Should I Play or Should I Go?

2022 ◽  
pp. 24-61
Author(s):  
Daniel Cermak-Sassenrath
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Intrinsic Motivation ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
Commercial Interest ◽  
Moderating Factors ◽  
Strong Focus

A pervasive application of gamification in many areas of everyday life has arguably yet to happen. For instance, despite much commercial interest in and a potentially huge market for successful gamification products in the areas of education and health, much of the excitement is still based on speculation, and reception in parts of the academic community remains sceptical. The chapter aims to collate observations from multiple empirical studies and meta-studies and collect and highlight issues that need to be resolved or mitigated for gamification to progress. Such issues include unclear definitions, a limitation on small sets of elements employed with unclear effects, unintentional side-effects of competition, a confusing variety of operationalizations, the erosion of intrinsic motivation through extrinsic incentives, a disconnect between theoretical understandings and practical realizations, a strong focus on a behaviorist paradigm, studies' mixed, partial, and inconclusive results, a lack of attention to moderating factors, and methodological limitations.

scholarly journals Perception of Gamblers: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Wöhr ◽  
Marius Wuketich
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Gambling Problems ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Strong Focus ◽  
The Media ◽  
Social Scientific ◽  
Psychological Knowledge

AbstractIt is generally assumed that gamblers, and particularly people with gambling problems (PG), are affected by negative perception and stigmatisation. However, a systematic review of empirical studies investigating the perception of gamblers has not yet been carried out. This article therefore summarises empirical evidence on the perception of gamblers and provides directions for future research. A systematic literature review based on the relevant guidelines was carried out searching three databases. The databases Scopus, PubMed and BASE were used to cover social scientific knowledge, medical-psychological knowledge and grey literature. A total of 48 studies from 37 literature references was found. The perspective in these studies varies: Several studies focus on the perception of gamblers by the general population, by subpopulations (e. g. students or social workers), or by gamblers on themselves. The perspective on recreational gamblers is hardly an issue. A strong focus on persons with gambling problems is symptomatic of the gambling discourse. The analysis of the studies shows that gambling problems are thought to be rather concealable, whereas the negative effects on the concerned persons‘ lives are rated to be quite substantial. PG are described as “irresponsible” and “greedy” while they perceive themselves as “stupid” or “weak”. Only few examples of open discrimination are mentioned. Several studies however put emphasis on the stereotypical way in which PG are portrayed in the media, thus contributing to stigmatisation. Knowledge gaps include insights from longitudinal studies, the influence of respondents‘ age, culture and sex on their views, the relevance of the type of gambling a person is addicted to, and others. Further studies in these fields are needed.

scholarly journals Helping or Harming? The Effect of Trigger Warnings on Individuals with Trauma Histories

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Payton J. Jones ◽  
Benjamin W. Bellet ◽  
Richard J. McNally
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
World Literature ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Trauma Survivors ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Substantial Evidence ◽  
Adverse Side Effects ◽  
Mixed Samples ◽  
Trigger Warnings

Objective: Trigger warnings alert trauma survivors about potentially disturbing forthcoming content. However, most empirical studies on trigger warnings indicate that they are either functionally inert or cause small adverse side effects. These evaluations have been limited to either trauma-naïve participants or mixed samples. Accordingly, we tested whether trigger warnings would be psychologically beneficial in the most relevant population: survivors of serious trauma. Method: Our experiment was a preregistered replication and extension of a previous one (Bellet, Jones, & McNally, 2018); 451 trauma survivors were randomly assigned to either receive or not receive trigger warnings prior to reading potentially distressing passages from world literature. They provided their emotional reactions to each passage; self-reported anxiety was the primary dependent variable. Results: We found no evidence that trigger warnings were helpful for trauma survivors, for those who self-reported a PTSD diagnosis, or for those who qualified for probable PTSD, even when survivors' trauma matched the passages’ content. We found substantial evidence that trigger warnings countertherapeutically reinforce survivors' view of their trauma as central to their identity. Regarding replication hypotheses, the evidence was either ambiguous or substantially favored the hypothesis that trigger warnings have no effect. Conclusions: Trigger warnings are not helpful for trauma survivors. It is less clear whether trigger warnings are explicitly harmful. However, such knowledge is unnecessary to adjudicate whether to use trigger warnings – because trigger warnings are consistently unhelpful, there is no evidence-based reason to use them.

