Reform the Police and End the Violence

2021 ◽  
pp. 86-106
Author(s):  
Daskyes Yohanna Gulleng
Keyword(s):  
Community Policing ◽  
Regional Security ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Class ◽  
The North ◽  
What Works ◽  
State Police ◽  
Policing Strategy ◽  
Traditional Institutions ◽  
And Control

Policing in Nigeria has never been this challenging. Aside from accusations of violence and brutality, the police are widely regarded as ineffective and inefficient. While insecurity surges across the country, regional security networks are springing up in an uncoordinated manner, raising questions about ownership and control. This further gave rise to agitations for either community policing and state police from the political class, civil societies, and traditional institutions. This chapter situates police violence in the context of the popular #EndSARS# protest and reviews issues surrounding police reforms in Nigeria. Within the context of the challenging insecurity in the north central region, the chapter looks at the merits and demerits of community police and state police to determine what works and makes recommendations on the appropriate policing strategy in the region.

scholarly journals Socio-political Turmoil in Mali: The Public Debate following the Coup d'État on 22 March 2012

2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 111-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sten Hagberg ◽  
Gabriella Körling
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Public Debate ◽  
The Political ◽  
Military Officers ◽  
Political Class ◽  
Coup D'etat ◽  
The Public ◽  
The North ◽  
Intense Mass ◽  
Political Turmoil

During the night between 21 and 22 March 2012, a group of young military officers overthrew Mali's president, Amadou Toumani Touré. The group justified the coup by citing the inability of the regime to both deal with the crisis in the North and provide the army with the appropriate material and manpower to defend the national territory. The coup plunged Mali into violence, and caused a de facto partition of the country. The socio-political turmoil pitting different political and armed factions against each other has continued unabated and has been accompanied by intense mass media debates. In this report we focus on the Malian public debate. By looking at the political class, the international community, and the partition of the country, we analyse representations and stereotypes prevailing in this debate.

scholarly journals Peacekeeping Potential of the Collective Security Treaty Organization

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 707-720
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Vladimirovich Kornilenko
Keyword(s):  
Regional Security ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Actual State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Collective Security ◽  
Member States ◽  
The North ◽  
Security Treaty ◽  
Peacekeeping Missions ◽  
Information Components

The Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO), as an international regional organization, unites states that have common principles for ensuring collective security in the post-Soviet space. In addition to military, political, anti-terrorist, anti-drug, migration aspects, the Organizations practical activities provide for the implementation of peacekeeping missions in the region, as well as beyond. Over the past decade, the CSTO has been systematically raising the level of its readiness to respond to various types of threats, interacting with both states and other international organizations in this area. The purpose of this article is to assess the current state of the CSTO peacekeeping activity, to identify its strengths and weaknesses, and possible ways to increase the effectiveness of peacekeeping. The scientific novelty of the research lays in the consideration, on the basis of a retrospective analysis, of the actual state of the political, military, information components of the Organizations peacekeeping, which at the present time, obviously, have not yet reached their maximum efficiency. The author examines the reasons for the creation of the CSTO, the historical stages of the Organizations interaction with the UN, the practical aspects of their cooperation. Special attention is paid to the existing relationship between the member states within the Organization itself, to the political problems of the perception of the CSTO by other subjects of international law as an equal partner. It notes its complete political ignorance on the part of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in the presence of bilateral contacts with most member states. In conclusion, the author comes to the conclusion that the Organization is currently experiencing an identity crisis and does not show sufficient efficiency in the context of the implementation of close allied relations in the system of ensuring regional security.

scholarly journals México y el Instituto Nacional de Geografía y Estadística: fundación y contexto, 1824-1839

2016 ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgar Ortiz Arellano
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Communication ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Class ◽  
Mexican Society ◽  
Mexican Government ◽  
The Creation ◽  
And Control ◽  
International Character ◽  
Strong Concern

