Life Cycle Assessment of a Residential Building During Planning Stage to Forecast Its Environmental Impact

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-149
Author(s):  
Manish Sakhlecha ◽  
Samir Bajpai ◽  
Rajesh Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Lifecycle Assessment ◽  
Planning Stage ◽  
Continuous Growth ◽  
Building Components ◽  
Residential House ◽  
Growing Economy ◽  
Construction Operation

India is a rapidly growing economy witnessing continuous growth in the housing sector and living standards. The main focus of construction practices still remains on the architectural aspects of the buildings, largely unconcerned with their environmental impacts. The current thrust of concern for building sector, especially in developing countries, is to assess the environmental impact of buildings in a quantifiable way for implementing sustainable measures and achieving sustainability. Lifecycle assessment (LCA) is a comprehensive tool that is used worldwide to assess the environmental performance of any product or a process. This paper assesses the environmental impact of a residential house at planning stage on the basis of lifecycle assessment (LCA) considering various stages of building like construction, operation (for service life) and demolition, and identifies the hot-spots in the form of building components, materials, and stages.

scholarly journals Construction of All-Wood Trusses with Plywood Nodes and Wooden Pegs: A Strategy towards Resource-Efficient Timber Construction

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 2568
Author(s):  
Benjamin Kromoser ◽  
Matthias Braun ◽  
Maximilian Ortner
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Parametric Design ◽  
Gusset Plates ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Timber Construction ◽  
First Results ◽  
Building Components ◽  
Numerical Optimisation ◽  
Special Case

Timber truss systems are very efficient load-bearing structures. They allow for great freedom in design and are characterised by high material use in combination with a low environmental impact. Unfortunately, the extensive effort in design and production have made the manufacturing and application of these structures, in this day and age, a rarity. In addition, the currently mainly used steel gusset plates adversely affect the costs and environmental impact of the trusses. The authors’ goals are to optimise the design of timber trusses and to solely use wood for all building components. The two research areas, (1) optimisation of the truss geometry and (2) optimisation of the joints by using solely wood–wood connections, are addressed in this paper. The numerical optimisation strategy is based on a parametric design of the truss and the use of a genetic solver for the optimisation regarding minimal material consumption. Furthermore, first results of the tensile and compression behaviour of the chosen wood–wood connections are presented. The basic idea for the joints is to use a plywood plate as a connector, which is inserted into the truss members and fixed with wooden pegs. The housing of the new robot laboratory located at BOKU Vienna is considered a special case study for the research and serves as an accompanying example for the application of the research within the present paper.

scholarly journals What Is the Environmental Impact of Wine Entering Global Value Chains? Studying the Evolution of CO2 Emissions from the Export of Spanish Denomination of Origin Wines

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1664
Author(s):  
Juan Sebastián Castillo-Valero ◽  
Inmaculada Carrasco ◽  
Marcos Carchano ◽  
Carmen Córcoles
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Service Provision ◽  
International Markets ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Continuous Growth ◽  
Wine Trade

The continuous growth of the international wine trade and the expansion of international markets is having significant commercial, but also environmental, impacts. The benefits of vineyards in terms of ecosystem service provision are offset by the increase in CO2 emissions generated by transportation. Denominations of Origin, as quality labels, emphasise a wine’s links to the terroir, where specific elements of culture and environment merge together. However, Denominations of Origin can also have differentiating elements as regards environmental performance. Drawing on an extended multiregional input–output model applied to the Spanish Denominations of Origin with the largest presence in the international wine trade, this study shows that wines with the greatest exporting tradition are those that most reduced their carbon footprint per litre of exported wine in the period 2005–2018, thus being the most environmentally efficient.

scholarly journals ARCHITECTURAL AND DESIGN FEATURES OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS IN SAINT-PETERSBURG IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE XVIII CENTURY

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-77
Author(s):  
Svetlana G. GOLOVINA
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Residential Development ◽  
Design Features ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
Xviii Century ◽  
Residential House ◽  
Typical Solution ◽  
Main Construction

