Bachelor Farmers in France

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Facchini ◽  
Raul Magni Berton
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Divorce Rate ◽  
Average Income ◽  
Choice Of Partner

This article uses some evolutionary psychological micro hypotheses to explain the high number of bachelor farmers in France. The authors argue that three factors are responsible for farmers remaining single: their low average income, the migration of females away from rural areas and a steady rise in the divorce rate. According to the theory of sexual selection, the authors can expect females for whom wealth is a criterion in their choice of partner to migrate where the average income is higher. Growth in the number of divorces further increases the scarcity of younger females. The authors then show that when the divorce rate is high, young farmers are even more affected by the phenomenon of bachelorhood.

Komparácia pro-poor rastu vo vidieckych a mestských oblastiach Indonézie

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbora Frličková
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Average Income ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Poverty And Inequality ◽  
Partial Period ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

The paper analyses construction and use of a selected indicator of pro-poor growth – the rate of pro-poor growth. It further explains the interpretation of this indicator in absolute and relative terms and indicates how economic growth affects poverty and inequality. The selected indicator is applied to the example of Indonesia and compares pro-poor growth in urban and rural areas of the country, examines regional disparities in terms of pro-poor growth for the period 1996–2019. From the absolute interpretation, pro-poor growth is observed in both urban and rural areas over the whole period. In relative terms, results of pro-poor growth for the first partial period (1996–2000) differ. While there was a relative pro-poor growth in the rural areas, there was a strong pro-poor growth in the cities with a significant decline in inequality observed (incomes of poor people increased while the average income of the whole population dropped). Indonesia achieved trickle-down growth in both rural and urban areas in two remaining periods (2000–2010 and 2010–2019).

scholarly journals Comparative Overview of the Quality of Life in Serbia and North Macedonia Analyzed According to Numbeo Database

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Dajić ◽  
Maja Staletović ◽  
Jelena Dajić
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Average Income ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
The Subject

In economic theory and practice, the term standard of living has emerged in recent decades. It was created as a suitable response to problems related to people’s lives, regional inequalities in the level of development and served as an acceptable concept for more complex valorization of development potentials, especially in rural areas. The subject of the research is a comparative analysis of the quality of life in Serbia and Northern Macedonia according to Numbeo database. The aim of this paper is to point out the importance of living standards from both economic and sociological aspects, as well as to review the position of Serbia and Northern Macedonia in relation to other countries in the region based on the analysis of collected data and research. The reason for the comparative presentation of Serbia and Northern Macedonia is that the quality of life is at an approximate level. The salary of employees in education in these countries represents an average income that is sufficient for a satisfactory quality of life. The standard of living of a country depends on a number of factors such as political factors, economic factors, demographic, environmental and cultural factors.

scholarly journals Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Penentuan Penerima Bantuan Bedah Rumah Menggunakan Metode Weighted Product Pada Kecamatan Borbor

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-117
Author(s):  
Wasindo Hutahaean ◽  
Penda Sudarto Hasugian
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Programming Language ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Average Income ◽  
Product Method ◽  
Settlement Areas ◽  
Application Design

In rural areas there are still many residents 'houses that are unfit for habitation and this is due to the factor of the standard of living of people who are still living simply and have below average income, these conditions make many residents' houses unfit for habitation that need to be repaired through assistance Home renovation. The Weighted Product method can help in making decisions, but the calculation using the Weighted Product method only produces the largest value which will be selected as the best alternative. The design of decision-making for housing renovation assistance recipients at the Housing and Settlement Areas is based on criteria, namely Indonesian citizens, below average income, belonging to a family, owning or controlling land, not having a house or owning and living in an uninhabitable house using the Weighted Product method. Application design using the programming language PHP and MySQL

Sytuacja ekonomiczna gospodarstw domowych emerytów na obszarach wiejskich w Polsce

2016 ◽  
pp. 101-115
Author(s):  
Wojciech Pizło ◽  
Ewelina Dobrzyńska
Keyword(s):  
Physical Condition ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Household Consumption ◽  
Economic Situation ◽  
Average Income ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Basic Goods ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Desk Research

