scholarly journals Deportation Everyday Life: sources and materials (in case of East Kazakhstan)

2020 ◽  
Vol 133 (4) ◽  
pp. 42-62
Author(s):  
B.Zh. Atantayeva ◽  
◽  
T.A. Kamaljanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Central State ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
Difficult Time ◽  
The Status ◽  
East Kazakhstan ◽  
The Republic ◽  
State Archives ◽  
The Right

Based on the studied documentary sources of the Central State Archives and the Archives of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Almaty), regional archives of the East Kazakhstan (Ust-Kamenogorsk, Semey, Ayaguz), where is a whole layer of documents on the topic under consideration, an objective picture of everyday life peoples deported to the territory of the East Kazakhstan: Germans, Chechens, Ingush, etc. are recreated. In the late 1930s, the deported peoples were sent to remote areas for special settlements (hence the name «special settlers», «special settlers»). Kazakhstan was also included among such territories. Whole peoples forcibly evicted from their homes formally retained the status of full-fledged Soviet citizens but were deprived of the right of movement and free choice of residence.The documents contained in the archives make it possible to reveal various aspects of the topic under consideration, showing the daily life of the special settlers: the difficulties and problems they encountered during resettlement and placement in a new place. The systematization of the identified sources made it possible to determine the number and resettlement of the special settlers, their household and labor structure. Analysis of the documents showed that the placement of the special settlers in the new place was difficult, which led to negative social and demographic consequences. The situation of the deported peoples, despite the measures taken for the household and labor arrangement, was difficult. The deportation of peoples led to irreparable damage to the material and spiritual culture of ethnic groups, doomed people to a low social status and standard of living. However, thanks to the support of the local population, people were able not only to survive, but also by adapting to new conditions, to contribute to the economic development of the region at this difficult time. The article provides a thorough and detailed analysis of the sources of the regional archive, which made it possible to solve the tasks, set in the work and draw appropriate conclusions based on the analysis.

BELARUSIAN FACTOR IN THE ACTIVITIES OF THE PARTIZAN ASSOCIATION OF SUMY (1941‑1944)

2019 ◽  
pp. 121-129
Author(s):  
Olexii Verbovyi
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
World War ◽  
Central State ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
State Archives ◽  
The Right ◽  
Second World