scholarly journals Echolocation, as a method supporting spatial orientation and independent movement of people with visual impairment

2019 ◽  
pp. 353-371
Author(s):  
KAMILA MILER-ZDANOWSKA
Keyword(s):  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Spatial Orientation ◽  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Blind People ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Visually Impaired People ◽  
The World ◽  
Impaired People

Kamila Miler-Zdanowska, Echolocation, as a method supporting spatial orientation and independent movement of people with visual impairment. Interdisciplinary Contexts of Special Pedagogy, no. 25, Poznań 2019. Pp. 353-371. Adam MickiewiczUniversity Press. ISSN 2300-391X. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14746/ikps.2019.25.15 People with visual impairment use information from other senses to gain knowledge about the world around them. More and more studies conducted withthe participation of visually impaired people indicate that data obtained through auditory perception is extremely important. In this context, the ability of echolocation used by blind people to move independently is interesting. The aim of the article is to present echolocation as a method supporting spatial orientation of people with visual impairment. The article presents the results of empirical studies of echolocation. It also presents the benefits of using this ability in everyday life and signals research projects related to the methodology of teaching echolocation in Poland. People with visually impaired to get knowledge about the world around them use information from other senses. Many studies conducted with the participation of visually impaired people indicate that data obtained through hearing are extremely important. In this context, the ability of echolocation used by blind people to move independently is interesting. The aim of the article is to present echolocation as a method supporting spatial orientation of people with visual disabilities. The article presents the results of empirical studies on echolocation. It also presents the benefits of using this skill in everyday life and signals research projects on themethodology of teaching echolocation in Poland.

scholarly journals Appscapes in everyday life

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (69) ◽  
pp. 029-051
Author(s):  
Signe Sophus Lai ◽  
Sofie Flensburg
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Mobile Apps ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Mobile App ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Online Tracking ◽  
Material Conditions ◽  
Infrastructure Studies ◽  
App Economy

It has long been acknowledged that the use of ‘free’ mobile apps comes at a price,but few empirical studies have looked into this supposed trade-off. This articlecombines qualitative interviews with mappings of infrastructures for dataficationin order to study the implications of mobile app usage from the perspectiveof individual users. It analyses users’ understanding of online tracking, maps theinfrastructural tenets of mobile datafication, and finds a disconnect between whatusers believe happens to their data and the actual data harvesting and distributionmechanisms of their apps. We thereby argue that users’ resigned attitudes shouldbe understood in light of the material conditions of the app economy and, as such,that user and infrastructure studies should join forces in exploring and enhancingusers’ agency, empowerment and emancipation.

Between Ethics and Aesthetics – Reception of Genetic Information and Narrative Experience

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. 144-144
Author(s):  
Raphaël Pfeiffer ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Genetic Information ◽  
Aesthetic Experience ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Ethical Reasoning ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Negative Feelings

"In a clinical context, the communication of genetic information is an event that can give rise to unexpected situations for health professionals. Several empirical studies have shown that, despite being presented with “good” presymptomatic test results, some patients develop negative feelings, depression, which can in extreme cases lead to suicide attempts. Here, genetic information takes full meaning when considered in a personal narrative. In this presentation, we would like to look at the specificities of this narrative experience in the light of works on the aesthetics of everyday life, with a particular focus on the works of John Dewey. For Dewey, the aesthetic experience is possible in all aspects of people’s daily lives, including clinical experience. In this case, “aesthetics” appears in the sensitive character of an experience rather than in a specific type of object. Through the examination of this thought, we will ask to what extent we can speak of an aesthetic experience when thinking of the communication of genetic information, and how this consideration can help ethical reasoning. We will begin by examining how the moment of the communication of genetic information to patients by the clinician can constitute a process of defamiliarization of everyday life. This will lead us to look at patients’ accounts of genetic information reception and to analyse how these appear to be more than mere testimonies about the experience of pathologies, but a means by which the patient is confronted with difficult experiences in order to reformulate them. "