The article concerns the economic situation of pensioners’ households in rural areas. The aim of the study was to diagnose and assess economic situation of pensioners in Poland, with particular emphasis on pensioners inhabiting rural district Płońsk. The study used the method of documentary, desk research and the method of diagnostic survey. The article presents the essence of household consumption. It was found that the disposable income per capita in households steadily increases. Per capita income in surveyed households was much lower than the average income of Polish pensioner. The research was conducted in three deliberately selected households of pensioners living in rural areas located in three municipalities of the district Płońsk, characterized by the highest total agricultural area (Raciąż, Baboszewo and Czerwińsk nad Wisłą). It should be noted that only thanks to the support of relatives households of pensioners are able to meet basic needs. Retirees of the surveyed households come to terms with the situation and frequent helplessness. They are trying to somehow appreciate the fact of being a pensioner, as it provides a steady income without necessity of going to work. Pensioners, due to health and physical condition, cannot take extra work, thus they make their living only thanks to their pensions. They have to make use of financial and material assistance to relatives as well as to take credits and loans. They can afford only basic goods and services only thanks to the help of their relatives.

scholarly journals Pusaka Sakinah sebagai Upaya Penurunan Angka Perceraian oleh KUA Kiaracondong dan KUA Cipeudeuy di Jawa Barat

SMART ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-155
Author(s):  
Wahidah R Bulan ◽  
Kustini Kosasih
Keyword(s):  
Program Implementation ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Goal Attainment ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Divorce Rate ◽  
Program Sustainability ◽  
The People ◽  
High Dependency

The high divorce rate encourages the Ministry of Religion to make various efforts to maintain family resilience. The Service Center Program of Sakinah Family or Program Pusat Layanan Keluarga Sakinah (Pusaka Sakinah) is one of the Ministry of Religion’s effort through the transformation of KUA’s role into a more significant in protecting Indonesian families from divorce. This article aims to get an overview of KUA's activities in implementing the Pusaka Sakinah program including the forms of innovation and initiative in pursuing program sustainability. The research method uses qualitative methode through case study type with the locus at KUA Kiaracondong representing program implementation in urban areas, and at KUA Cipeundeuy representing program implementation in rural areas. This study uses the theory of AGIL Structural Functionalism (Adaptation, Goal-attainment, Integration, Latency). This research results several findings: first, although the increasing role of KUA in facilitating the people to actualize sakinah family can be realized through the implementation of the Pusaka Sakinah program, efforts to maintain program sustainability are not an easy way due to KUA's high dependency on the institution in financing the program. Second, initiative and innovation are relatively limited because the concept of the Pusaka Sakinah program has not been understood and there has even been a misinterpretation on transforming KUA, causing disorientation, reduction, and even rejection of programs that are seen as burdensome to KUA. Third, the synergy of implementation program with similar programs carried out by other ministries and local governments is still low. In this regard, the Ministry of Religion needs to make efforts to increase the intended synergy which will also have a positive impact on the availability of resources in program implementation.

scholarly journals Trends in pesticide suicide in South Korea, 1983–2014

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun Shil Cha ◽  
Shu-Sen Chang ◽  
Yeongchull Choi ◽  
Won Jin Lee
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Divorce Rate ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Annual Percent Change ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Percent Change ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Long Term Trends

Abstract Aims Self-poisoning using pesticides is among the major methods of suicide worldwide, and accounts for one-fifth of suicides in 2006–2010 in South Korea. We investigated long-term trends in pesticide suicide rates in South Korea and factors related to these trends. Methods We calculated age-standardised rates of pesticide suicide in South Korea (1983–2014) using registered death data. We used graphical approach and joinpoint regression analysis to examine secular trends in pesticide suicide by sex, age and area, and a time-series analysis to investigate association of pesticide suicide rate with socioeconomic and agriculture-related factors. Age, period and cohort effects were examined using the intrinsic estimator method. Results Age-standardised rate of pesticide suicide fluctuated between 1983 and 2000 before it markedly increased in 2000–2003 (annual percent change 29.7%), followed by a gradual fall (annual percent change −6.3%) in 2003–2011. Following the paraquat ban (2011–2012), there was a marked reduction (annual percent change −28.2%) in 2011–2014. Trend in pesticide suicide was associated with divorce rate but not with other factors studied. Declines in pesticide suicide in 2003–2011 were most noticeable in younger groups and metropolises; by contrast, elderly adults aged 70+ living in rural areas showed an upward trend until after the 2011–2012 paraquat ban, when it turned downward. In the age–period–cohort modelling, having been born between 1938 and 1947 was associated with higher pesticide suicide rates. Conclusions Pesticide suicide trend changed substantially in South Korea over the last three decades. Effective prevention should include close monitoring of trends and strong regulations of toxic pesticides.

