The Emergence of Distance Learning in Higher Education

2000 ◽  
pp. 143-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Howard ◽  
Richard Discenza
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Distance Education ◽  
Distance Learning ◽  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Department Of Education ◽  
Post Secondary ◽  
On Line ◽  
Education Statistics ◽  
The U.S

Although distance learning is not a new phenomenon, recently there has been a huge jump in the number of organizations offering on-line instruction. The National Center for Education Statistics released a two-year survey on distance programs for higher education on behalf of the U.S. Department of Education. The survey reported that one-third of U.S. post secondary schools offered distance education in 1995, and an additional 25% planned to offer courses within the next three years.

Distance Education

2011 ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane A. Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Distance Education ◽  
Classroom Environment ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
The United States ◽  
Department Of Education ◽  
Learning Systems ◽  
Post Secondary ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Virtual Universities

Technology-based distance education is emerging as an increasingly visible feature of post-secondary education in the United States (U.S. Department of Education, 1999). Educators have the opportunity to define, design, and manage effective and robust teaching and learning systems, programs, and courses. As distance learning becomes a serious alternative to the standard classroom environment, enormous opportunities and dilemmas present themselves for the players. This chapter examines the technology used in distance education; the type of student utilizing distance education; advantages and disadvantages for the student, the instructor, and the institution in the use of distance education; and the players involved—including higher education institutions, virtual universities, states, and consortia.

Web-Based Learning

2011 ◽  
pp. 1084-1090
Author(s):  
James O. Danenberg ◽  
Kuanchin Chen
Keyword(s):  
Distance Education ◽  
Distance Learning ◽  
Department Of Education ◽  
University Professors ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Web Based Learning ◽  
Training Courses ◽  
Audio Video ◽  
The U.S

Web-based learning (a major subcomponent of the broader term “distance learning”) is one of the tools with which education is delivered at a distance electronically. There seems to be many definitions, as well as terms, for distance learning, such as “distance education,” “distributed learning,” “remote education,” “online learning” and “Web-based learning,” which all may refer to the similar education deliverables. In the mid-1990s, the U.S. Department of Education defined distance education as “education or training courses delivered to remote off-campus location(s) via audio, video or computer technologies” (Lewis, Farris & Levin, 1999). Later in the 1990s, the American Association of University Professors (AAUP) defined distance learning as education in which “the teacher and the student are separated geographically so that face-to-face communication is absent; communication is accomplished instead by one or more technological media, most often electronic” (AAUP, 1999).

DISTANCE LEARNING AS AN ALTERNATIVE FORM OF CONTINUING EDUCATION: PROBLEMS AND TERMS OF REALISATION

2020 ◽  
pp. 87-92
Author(s):  
Сергей Александрович Грязнов
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Distance Education ◽  
Distance Learning ◽  
Continuing Education ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Educational Technologies ◽  
Alternative Form ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Classical Training ◽  
Teaching In Higher Education

Технологии меняют образ жизни и деятельность человека. Глобальная сеть Интернет облегчает быстрый доступ к полезной информации. Социальная, культурная и образовательная конкурентоспособность находятся под влиянием образовательных технологий, которые положительно влияют на стиль, продолжительность и метод обучения в высших учебных заведениях. Дистанционное образование возможно применять и как полноценную самодостаточную форму, и как дополнение к классическому обучению в аудиториях. Автор рассматривает в статье дистанционную форму обучения как альтернативу традиционной форме преподавания в вузах на время периодов самоизоляции (пандемии, сезонные карантины), а также как дополнение к традиционным формам обучения. Анализируются проблемные и положительные аспекты применения данной формы. Указаны возможные форматы обучения в условиях дистанционного образования. Выделены сильные и слабые стороны использования некоторых технологий. Technologies alter the way of living and work of a person. The Internet world network makes it easier to quickly access useful information. Social, cultural and educational competitiveness are influenced by educational technologies that positively influence the style, duration and method of education in higher education institutions. Distance education can be used as a full-fledged self-sufficient form, or as a Supplement to classical training in classrooms. The author considers distance learning as an alternative to the traditional form of teaching in higher education institutions during periods of self-isolation (pandemics, seasonal quarantines), as well as as an addition to traditional forms of education. The problem and positive aspects of using this form are analyzed. Possible formats of training in the conditions of distance education are specified. The strengths and weaknesses of the use of certain technologies are highlighted.

