotive, polarised communications around Palestine-Israel play in the life of British academic institutions committed to the ideal of free expression? This book invites students, academics and members of the public who feel concerned with this issue to explore the sources of these visceral encounters on campus. Drawing on original ethnographic research with conflicting groups of activists, it explores what is at stake for students who are drawn into struggles around Palestine-Israel within changing university spaces facing pressures associated with neoliberalism and the ‘War on Terror’. It begins from this case study to argue that, in an increasingly globalised world that is shaped by entangled histories of the Nazi Holocaust and colonial violence, members of universities must develop creative and ethical ways of approaching questions of justice. Tragic Encounters and Ordinary Ethics curates an ethnographic imagination in response to the political tensions arising out of the continuing violence in Palestine-Israel. It invites students and academics to attend to lived experiences within our own university institutions in order to cultivate ethical forms of communication in response to conflicts of justice.

scholarly journals Youth voices in post-English riots Tottenham: The role of reflexivity in negotiating negative representations

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 1386-1402
Author(s):  
Julius Elster
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Qualitative Methods ◽  
News Media ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
The North ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Media ◽  
Stock Of Knowledge

Numerous negative representations of youth emerged in the aftermath of the 2011 English riots. This article intends to fill a gap in the literature on the ‘riot-affected’ areas by looking at how youths from Tottenham (the North London constituency where a peaceful demonstration escalated into the English riots of 2011) deal with stereotypical and homogeneous portrayals put forward by the British mainstream news media and many government ministers. In drawing on an alternative conceptualisation of reflexivity that spells out how reflexive orientations relate to lived experiences, the article aims to open up novel pathways for understanding youth reflexivity in the context of being regularly subjected to negative representations. This is achieved by tying reflexive activity more closely to Alfred Schütz’s notion of ‘stock of knowledge’. The study applies qualitative methods to empirically address how a group of eighteen 15- to 25-year-olds from Tottenham reflexively negotiate the harmful consequences of stigmatised identities. The most striking conclusion to emerge from the data is that Tottenham’s young people embody a diverse range of youth identities and reflexive attitudes; a conclusion that flies in the face of the way in which much of the media depicted youths after the riots.

Lived experiences of the adjustment of older employees to re-employment in Singapore: A Bourdieusian perspective

2021 ◽  
pp. 144078332110188
Author(s):  
Jianbin Xu ◽  
Kalyani K Mehta ◽  
David Wan
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Working Life ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Older Employees ◽  
Adjustment Strategies ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Insight Into

The Singapore government promulgated the Retirement and Re-employment Act in 2012 to promote extending working life. This article offers insight into the utility of Bourdieu’s conceptual framework of habitus, field and capital in exploring how older employees in Singapore adjust to re-employment. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with 10 re-employed older persons consisting of four women and six men. The thematic analysis of the data indicated that a series of adjustment strategies underpinned by the realism-, positivity-, productivity- and proactivity-oriented habitus synergized to empower research participants to navigate through the field of re-employment. The article proposes that in the Singapore context policy makers and employers need to take a habitus-sensitive approach to re-employed older persons, developing a habitus-friendly field of re-employment.

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