The purpose of the article is to study the Belarusian factor in the activity of one of the largest in the number and the most diverse in national composition partisan formation of the period of the Second World War ‑ the Sumy partisan union (the 1st Ukrainian Partisan Division named after the Hero of the Soviet Union, S. A. Kovpak). First of all, the relevance of the problem is determined, the state of study of the history of the Soviet partisan resistance movement during the Second World War in general and its certain aspects in particular. It is emphasized on the multinational personnel as a characteristic feature of the Soviet partisan formations of Ukraine. During the study of the problem, the basic source was a complex of documents from the fund of the 1st Ukrainian Partisan Division named after twice Hero of the Soviet Union S. A. Kovpak (Sumy Partisan Union), which is kept in the Central State Archives of Public Associations of Ukraine. Using the historical method, the general scientific methods of comparison, analysis, synthesis, on the basis of archival sources, memoirs and scientific works, shows the participation of citizens of Belarusian nationality in the personnel of the compound (divisions), traces the dynamics of the number of Belarusians, determines their place and correlation with other nationalities. It is proved that from the first days of the creation of this unit as a partisan detachment in September 1941 and till disbandment as a guerrilla division in November 1944, the fighters of Belarusian nationality ranked third place in its staff. The path of passing and location of the connection (division) on the territory of Byelorussia is traced. It was determined that its combat, sabotage and intelligence activities were in the Gomel, Pinsk and Polissya regions. It was associated mostly with raids on the territory of the Right Bank and Western Ukraine. The chronological boundaries of the activity of the Sumy partisan compound (the 1st Ukrainian Partisan Division named after the Hero of the Soviet Union S. A. Kovpak) on the territory of Belarus cover the period from November 1942 till July 1944, with interruptions. Combat operations of the union (division) on the territory of Belarus are revealed, in particular, the defeat of hostile garrisons and the capture of settlements. Sabotage activity on main railways and on highways was investigated. The presence of the union (division) on the territory of Byelorussia during the period of preparation for the exit to the Carpathian raid in June 1943 and after the returning from the Lviv-Warsaw raid in April 1944 are highlighted. Examples of the attitude of the local population towards the partisans of the Sumy Union, facts of looting of individual fighters and so on. The main aspects of the relationship between Ukrainian partisans and local partisan groups are also described. The issue of establishing a connection between the Sumy partisan union and local Belarusian partisan detachments and brigades is solved. The example of obtaining the experience of combat, sabotage and reconnaissance activities of the Yale Partisan Detachment during the stay of the Sumy Partisan Connection at the end of 1942 – early 1943 is given. The conduction of joint military operations and the exchange of intelligence data gained by the Ukrainian and Belarusian partisans is shown. According to archival documents, local guerrilla formations of Belarus were identified, with which connection (division) communications were established, joint hostilities and sabotage on hostile communications were conducted, intelligence was exchanged, sending of wounded guerrillas to the Soviet rear was ensured, etc. The problems connected with the replenishment of the personnel of the union (division) at the expense of the local population, as well as the transition of the fighters of the Belarusian units were highlighted. Some contradictions were mentioned which arose between the Ukrainian and Belarusian partisans, the dissatisfaction of the Sumy guerrilla unit command with the uneven material supply of Ukrainian and Belarusian partisans from the Soviet rear, the combat and sabotage activity of the Belarusian formations, etc. According to the results of the study of the problem, a considerable place of the Belarusian factor in the activities of the Sumy partisan compound during the entire period of its existence from September 1941 to November 1944 has been proven.

scholarly journals HANDICRAFT PRODUCTION IN DAGESTAN: THE CULTURE OF EVERYDAY LIFE (THE FIRST HALF OF THE XX CENTURY)

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 805-811
Author(s):  
M. M. Amirkhanova
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Republican Party ◽  
Periodical Press ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Central State ◽  
Daily Work ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
Industrial Labor ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Handicraft Production

The article deals with some aspects of the daily life of Dagestani artisans of the first twenty years of the XX century. Issues of industrial labor and life of artisans are reflected in official documents of the Republican party bodies, and in the materials of the Dagestan handicraft Union. The purpose of the research is to identify traditions and innovations in the daily work and life of Dagestani artisans at the turn of two different historical epochs. When writing the article, we used documentary sources of the Central state archive of the Republic of Dagestan, materials of the periodical press, which allowed us to conduct a comparative analysis of three levels of everyday life of artisans: the traditional, revolutionary period and the formation of the Soviet way of life. During the study period, the reorganization of handicraft production was carried out, which was associated with certain difficulties and costs.