ResumenMéxico al obtener su independencia en 1821 tuvo el reto de administrar y gobernar grandes extensiones de territorio donde vivía una población heterogénea y dispersa; ante esta situación fue una necesidad fundar un organismo encargado del mapeo de la nación, así como tener conocimiento de los recursos y habitantes con los que contaba, por lo que el gobierno mexicano creó el Instituto Nacional de Geografía y Estadística en 1833, que posteriormente se denominó Sociedad Mexicana de Geografía y Estadística. Los resultados que logró a pesar del escenario político inestable fue la continuidad que dio a sus trabajos y la creación del Boletín, que se constituyó en una de las primeras publicaciones de comunicación científica de carácter internacional que tuvo México, de ahí el énfasis que se puso en el contexto del Instituto y sus primeras acciones, concluyendo que existió una fuerte preocupación e intentos de la clase política por institucionalizar la ciencia en el país.Palabras clave: México; geografía; estadística; boletínMexico and the Instituto Nacional de Geografía y Estadística: foundation and context, 1824-1839AbstractGaining independence in 1821, Mexico had the challenge to manage and control large territories where a heterogeneous and dispersed population lived. In this situation, it needed to establish a body responsible for mapping the nation and collecting knowledge on the resources and people, so the Mexican government created the National Institute of Geography and Statistics in 1833, later called Mexican Society of Geography and Statistics. The results achieved despite the unstable political scenario was the continuity of its work and the creation of the Boletín, which evolved as one of the first publications of scientific communication of international character in Mexico. Hence, emphasis was placed in the context of the Institute and its first actions, concluding that there were a strong concern and some attempts by the political class to institutionalize science in the country.Keywords: Mexico; geography; statistics; newsletter; boletínMéxico e o Instituto Nacional de Geografia e Estatística: fundação e contexto, 1824-1839ResumoMéxico ao obter sua independência em 1821, teve o desafio de administrar e governar grandes extensões de território onde viveu uma população heterogênea e dispersa; nesta situação surgiu a necessidade de criar um organismo responsável de mapear o país e ter conhecimento dos recursos e habitantes com os quais contava, de modo que o governo mexicano criou o Instituto Nacional de Geografia e Estatística em 1833, que mais tarde denominou como Sociedade Mexicana de Geografia e Estatística. O resultado alcançado apesar do cenário de instabilidade política foi à continuidade que deram as suas obras e a criação do Boletim que se constituiu numa das primeiras publicações de divulgação científica de carácter internacional que teve o México, daí a ênfase que foi colocada no contexto do Instituto e suas primeiras ações, concluindo que houve uma forte preocupação e tentativa da classe política para institucionalizar a ciência no país.Palavras-chave: México; geografia; estatística; boletim 

Democrazy—Dem Go Craze, O: Monitoring the 1999 Nigerian Elections

1999 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
Darren Kew
Keyword(s):  
Transition Program ◽  
The Political ◽  
High Stakes ◽  
Political Class ◽  
Soccer Match ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Military

In many respects, the least important part of the 1999 elections were the elections themselves. From the beginning of General Abdusalam Abubakar’s transition program in mid-1998, most Nigerians who were not part of the wealthy “political class” of elites—which is to say, most Nigerians— adopted their usual politically savvy perspective of siddon look (sit and look). They waited with cautious optimism to see what sort of new arrangement the military would allow the civilian politicians to struggle over, and what in turn the civilians would offer the public. No one had any illusions that anything but high-stakes bargaining within the military and the political class would determine the structures of power in the civilian government. Elections would influence this process to the extent that the crowd influences a soccer match.

Reconsideration of the Research Trajectory on the Carceral State

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-207
Author(s):  
Juliette Barbera
Keyword(s):  
Political Science ◽  
Political Development ◽  
American Political Development ◽  
The Political ◽  
Carceral State ◽  
Research Framework ◽  
Research Production ◽  
Fields Of Study ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
And Control

For decades, both incarceration and research on the topic have proliferated. Disciplines within the Western sciences have studied the topic of incarceration through their respective lenses. Decades of data reflect trends and consequences of the carceral state, and based on that data the various disciplines have put forth arguments as to how the trends and consequences are of relevance to their respective fields of study. The research trajectory of incarceration research, however, overlooks the assumptions behind punishment and control and their institutionalization that produce and maintain the carceral state and its study. This omission of assumptions facilitates a focus on outcomes that serve to reinforce Western perspectives, and it contributes to the overall stagnation in the incarceration research produced in Western disciplines. An assessment of the study of the carceral state within the mainstream of American Political Development in the political science discipline provides an example of how the research framework contributes to the overall stagnation, even though the framework of the subfield allows for an historical institutionalization perspective. The theoretical perspectives of Cedric J. Robinson reveal the limits of Western lenses to critically assess the state. The alternative framework he provides to challenge the limits imposed on research production by Western perspectives applies to the argument presented here concerning the limitations that hamper the study of the carceral state.