The paper presents a review of architectural and design techniques which were characteristic for residential development in the second half of the XVIII century in St. Petersburg. During that period, there was formed the urban planning, volumetric spatial and constructional structure of residential buildings, which later, in the XIX - early XX century, became a typical solution for residential development in St. Petersburg. The fi rewalled residential house was usually built along the perimeter of the possessory plot of land with an inner courtyard formed inside. The residential house consisted of a two-span front building and one-span side buildings located along the perimeter of the site. The constructional system of a residential building in the second half of the XVIII century was a vaulted-beam scheme along the longitudinal walls. The main construction structures are described, such as brick walls with subsequent fi nishing, strip stone footings based on wooden joists, roofs built on wooden batt er rafters in a cold att ic with no heating.

Evaluating the Environmental Impact Score of a Residential Building Using Life Cycle Assessment

2021 ◽  
pp. 142-159
Author(s):  
Manish Sakhlecha ◽  
Samir Bajpai ◽  
Rajesh Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Resource Depletion ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Construction Methods ◽  
Growing Economy

Buildings consume major amount of energy as well as natural resources leading to negative environmental impacts like resource depletion and pollution. The current task for the construction sector is to develop an evaluation tool for rating of buildings based on their environmental impacts. There are various assessment tools and models developed by different agencies in different countries to evaluate building's effect on environment. Although these tools have been successfully used and implemented in the respective regions of their origin, the problems of application occur, especially during regional adaptation in other countries due to peculiarities associated with the specific geographic location, climatic conditions, construction methods and materials. India is a rapidly growing economy with exponential increase in housing sector. Impact assessment model for a residential building has been developed based on life cycle assessment (LCA) framework. The life cycle impact assessment score was obtained for a sample house considering fifteen combinations of materials paired with 100% thermal electricity and 70%-30% thermal-solar combination, applying normalization and weighting to the LCA results. The LCA score of portland slag cement with burnt clay red brick and 70%-30% thermal-solar combination (PSC+TS+RB) was found to have the best score and ordinary Portland cement with flyash brick and 100% thermal power (OPC+T+FAB) had the worst score, showing the scope for further improvement in LCA model to include positive scores for substitution of natural resources with industrial waste otherwise polluting the environment.

scholarly journals Improving the Sustainability of Traditional Dwellings in Yunnan, China: Seismic Resistance Testing of Wood-frame and Earth-Built Wall Dwellings

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Bai ◽  
Jing Gao ◽  
Adrian Pitts ◽  
Yun Gao ◽  
Wenfeng Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Shaking Table ◽  
Resistance Testing ◽  
Construction Technology ◽  
Seismic Capacity ◽  
Future Design ◽  
Earthquakes In China ◽  
Building Components ◽  
Wood Frame

The Southwest provinces of China are locations with a rich variety of different dwelling design typologies based on traditional cultures and ethnic groups. In this area, the Province of Yunnan has many such dwelling types, and it is also an area with most frequent earthquakes in China. The seismic problems of housing structure must therefore be solved as part of the study on sustainable development of villages to provide relevant advice for future design options. This paper reports research, which evolved over a ten-year period that deals with the seismic capacity of residential buildings. Simulations using shaking table tests were carried out to assess the performance of traditional residential structures as well with the impacts of material modifications and the structural strengthening of common residential building components found in Yunnan. Relevant and pertinent construction technology solutions that could enhance the seismic capacity of residential buildings and act as innovative improvements for the sustainability of rural dwellings are suggested.