scholarly journals Para além da Educação a Distância: Práticas Formativas e Relacionais em um Curso de Ciências Biológicas

EAD em FOCO ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Germana Costa Paixão ◽  
Ana Ciléia Pinto Teixeira Henriques ◽  
Francisco Fábio Castelo Branco ◽  
Eloisa Maia Vidal
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
Higher Education ◽  
Distance Education ◽  
Distance Learning ◽  
Education Technology ◽  
State University ◽  
Relational Practice ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Affective Skills

As práticas de formação que incentivam o desenvolvimento das habilidades afetivas em estudantes têm sido avaliadas no contexto de ensino a distância no Brasil. O estudo tem como objetivo apresentar práticas formativas e relacionais desenvolvidas no curso de Ciências Biológicas na modalidade a distância de uma universidade estadual no Ceará. É um estudo descritivo-reflexivo em forma de estudo de caso que discute experiências em andamento, sendo estas: Monitoria Acadêmica; Vida em Foco; Ciência na Escola e Musicalizando a Biologia. As atividades têm procurado desenvolver nos alunos o espírito de colaboração e da experiência de realidade em que, em um curto espaço de tempo, estarão inseridos. Acredita-se que, dessa forma, se permite um ensino mais crítico e reflexivo, no qual novas ferramentas são oportunizadas e que podem romper a hierarquia ainda persistente entre professores e alunos. Palavras-chave: Ensino; Atitude; Educação a distância; Educação superior; Tecnologia da educação.Beyond the Distance Education: Formation and Relational Practice in a Biological Sciences CourseAbstract Training practices that encourage the development of affective skills in students have been valued in the context of distance learning (DL) in Brazil. The study aims to provide formative and relational practices developed in the course of Biological Sciences in the distance mode of a state university in Ceara. It is descriptive-reflective research in the form of case study that discusses the following ongoing experiments: Academic Monitoring; Life in Focus; Science in School and Musicalizing Biology. The activities have sought to develop in students the spirit of collaboration and the experience of reality in which they, in a short time, will be placed. It is believed that  this way allows more critical and reflective teaching, in which new tools become available for DL that will break the persistent hierarchy between teachers and students.Keywords: Teaching; Attitude; Distance education; Higher education; Education technology.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Efficiency of China’s Distance Economic Education in Force Majeure Circumstances

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 175-195
Author(s):  
Kseniia V Tsytsiura ◽  
Ganna M Romanova
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Distance Education ◽  
Distance Learning ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Economic Education ◽  
Learning Technologies ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Force Majeure ◽  
Learning Platforms ◽  
Efficiency Factors

This article focuses on the latest approaches to the effective delivery of distance education for the students of economic specialties in China’s higher education institutions in force majeure circumstances. Distance education was introduced due to the complex global epidemiological situation, unpredictable for the entire world community. The growing role and importance of distance learning in contemporary higher education overall and the education of economists in particular have been outlined. The need to use and constantly upgrade software and distance learning platforms is emphasized. The current Chinese approaches to the provision of the economists’ distance education in higher education institutions are outlined. The efficiency factors of the economists’ distance education in China’s higher education institutions were determined and substantiated. Namely, the following efficiency factors were considered: importance of approbation and implementation of the new interaction methods among the participants of the teaching and learning process, game approach application aimed at the formation of motivation of students to study, the creation and continuous modernization of the informational and educational environment of the university, the provision of a free access to up-to-date digital technology and information and communication learning technologies, the use and efficient combination of distance learning platforms in teaching disciplines, the formation of digital competence of students and teachers, as well as the openness of the colleges and university management and faculty to change. The effectiveness study of distance education provision for the students of economics was experimentally tested. The results of distance learning and teaching during the semester in force majeure circumstances were analyzed on the basis of empirical data from the students’ survey at the Department of Economics of a state-owned Chinese higher education institution. The research findings emphasize the feasibility of studying and analyzing China’s positive experience in the provision of distance learning economic education in force majeure circumstances. Recommendations for the implementation of China's experience in economists’ training in Eastern European universities were elaborated and presented.