scholarly journals Natural reduction of Ukraine’s population: Regional dimensions of the national threat

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-310
Author(s):  
Myroslav Dnistrianskyi ◽  
◽  
József Molnár ◽  
Iryna Chaika
Keyword(s):  
Natural Population ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Divorce Rate ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
Demographic Development ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
Natural Decrease ◽  
The Social ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

A significant decline in Ukraine’s population is mainly due to its natural decrease, which began in the 1970s and 1980s in the rural areas and had been determined by the objective trends in demographic transition, the inertia effect of the demographic losses in the past and the social policy of the political regime at that time. Likewise, the social and economic crisis of the 1990s deepened the depopulation processes. In the present research, correlation analysis demonstrated a relationship between the current dimensions of natural population decline and a number of socio-demographic factors (proportion of the rural population, mean age of the population, divorce rate and the mean age at first marriage). In recent years, the effects of the demographic crisis have been particularly acute in North-eastern and Central Ukraine, due to the deepening disproportions in the age and sex structures of the population. However, in the capital of Ukraine, Kyiv, and in some western regions, the natural decrease in population is less acute because of more balanced social and demographic indicators. Although religious and ethnic factors contribute to some extent to greater natural population growth, especially in the western and south-western regions, their impact on the processes of population reproduction in Ukraine is generally not significant. To sum up, in order to stop natural population decline in Ukraine, it is important to ensure more favourable conditions for demographic development in the economic, social, informational and cultural spheres of society. Furthermore, in areas of acute demographic crisis, it is important to raise the issue of rural reconstruction involving a variety of organisational and economic mechanisms.

scholarly journals Area characteristics and admission rates of people with schizophrenia and affective disorders in a German rural catchment area

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Losert ◽  
M. Schmauß ◽  
T. Becker ◽  
R. Kilian
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Average Income ◽  
Admission Rates ◽  
Green Areas

Background.Studies in urban areas identified environmental risk factors for mental illness, but little research on this topic has been performed in rural areas.Methods.Hospital admission rates were computed for 174 rural municipalities in the catchment area of the state psychiatric hospital in Günzburg in years 2006 to 2009 and combined with structural and socio-economic data. Relationships of overall and diagnosis-specific admission rates with municipality characteristics were analysed by means of negative binomial regression models.Results.Admission rates of patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia and affective disorder combined decrease with increasing population growth, population density, average income and green areas, while admission rates are positively correlated with commuter balance, income inequality, unemployment rates and traffic areas. Admission rates for schizophrenia are negatively related to population growth, average income and agricultural areas, but positively related to mobility index, income inequality and unemployment rate. Admission rates for affective disorders are negatively related to population growth, population density, average income and green areas, while higher admission rates are correlated with commuter balance, high income inequality, unemployment rate and traffic-related areas.Conclusions.Effects of wealth, economic inequality, population density and structural area characteristics influence psychiatric admission rates also in rural areas.

Training Aides to Screen Children for Speech and Language Problems

1976 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 236-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisue Pickering ◽  
William R. Dopheide
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
School Personnel ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Speech And Language ◽  
Elementary School Age ◽  
Evaluation Procedures ◽  
Language Problems ◽  
Competency Based ◽  
Large Scale Screening

This report deals with an effort to begin the process of effectively identifying children in rural areas with speech and language problems using existing school personnel. A two-day competency-based workshop for the purpose of training aides to conduct a large-scale screening of speech and language problems in elementary-school-age children is described. Training strategies, implementation, and evaluation procedures are discussed.

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