Religious Convictions and Moral Motivation

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-161
Author(s):  
Anndrei Zavaliy
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Moral Motivation ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Immoral Behavior ◽  
Externalist Theory ◽  
Complex Emotions ◽  
Behavioral Choices ◽  
Religious Convictions ◽  
The One

Adherence to certain religious beliefs is often cited as both an efficient deterrent to immoral behavior and as an effective trigger of morally praiseworthy actions. I assume the truth of the externalist theory of motivation, emphasizing emotions as the most important non-cognitive elements that causally contribute to behavioral choices. While religious convictions may foster an array of complex emotions in a believer, three emotive states are singled out for a closer analysis: fear, guilt and gratitude. The results of recent empirical studies are examined to evaluate the relative motivational efficiency of all three emotions, as well as the likely negative psychological side-effects of these affective states, such as aggression and depression. While an action motivated by fear of punishment can be seen as a merely prudential strategy, the reparatory incentive of a guilty subject and a desire to reciprocate of the one blessed by undeserved favors are more plausible candidates for the class of genuine moral reactions. The available evidence, however, does not warrant a conclusion that a sense of guilt before God or as a sense of gratefulness to wards God, may produce a statistically significant increase in the frequency of prosocial actions aimed at other humans.

Modes of engagement with the future in everyday life

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 681-703
Author(s):  
Giuliana Mandich
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Public Domain ◽  
The Public ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Future ◽  
Modes Of Engagement

This paper is aimed at understanding how we engage with the future in different ways in everyday life. Many empirical studies have emphasised that what we usually call ‘imagination’ of the future takes diverse forms and meanings. Varied narratives of the future that are possible coexist in daily life in a bumpy, semi-conscious and occasionally tense dialogue with one another. To understand this variation of narratives, a thorough exploration of the different modes of engaging with the future that various forms of agency bring into play is required, together with a sensitive empirical analysis. I use Thévenot’s theory of regimes of engagement as a starting point to at least partially explain this variety. Thévenot’s idea that different types of individual involvement in relation to different definitions of the relevant reality (e.g. familiarity, plans and the public domain of justification and exploration) contain interesting implications for the analysis of what I define as modes of engagement with the future. As involved as we are with social reality through specific formats, so are we with the future. As the ‘relevant reality’ is different according to the regime of engagement that we are involved in, the nature of anticipation also varies. The future is ‘made and measured’ within the logic of probability in the regime of plans; of possibility in the regime of justification; of practical anticipation in the regime of familiarity; and of discovery in the regime of exploration. This perspective helps to avoid a reification of the future as something that is ‘there’ and that we simply discover and avoids easy dichotomisation of forms of anticipation of the future as realistic or unrealistic.

scholarly journals Between Bare Life and Everyday Life : Spatializing Europe’s Migrant Camps

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irit Katz
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Refugee Camps ◽  
Bare Life ◽  
Migration Routes ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Northern France ◽  
Analytical Strategies