Diplomacy of the Concil of Lithuania in Entente powers

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-64
Author(s):  
Sandra Grigaravičiūté
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Peace Treaty ◽  
National Council ◽  
Central State ◽  
Direct Indication ◽  
Soviet Russia ◽  
State Archives ◽  
The Right ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The research reveals appointment, competence and type of activities of the authorized representatives of the Council of Lithuania delegated to represent the Council of Lithuania, Lithuania’s interests or affairs abroad (in neutral and “belligerent countries”) from 22 October 1917 to 11 November 1918. The Entente Powers include the United States, Great Britain, France and also Italy in some cases. Russia, which also belonged to the Entente, is left outside the scope of the research, because after Soviet Russia signed the Peace Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (3 March 1918), it did no longer fight on the side of the Entente. The research on the diplomacy of the Council of Lithuania in the Entente Powers was carried out on the basis of published (press, memoirs, published documents) and unpublished sources (from the Lithuanian Central State Archives, Manuscripts Department of the Wroblewski Library of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences). The study employed the methods of analysis and comparison, the descriptive method, and the comparison of sources and literature. While processing the primary sources, in particular in French and German languages, the logistic-analytical method was applied (the notional content and information analysis was carried out). The research consists of two parts. In the first part of investigation the author analyzes the appointment and competence of the authorized representatives of the Council of Lithuania in neutral and “belligerent countries” and concludes, that the analysis of the circumstances of appointment and chronology of the authorized representatives of the Council of Lithuania in neutral and “belligerent countries” as well as the content of their authorizations made it clear that permanent authorized representatives, Juozas Purickis and Vladas Daumanatas-Dzimidavičius, who were appointed on 22 October 1917, had their residence in Lausanne and constituted a part of the collegial body of Lithuanian National Council, were authorized to represent the Council of Lithuania; however, only Purickis’ authorization included the phrase “to represent Lithuania’s interests abroad”; there was no indication as to what countries were meant. An equivalent wording – “to represent Lithuania’s interests abroad” – was also included in the texts of authorizations of non-permanent authorized representatives – Augustinas Voldemaras and Konstantinas Olšauskas. The material contained in the minutes of the meetings of the Council of Lithuania entails that “representation in belligerent countries” also meant representation in the Entente Powers, though no direct indication was included. In the second part of the study the author reveals the specific type of activities of the authorized representatives of the Council of Lithuania (October 1917 – November 1918) and states, that Permanent representatives of the Council of Lithuania, who were based in Lausanne and formed a part of the collegial Lithuanian National Council, did not always coordinate their diplomatic steps in the Entente Powers or in their embassies in Bern; hence, the Council of Lithuania had to deny or dissociate itself from certain statements made by the Lithuanian National Council (in Lausanne) (the declaration of separation from Russia of 25 December 1917; the protest telegram of June 1918). Both permanent and non-permanent representatives of the Council of Lithuania authorized to represent Lithuania’s interests abroad shared the same goal of seeking “the recognition of the right to self-determination for the Lithuanian nation” and the recognition of independence declared by the Council of Lithuania (on the basis of Part I of the Act of 11 December 1917 and the Act of 16 February 1918).

scholarly journals The normative framework of the protection of personal data in the field of (bio)medicine

Temida ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 99-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasa Rajic
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
European Convention ◽  
International Treaties ◽  
Normative Framework ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Right ◽  
Treatment Procedures ◽  
Biomedical Treatment

This paper discusses the normative framework of regulating the right to protection of personal data relating to biomedical treatment procedures of patients as human rights. The subjects of analysis are the European Convention, the Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine and the relevant provisions of the Constitution of the Republic of Serbia. The right to protection of personal data in the field of biomedicine is analyzed comparatively in terms of the content of this right and in terms of basis for limiting this right. The analysis is carried out to find answers to the question if the constitutional framework is consistent in terms of exercising this right, taking into account the constitutional provision on the direct application of human rights guaranteed by international treaties and other provisions that determine the status of international sources of law in our legal system.

scholarly journals N.P. Ostroumov as a Collector of Uzbek Folk Songs (Based on the Materials of the Central State Archives)

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahodatkhon Kh. Imomnazarova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fairy Tales ◽  
Folk Songs ◽  
Local History ◽  
Central State ◽  
Educational Work ◽  
The Republic ◽  
State Archives ◽  
Oriental Studies ◽  
Folk Ritual ◽  
The 19Th Century

At the end of the 19th century, a certain amount of work was done to record, collect and popularize Uzbek folklore, including scholars studying oriental studies, local history, geography, archeology and other areas in Turkestan, as well as educational work. They translated folk legends, legends, fairy tales, proverbs and sayings, the songs they heard or wrote, often translated them into Russian and published them in periodicals, including them in their studies, literary and journalistic works, and travel notes. One of the specialists who contributed to the collection of folk art, in particular fairy tales, proverbs and songs, is the famous orientalist, ethnographer Nikolai Petrovich Ostroumov. The article analyzes the folkloristic activities of the orientalist N.P. Ostroumov based on the recordings of Uzbek folk ritual songs stored in the Central State Archives of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

scholarly journals SOURCES OF THE POWER AND THE AUTHORITY OF MANAGERS

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-84
Author(s):  
Vojo Belovski ◽  
Biljana Todorova
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Religious Media ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Will ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Intellectual Knowledge ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Formal Power ◽  
Power And Authority