Numerical Assessment of Environmental Impact of Brine Discharge from a Desalination Plant on Coastal Water

2012 ◽  
Vol 188 ◽  
pp. 319-323
Author(s):  
Jian Sun ◽  
Kun Yang ◽  
Hong Li Wang ◽  
Wei Li
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
North China ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Bohai Bay ◽  
The West ◽  
Planning Stage ◽  
Desalination Plant ◽  
Numerical Assessment ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Monthly Variations

In North China, water shortage imposes constraint on economic and social development. Seawater desalination provides an effective approach to relieve this disadvantage, while this industry also accompanies with adverse environmental effects. To study the environmental impact of brine discharge from a desalination plant at the planning stage on the west coastal line of the Bohai Bay, the salinity distributions are predicted by using numerical simulation. Monthly variations of salinity distributions are given and the impacted areas are calculated. The results show that the mean area with salinity rising of 1 and 2 are about 40 and 10 square kilometers, respectively. The maximum impact areas are about 80 and 35 square kilometers respectively, which will take place in spring. The salinity variation at the inlet is predicted, which is fluctuated with the tidal oscillations, and the maximum salinity level is below 35 in this position.

Application of lifecycle assessment to Shinkansen vehicles and cross ties in Japan

2003 ◽  
Vol 217 (4) ◽  
pp. 271-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Ueda ◽  
T Miyauchi ◽  
T Tsujimura
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Environmental Load ◽  
Lifecycle Assessment ◽  
Useful Knowledge ◽  
Railway System ◽  
Effective Instrument

Recently, environmental protection has become one of the most critical concerns on a global scale. Currently, it is widely recognized that lifecycle assessment (LCA) is a very effective instrument used to evaluate the environmental impact of various products quantitatively across their whole lifecycle. A basic LCA survey of Shinkansen vehicles and cross ties was conducted as a case study for the railway system. Through this study, the following results were confirmed. For any type of vehicle, more than 95 per cent of lifecycle energy consumption (LCE) and lifecycle CO2 emission LCCO2 is attributable to vehicle running. Lightweight vehicles, reduction of running resistance and the use of regenerative brakes contribute to energy saving in vehicle running. Regarding the CO2 emission from four types of ties (wood, concrete, synthetic and steel), wood ties emit the least amount of CO2 and synthetic ties the most. When the effect throughout the lifetime is considered, however, wood ties are by no means insignificant in terms of the environmental load. As a result of this survey, useful knowledge for applying LCA to railways was obtained.

Comprehensive Assessment on the Life-Cycle Environment Impact of Railway Construction Projects

2013 ◽  
Vol 361-363 ◽  
pp. 1467-1471
Author(s):  
Wen Jie Wu ◽  
Zhong Hao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Environment Impact ◽  
Regional Environment ◽  
Huge Impact ◽  
Construction Operation

There is a huge impact of railway projects on the regional environment. A life cycle assessment (LCA) framework using quantitative methodwas developed to evaluate the environment impact of railway projects quantitatively. The railway life cycle was divided into 5 phases: survey and design, raw materials processing, construction, operation, and demolition. The life cycle environmental impact for railway project was categorized into 5 grades: great negative influence, little negative influence, no influence, little positive influence, and great positive influence. Based on the improved AHP method, a quantitative method was introduced to evaluate comprehensive environmental impact of railway projects. A railway project was analyzed as a case study. The results show that the major environment impact is occurred during the phases of operation and demolition. It is demonstrated that the method is applicable to assess the life-cycle environmental impact of railway projects.

Comprehensive Method of Energy Efficiency of Residential House

2014 ◽  
Vol 953-954 ◽  
pp. 1570-1577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taisia Olegovna Zadvinskaya ◽  
Alexandr Sergeevich Gorshkov
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Heat Energy ◽  
Domestic Heating ◽  
Comprehensive Method ◽  
Extra Charge ◽  
Heat Metering ◽  
Residential House ◽  
Heating Plant

The article describes a method of increasing the efficiency of heat energy. The method is based on installation of heat metering system and automatic controlled domestic heating plant in residential building. An example of comparative calculation of the heat input and estimation for heat energy in a typical residential building, according to different methods which are used for the calculation of extra charge by the energy supplier, in the presence of the heat metering system and automatic controlled domestic heating plant and without. Calculated payback period of the proposed activities.

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