The migrant and refugee camps that proliferated in Europe over recent years reflect extreme, if not bipolar, architectural conditions. While fenced carceral camps with prefabricated units were created top-down by state and municipal authorities, informal makeshift camps of tents and self-made shelters were formed bottom-up along Europe’s migration routes. These contrasting spatial typologies often appear side by side in the open landscapes of rural fields, in urban landscapes at the heart or in the fringes of cities, and in the architectural landscapes of abandoned institutions and facilities such as factories, prisons, airports, and military barracks. The different ways in which camps are created, function, and are managed by multiple and changing actors and sovereignties, substantially influence the form of these spaces. So far, however, the radically different spatial typologies of the camp and the intersections between them have not been comparatively analysed. Based on empirical studies of the recently created migrant camps in Europe, this paper sets out to investigate their various configurations, what they reflect, and how they correspond with the culture and politics that shape them. While this paper mainly focuses on three particular camps in northern France – the container camp in Calais, the makeshift camp in Calais known as the “Jungle,” and La Linière camp in Grande-Synthe – it offers observations and analytical strategies relevant to camp spaces in other spaces and contexts and to camp studies more broadly.

scholarly journals They earn and send; we spend: consumption patterns of Pakistani migrant households

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 1092-1108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junaid Ahmed ◽  
Mazhar Mughal ◽  
Inmaculada Martinez-Zarzoso
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
Strong Focus ◽  
Migrant Remittances ◽  
Migrant Households ◽  
Matching Techniques ◽  
Positive Effect

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze differential consumption patterns of Pakistani migrant households resulting from foreign and domestic remittances. Design/methodology/approach Using the Working-Leser model and a number of matching techniques, the authors analyze a representative household survey carried out in 2010–2011 to compare various expenditure categories of recipient and non-recipient households across different income brackets. Findings Results show that foreign remittances lead to significant consumption changes. Contrary to the widely held view, remittances do not raise the budget share on consumer goods and recreation, while allocation on education increases substantially. Households receiving domestic remittances also reflect strong focus on human capital with significantly higher shares of health and education. Recipients of international transfers living below one dollar a day spend proportionally more on food compared with their non-recipient counterparts whereas their education and health budget shares are not dissimilar. Practical implications The positive effect of remittances on expenditures on human capital coupled with a lack of evidence suggesting an increase in the share of conspicuous spending resulting from remittances highlights the beneficial role that remittances play in a developing country. Originality/value Extant literature lacks consensus on whether migrant remittances should be treated as a temporary or permanent source of household income. In this study, the authors argue and empirically show that the two need not be mutually exclusive, and may co-exist depending on the nature of remittances and household characteristics.

scholarly journals The phenomenology of truth: The 'Aha!' experience as a heuristic in contexts of uncertainty

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruben Laukkonen ◽  
Daniel Ingledew ◽  
Benjamin Kaveladze ◽  
Jonathan Schooler ◽  
Jason Marcus Tangen
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Real Time ◽  
General Knowledge ◽  
False Beliefs ◽  
Identification Task ◽  
Implicit Processing ◽  
New Ideas

Some ideas that we have feel mundane, but others are imbued with a sense of profundity. Here we tested the possibility that humans rely on feelings of insight in order to appraise their own ideas, the source of which is often hidden from conscious view. We began by investigating the recent finding that insight experiences predict objective problem solving performance. In Experiment 1, we measured insight experiences in real-time using a dynamometer, and found that impulsive feelings of insight (and their intensity) are strong predictors of accurate solutions to problems that typically involve implicit processing. In Experiment 2, we found that this insight-accuracy effect is also robust in a sensory identification task reminiscent of everyday life. In a third experiment, we presented participants with general knowledge ‘facts’ while eliciting insight experiences at the same time using anagrams. Participants reported greater perceived truth for facts accompanied by solved anagrams and particularly those that elicited insight experiences, even if the facts were false. Taken together, the results suggest that insight phenomenology usually contains useful information about the veracity of a solution, and that humans use this feeling heuristically to appraise new ideas. However, so-called Aha! moments can be overgeneralized, and bias truth judgments regarding a temporally coincident but otherwise irrelevant fact. We conclude by discussing potential side effects of relying on phenomenology to evaluate ideas, including false beliefs and dangerous ideologies.

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