The paper starts from the general approach to the content and essence of the categories of power and authority and their interrelationship at the level of theoretical analysis and practical existence and manifestation.The sources from which the power and the authority of managers emerge will be analyzed taking into account their position and role in the organizations and other forms of the existence of the managerial function.The power is the right to order and obligation to respect / apply the order - it is very present in the work and behavior of the managers. The power is visible in the area of the state activities, in the education system, among the family.The authority represents carrying out the will even when it is contrary to the interests of others. You can talk about economic, ideological, religious, media authority, the authority of political parties and interest groups.Organizations are composed of persons who perform greater or lesser degrees of authority and power. Sometimes the power and authority in the organization arise from the position of a person in the organization or from the knowledge and skills that a person possesses. Others express their authority in interpersonal relationships through their character. In practice, it is seen that individuals have formal power and no real authority.Most directly, the authority of managers is derived from their functions / activities in the enterprise, from the right to command and direct other people in their tasks and responsibilities. Their power stems from the right and the ability to create an environment in which other individuals will participate in the realization of the organization's goals, in other words, the right to create an atmosphere that will encourage people to dedicate themselves to the work and development of the enterprise.The authority of managers arises from their intellectual knowledge, often higher than the knowledge of employees, which also activates authority as a voluntary acknowledgment of influence on the subordinate.Through an analytical approach, analyzes will be made on some issues and aspects of the status of managers in the Macedonian society, through projected grouping / classification of types of managers. Also, an answer to the question of why the managerial function in the Republic of Macedonia is reviving.

scholarly journals The role of the poet in Plato's ideal cities of Callipolis and Magnesia

2007 ◽  
Vol 48 (116) ◽  
pp. 329-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerard Naddaf
Keyword(s):  
Practical Realization ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Right ◽  
Negative Factors ◽  
The Ideal

Plato's attitude toward the poets and poetry has always been a flashpoint of debate, controversy and notoriety, but most scholars have failed to see their central role in the ideal cities of the Republic and the Laws, that is, Callipolis and Magnesia. In this paper, I argue that in neither dialogue does Plato "exile" the poets, but, instead, believes they must, like all citizens, exercise the expertise proper to their profession, allowing them the right to become full-fledged participants in the productive class. Moreover, attention to certain details reveals that Plato harnesses both positive and negative factors in poetry to bring his ideal cities closer to a practical realization. The status of the poet and his craft in this context has rarely to my knowledge been addressed.

scholarly journals Everyday labour life in occupied Belarus in 1941–1944 (on the basis of the German trophy documents)

2019 ◽  
pp. 15-25
Author(s):  
Alexander G. Tsimbal
Keyword(s):  
Local Population ◽  
Survival Strategies ◽  
German Occupation ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
Wage Premiums ◽  
Everyday Work ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Labour Potential ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Conceptual Study