Exploring the Diversity of Religion

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-66
Author(s):  
Arkotong Longkumer
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
Religious Movement ◽  
The Political ◽  
Alternative Route ◽  
British Colonialism ◽  
The North

This article considers the importance of “religion” and “identity” in the process of fieldwork in the North Cachar Hills, Assam, India. The political sensitivities in the region provided a difficult context in which to do fieldwork. This is chiefly because of the various armed insurrections, which have arisen as a consequence of the complicated remnants of British colonialism (1834–1947), and the subsequent post-independence challenge of nation building in India. This article raises important methodological questions concerning fieldwork and the relational grounding of the fieldworker relative to the inside/outside positions. It reflects on these issues by discussing the Heraka, a Zeme Naga religious movement. Their ambiguity and “in-between” character accommodates both the “neo-Hindu” version of a nation or Hindutva (Hinduness) and the larger Naga (primarily Christian) assertion of their own cultural and religious autonomy. The Heraka provides an alternative route into ideas of nationhood, religious belonging and cultural identity.

Political orientation and moral foundations

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 (11) ◽  
pp. 365-371
Author(s):  
J Dorasamy ◽  
Mr Jirushlan Dorasamy
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
North America ◽  
American Studies ◽  
Political Orientation ◽  
The Political ◽  
Moral Foundations ◽  
Open Approach ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Moral Foundation ◽  
The North

Studies, especially in the North America, have shown a relationship between political orientation and moralfoundation. This study investigated whether moral judgements differ from the political orientation of participantsin South Africa moral judgment and the extent to which moral foundations are influenced by politicalorientation.Further, the study investigated the possibility of similar patterns with the North AmericanConservative-Liberal spectrum and the moral foundation. There were 300participants, 78 males and 222 females,who completed an online questionnaire relating to moral foundation and political orientation. The results partiallysupported the hypothesis relating to Liberal and Conservative orientation in South Africa. Further, this studypartially predicted the Liberal-Conservative orientation with patterns in the moral foundation, whilst showingsimilar findings to the North American studies. A growing rate of a neutral/moderate society is evidenced in SouthAfrica and abroad, thereby showing the emergence of a more open approach to both a political and generalstance.”””

Efficacy of anthelmintic Eprimek against gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 99-103
Author(s):  
V. I. Kolesnikov
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
The North ◽  
Helminth Eggs ◽  
Nematode Eggs ◽  
Flotation Technique ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

The purpose of the research is studying the efficacy of Eprimek (Eprinomectin) against gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep.Materials and methods. A commercial experiment to study the antiparasitic efficacy of Eprimek was carried out in June 2020 on 300 lambs of the North Caucasian breed in a private flock of Filimonovskaya Village, Izobilnensky District, the Stavropol Territory, which were divided into two groups. The experimental group of lambs (290 animals) was injected Eprimek subcutaneously at the earset at a dose of 1 ml/50 kg of live weight (10 mg of Eprinomectin in 1 ml), and 10 lambs were not treated; they were used as control. We collected feces from the lambs of the experimental and control groups before administration of the drugs and after 15 and 30 days. Fecal samples were examined by the flotation technique with a saturated solution of ammonium nitrate with counting nematode eggs in 1 g of feces. The results were processed statistically.Results and discussion. Eprimek showed a decrease in the number of excreted helminth eggs from 225.1±28.2 to 4.1±2.3 in production environment at a dose of 1 ml/50 kg of live weight, according to coprological studies on the 15th day after treatment in the experimental group of lambs. The efficacy was 98.2%, and 70% of the animals were free from the infection. The intensity of infection of the control lambs by gastrointestinal nematodes was 131–151 eggs per 1 g of feces at 100% prevalence.