scholarly journals The Physical Learning Environment of Online Distance Learners in Higher Education – A Conceptual Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheuk Fan Ng
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Distance Education ◽  
Online Learning ◽  
Distance Learning ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Computer Mediated Communication ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Online Distance Learning ◽  
Online Distance

Online distance learning is offered not only in post-secondary distance education institutions but in traditional universities as well. With advances in mobile and wireless technologies, completing academic studies anywhere anytime should become feasible. Research in distance education and online learning has focused on computer-mediated communication, instructional design, learner characteristics, educational technology, and learning outcomes. However, little attention has been given to where exactly learners do their learning and studying and how the physical and social aspects of the physical environment within which the online learner is physically embedded (e.g., the home) supports and constrains learning activities. In this paper, the author proposes a conceptual model for understanding the role that the physical environment plays in online distance learning in higher education, drawing on theories and research in environmental psychology, online learning, telework and mobile work, and higher education. Several gaps in research are identified, and suggestions for future research are proposed.

Understanding Different Categories of Attrition in Distance Education Program

2011 ◽  
pp. 1917-1925
Author(s):  
Seung Youn (Yonnie) Chung
Keyword(s):  
Distance Education ◽  
Distance Learning ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Or Education ◽  
Internet Technologies ◽  
Service Companies ◽  
Learning Programs ◽  
E Learning ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The U.S

Distance learning is often referred to as taking training or education courses that are either synchronously or asynchronously delivered via various media such as audio, video, or computer, especially Internet technologies in recent years. The number of corporate training programs delivered via Internet technologies (a.k.a., e-learning) has dramatically increased over the last several years. According to ASTD reports (2002, 2003), the percentage of e-learning programs delivered in the Benchmark Service companies in the U.S. increased from 8.8% of total training hours in 2000 to 10.5% in 2001. The number of distance programs offered at degree-granting educational institutions in the U.S. has also gradually increased each year. According to the National Center for Education Statistics (2003), 56% of two-year or four-year degree-granting educational institutions offered distance education (DE) courses during the 12-month 2000-2001 academic year, and during the time period, about 2.8 million students were enrolled in college-level credit-granting DE courses, the majority of which were Internet-based courses. Internet-delivered instruction has gained credibility during recent years as well. Research has shown that there seems to be no significant difference in terms of the effectiveness of instruction delivered in traditional classroom settings and the effectiveness of instruction delivered via the Internet (van Schaik, Barker & Beckstrand, 2003). Such research findings, coupled with potential benefits such as cost-effectiveness and convenience, have likely contributed to the increasing popularity of Internet-delivered distance learning programs.

Marketing Library Services to Distance Learners

2011 ◽  
pp. 1391-1398
Author(s):  
Allyson Washburn ◽  
Terri Pedersen Summey
Keyword(s):  
Distance Education ◽  
Distance Learning ◽  
Secondary Education ◽  
Academic Skills ◽  
Distance Learners ◽  
Library Services ◽  
Education Programs ◽  
Post Secondary ◽  
Research Libraries

“The ACRL Guidelines for Distance Learning Library Services (2000) assert ‘access to adequate library services and resources is essential for the attainment of superior academic skills in post-secondary education, regardless of where students, faculty, and programs are located’ ” (Nicholas and Tomeo, 2005). Additionally, the guidelines include responsibility for promotion of library services to both students and faculty in distance education programs (Association of College and Research Libraries, Distance Learning Section, 2004, p.4). As the number of distance education programs and courses grows, and as methods of delivery evolve, distance education librarians have pro-actively assumed the role of providing equitable services and resources to all distance students using the Guidelines as a framework. However, providing the services and resources accomplishes nothing if faculty and students are not aware of them. Effective marketing efforts are needed to maximize the awareness and use of library services and resources.

scholarly journals Ensino Superior à Distância a Partir da Constituição Federal de 1988: Base Normativa do Ensino Híbrido