Everyday work of Belarusian citizens during the German occupation is explored on the basis of German trophy documents. The article is based on the materials of the Fund 378 of the National Archives of the Republic of Belarus. The documents give an idea of many aspects of occupational life through the prism of the activities of one institution – the Main Railway Directorate «Minsk» and shed light on many «white spots» of the everyday work of the population of Belarus. The presented study aims, first of all, to introduce into scientific circulation a significant set of factual material on the problem of everyday work and the use of local people labour by the occupation authorities. That shows the problem from a new perspective and creates factual basis for further conceptual study of the issue. The German occupation authorities gave exceptional importance to the issue of gaining the support of the population of Belarus. With this purpose, they developed directive documents, analyzed the mood and labour potential of local workers. Using the method of «carrots and sticks», the railway management in occupied Belarus understood that it depended on the local population, therefore, in addition to repressive methods and the organization of the control system, the issues of providing products and creating social guarantees were raised. The wage premiums, bonuses, rewards, delivery of products and delicacies, charity and assistance to the families of employees were supposed to increase productivity and stimulate the work of local railway workers. However, the occupation authorities regularly noted a low desire to work and the escape of local workers to the partisans. The introduction to the scientific turnover of the information of the unique documents of Main Railway Directorate «Minsk» can not only significantly extend the factual basis of the research of the period of German occupation of Belarus, but also pose a number of theoretical questions. New documentary sources make it possible to add to the currently existing assessment of the use of labour by the local population solely as betrayal or forced slave labor. Using new sources and modern methodological approaches, the survival strategies of ordinary people under occupation should be analyzed. Information sources of the сollection of documents of the Main Railway Directorate «Minsk» raise questions about the conditions of survival of local workers at other enterprises, in other fields of labour and regions of the occupied territory of Belarus.

scholarly journals GOVERNING BODIES OF TROITSKOSAVSK IN THE 1920s

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
Krasovskaya A. A. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Military Intervention ◽  
Complete Picture ◽  
Municipal Governance ◽  
Exact Date ◽  
Difficult Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
State Archives ◽  
Goals And Objectives ◽  
The Town

The article deals with the governing bodies of Troitskosavsk in the 1920s. Particular attention is paid to the process of their formation in the difficult time of changing the power, Civil War and foreign military intervention. We have described the structure of the governing bodies of Troitskosavsk, namely economic, financial, administrative, transport departments. The materials of the State Archives of the Republic of Buryatia (SARB) made it possible to present a complete picture of the activities of government bodies in the town. The archival sources allowed us to identify the members of Troitskosavsk district people's revolutionary committee, particularly Troitskosavsk municipal people's revolutionary committee. By studying the protocols, circulars, resolutions of the municipal governance, correspondence with other institutions, as well as correspondence between departments and appeals of the members of people's revolutionary committees, we established the main functions, goals and objectives of the emergency authorities in the town, as well as the problems they were forced to decide in the current conditions. We also determined a clear chronological framework for the beginning of the activities of both district and municipal people's revolutionary committees. The exact date of the end of their activities in Troitskosavsk is unknown till now. That is why it is necessary to continue the study of the municipal governance. Despite the few available researches on the history of Troitskosavsk, there are still gaps on the issues of municipal governance. For an in-depth immersion in the topic of research, it is necessary to refer to archival sources, periodicals of that time, as well as to the sources of personal origin — memoirs and diaries of the participants in the events of those years.

scholarly journals Women as Passive Citizens in Kant's Theory of Citizenship

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Serpil Durğun
Keyword(s):  
Legislative Process ◽  
Active Citizenship ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
Citizenship Status ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Right ◽  
Independence Criterion ◽  
Independent Person ◽  
Active Citizen

Kant, who is one of the contractarian theorists in political philosophy, positions the person who has the right to vote and participates in the legislative process as a citizen. This positioning is directly related to Kant's attribution of citizenship to the independence precondition. For Kant, independence means that a person possesses a certain amount of ownership which enables him to sustain his life on his own. The person who owns a certain quantity of property is the master of himself as he will not receive orders from the others and will not need the protection of others. Positioning an independent person as an active citizen with political rights, Kant considers persons who are non-owners as passive citizens because they cannot meet the prerequisite for independence. Passive citizens who are deprived of all political rights are merely citizens of the state. According to Kant's argument, women can never move up to the active citizenship status, although the republic has cleared the way for the possibility that every member of the republic could eventually move up to the active citizenship status. The status of being man of property, which is a prerequisite for the independence criterion, loses all its functions when women are in question. Even if a woman is a property owner, this is still considered insufficient for the independence criterion. Kant bases this idea of him on the assumption of women's nature and the prenuptial agreement.  

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