ОЦЕНКА ПЕРСПЕКТИВ ПОЛИТИЧЕСКОГО БУДУЩЕГО РОССИЙСКОЙ МОЛОДЕЖЬЮ

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
O. V. Lagutin ◽  
E. O. Negrov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Political Process ◽  
The Political ◽  
Youth Organizations ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
North West ◽  
Youth Leaders ◽  
The North ◽  
Rfbr Grant ◽  
The Russian Federation

The article deals with the assessment of the prospects of the political future by representatives of Russian youth. The text of the article has been prepared within the framework of the project “Potential of Youth Political Leadership in The Course of Political Socialization and Circulation of Elites in the Russia Regions in the 2010s (using the example of South-Western Siberia and the North-West of the Russian Federation), RFBR grant No. 18-011-01184. The relevance of the research is in combining a fundamental review of the main directions of research of the role of youth participation in the social and political process and the involvement of a specific empirical study conducted in the spring of 2019, which allows highlighting various aspects of the situation. The empirical part of the study is based on the study “Ideas of Youth about Possibilities of Youth Leaders and Youth Organizations in Russia”, which was conducted in spring 2019 in four constituent entities of the Russian Federation — Altai Territory, Leningrad and Novosibirsk Regions and St. Petersburg. The method of research was a personal standardized interview, the sample size was 1000 respondents (250 in each of the regions), representatives of young people aged 14 to 30 permanently reside in the territory of the studied subjects of the federation. Based on factor and cluster analyzes, the main models of expectations of the political future are presented. The article should be of interest to researchers, both professionally involved, and simply interested in the topic of the influence of the real political process on such a significant group of the population as youth.

The possible regulatory mechanisms of aqueous, ethyl acetate and nhexane fractions of the Ribes khorassanicum extract on acute hypertension in rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Mohebbati ◽  
Yasamin Kamkar-De ◽  
Mohammad Naser Shafei
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Antihypertensive Effect ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Acute Hypertension ◽  
The North ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

Objective: Our previous studies showed the antihypertensive effect of Ribes khorassanicum (R. khorassanicum), a medicinal herb growing in the North Khorasan Province of Iran. For further evaluation, the present study investigated the effect of n-hexane (HX), ethyl acetate (EA), and aqueous (AQ) fractions of hydroalcoholic R. khorassanicum extract on cardiovascular responses in angiotensin II (AngII) and NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) hypertensive rats. Methods: Wistar rats were randomly divided into 11 groups (n=5): 1) control, 2) AngII (50 ng/kg, i.v), 3) AngII + losartan (10 mg/kg, i.p), 4) L-NAME (10 mg/kg, i.v), 5) L-NAME+ sodium nitroprusside (SNP) (50 mg/kg, i.p), 6,7,8) one dose of each fraction of R. khorassanicum (AQ/EA/HX (50 mg/kg, i.p)) +AngII, and 9,10,11) one dose of each fraction of R. khorassanicum (AQ/EA/HX (50 mg/kg, i.p)) + L-NAME. Treated rats received three fractions 30 min before the injection of L-NAME and AngII in separate groups. The cardiovascular parameters were recorded by the Power Lab instrument via an angiocath inserted into the femoral artery. The peak changes (∆) of mean arterial pressure (MAP), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and heart rate (HR) in treated groups were compared with those of the hypertensive and control groups. Result: AngII and L-NAME significantly increased ∆MAP and ∆SBP and attenuated by pretreatment of LOS and SNP, respectively. Pretreatment with polar (AQ) and semipolar (EA) fractions of R. khorassanicum reduced the peak changes of MAP and SBP in both AngII and L-NAME-treated groups. Only the fraction of the herb attenuated the HR increased in the L-NAME group. The HR in other groups did not demonstrate any significant difference. Conclusion: All fractions of R. khorassanicum have an antihypertensive effect. However, the effect of polar fractions is more salient. It is also conceivable that the antihypertensive effect of fractions is mostly mediated by the inhibition of AngII.

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