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-39
Author(s):  
Bernadete Lema Mazzafera ◽  
Danilo Del Arco
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Distance Education ◽  
Distance Learning ◽  
Blended Learning ◽  
Hybrid Education ◽  
National Education ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Brazilian Legislation ◽  
Federal Constitution ◽  
Rules Set

As regras para a educação brasileira estão na Carta Magna e na Lei de diretrizes e base da Educação Nacional (nº 9.394/96). A base legislativa que trata da modalidade de ensino a distância são os artigos 80 e 81 da lei 9.394/96. Estes artigos são regulamentados por decretos e portarias. A partir do exposto questiona-se como a legislação brasileira regulamenta o ensino híbrido? Este estudo tem como objetivo abordar a evolução do ensino superior à distância e compreender a legislação que possibilita o ensino híbrido. Para responder ao objetivo proposto realizou-se uma revisão da legislação nacional após a Constituição Federal de 1988 (CF/88) tendo como base a hierarquia das normas disposta no artigo 59 da CF/88. Segundo o texto constitucional há uma hierarquia entre as normas jurídicas brasileiras, a Constituição Federal é a norma ápice, que deve ser respeitada pelas Leis Ordinárias criadas sob sua vigência e, consequentemente, os decretos que regulamentarem as Leis Ordinárias devem estar em consonância com estas, assim como as portarias que esclarecem os decretos devem estar em conformidade com estes, pois, nesta ordem, todas as normas, de forma hierárquica, estarão de acordo com a Constituição Federal.  O Decreto que está em vigor regulamenta o artigo 80 da Lei 9.394/96 é o de nº 9.057/2017 e as últimas portarias publicadas pelo MEC sobre ensino a distância são a de nº 2.117 de 2019 e acrescenta-se a portaria nº 343 de 2020 (específica para os tempos de pandemia).   Palavras-chave: Ensino Superior. Legislação Brasileira. Educação a Distância.   Abstract The rules for Brazilian education are in the Carta Magna and in the Law of guidelines and basis of National Education (nº 9.394 / 96). The legislative basis that deals with the distance learning modality are articles 80 and 81 of law 9.394 / 96. These articles are regulated by decrees and ordinances. Based on the above, it is questioned how Brazilian legislation regulates  blended learning? This study aims to address the evolution of higher education at a distance and understand the legislation that makes blended learning possible. In order to respond to the proposed objective, a review of national legislation was carried out after the Federal Constitution of 1988 (CF / 88) based on the hierarchy of rules set out in article 59 of CF / 88. According to the constitutional text, there is a hierarchy among the Brazilian legal norms, the Federal Constitution is the apex norm, which must be respected by the Ordinary Laws created under its validity and, consequently, the decrees that regulate the Ordinary Laws must be in line with these, as well as the ordinances that clarify the decrees must be in conformity with them, because, in this order, all rules, hierarchically, will be in accordance with the Federal Constitution. The Decree that is in force regulating article 80 of Law 9.394 / 96 is No. 9.057 / 2017 and the latest ordinance published by the MEC on hybrid education is No. 2,117 of 2019 and No. 343 of 2020 (specific for pandemic times).   Keywords: Higher Education. Brazilian legislation. Distance Education.

scholarly journals Education and Vocational Training in Kosovo, A Challenge and Objective of the 21st Century

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1970-1982
Author(s):  
Ph.D. Safet Krasniqi
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Vocational Training ◽  
Department Of Education ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Post Secondary ◽  
Radical Reform ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
The Eu

Classes in Kosovo are held in private and public educational institutions. Education in Kosovo went through very hard phases and challenges especially in the years 1990/1999 since differences and the need for change made us not entirely prepared. After the establishment of Kosovo Institutions, the Department of Education and Science (DES) was established within the Ministry of Education. The primary aim was to establish the legal and professional basis as a frontline of the reform of our education system, especially the acceptance of the Bologna processes that facilitate the radical reform of general and vocational education. This paper will address the aspects of reforming and progression of vocational secondary education, vocational schools, and correspondence to the needs of the EU market and the possibility of implementing in post-secondary and university higher education.

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