Standardization of 5G Mobile Networks

According to Rahim Tafazolli from the University of Surrey, users can expect the “perception of infinite capacity” from the future of mobile networks. The fifth generation of mobile networks, 5G, is expected to be released in 2020 and steps up to fulfill various expectations. This article systematically reviews existing research on standardization of 5G and provides an outlook on how to continue best in the future. The review of existing literature shows areas in standardization research, like standardization from a user's perspective, that are rarely covered. In the second part, the focus shifts towards specific publications of relevant standardization organizations and stakeholders for the 5G standardization. By matching the current status of the 5G standardization with historical success factors derived in the first part, this research shows that the standardization process of 5G is on a good way but acknowledges that there is much work to do in the future.

Download Full-text

The Women’s Studies Program at the University of Jordan: Current Status and Prospects for the Future

Societies in Transition — Challenges to Women’s and Gender Studies ◽

10.1007/978-3-663-11375-1_13 ◽

2002 ◽

pp. 141-146

Author(s):

Yasmin Haddad

Keyword(s):

Women's Studies ◽

Current Status ◽

Women’S Studies ◽

The Future ◽

University Of Jordan ◽

The University

Download Full-text

The Critical Success Factors in Higher Education

University-Industry Collaboration Strategies in the Digital Era - Advances in Higher Education and Professional Development ◽

10.4018/978-1-7998-3901-9.ch005 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 84-108

Author(s):

Tuncer Asunakutlu ◽

Kemal Yuce Kutucuoglu

Keyword(s):

Higher Education ◽

Success Factors ◽

Success Factor ◽

Critical Success ◽

Ranking Systems ◽

The Future ◽

The Subject ◽

Education Administrators ◽

The University

This study reviews some of the prominent ranking systems with a view to shed more light on what may constitute a critical success factor in the field of higher education. In the first part, the ranking systems are reviewed and the key principles are explained. A brief description of how institutions use ranking information is also included. In the second part of the study, the subject of internationalization in the context of ranking systems is discussed. The main challenges of competitiveness in higher education and the increasing role of internationalization are expressed. The chapter also describes threats and opportunities for the future of higher education. This section also includes suggestions for higher education administrators. In the third part, the subject of ranking with particular focus on the university-industry collaboration and its effects on the future of higher education are discussed. The role of the industry and the changing mission of the universities in the new era are explained.

Download Full-text

5G Beyond 3GPP Release 15 for Connected Automated Mobility in Cross-Border Contexts

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s20226622 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (22) ◽

pp. 6622

Author(s):

Gorka Velez ◽

Ángel Martín ◽

Giancarlo Pastor ◽

Edward Mutafungwa

Keyword(s):

Mobile Networks ◽

Automotive Industry ◽

The European Union ◽

Automated Driving ◽

Cross Border ◽

Fifth Generation ◽

Business Perspective ◽

Communication Challenges ◽

Open Issues ◽

5G Mobile Networks

Fifth-generation (5G) mobile networks aim to be qualified as the core connectivity infrastructures to address connected automated mobility (CAM), both from a technological and from a business perspective, for the higher automation levels defined by the automotive industry. Specifically, in some territories such as the European Union the cross-border corridors have relevance, as they are the cohesive paths for terrestrial transport. Therefore, 5G for CAM applications is planned to be deployed there first. However, cross-border contexts imply paramount communication challenges, such as seamless roaming, not addressed by current technology. This paper identifies relevant future 5G enhancements, specifically those specified by Third-Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) releases beyond Release 15, and outlines how they will support the ambitions of highly automated driving in cross-border corridors. In order to conduct this study, a set of representative use cases and the related communication requirements were identified. Then, for each use case, the most relevant 5G features were proposed. Some open issues are described at the end.

Download Full-text

A Full-Duplex MAC Tailored for 5G Wireless Networks

Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing ◽

10.1155/2018/5408973 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-18

Author(s):

Lucas de Melo Guimarães ◽

Jacir Luiz Bordim

Keyword(s):

Mobile Networks ◽

Mac Protocol ◽

Full Duplex ◽

Medium Access ◽

High Data ◽

Total Transmission ◽

Fifth Generation ◽

Half Duplex ◽

5G Network ◽

5G Mobile Networks

The increasing demands for high-data rate traffic stimulated the development of the fifth-generation (5G) mobile networks. The envisioned 5G network is expected to meet its challenge by devising means to further improve spectrum usage. Many alternatives to enhance spectrum usage are being researched, such as massive MIMO, operation in mmWave frequency, cognitive radio, and the employment of full-duplex antennas. Efficient utilization of the potential of any of these technologies faces a set of challenges related to medium access control (MAC) schemes. This work focuses on MAC schemes tailored for full-duplex antennas, since they are expected to play a major role in the foreseeable 5G networks. In this context, this paper presents a MAC layer technique to improve total transmission time when full-duplex antennas are employed. Several evaluations in different scenarios are conducted to assess the proposed MAC scheme. Numerical results show that the proposed scheme provides gains up to 156% when compared to a state-of-the-art full-duplex antenna MAC protocol. Compared to traditional half-duplex antenna MAC protocols, the proposed scheme yields gain up to 412%.

Download Full-text

Critical Success Factors of the University of the Future in a Society 5.0: A Maturity Model

World Futures Review ◽

10.1177/1946756720976711 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 410-426

Author(s):

Mateus Panizzon ◽

Paulo Fernando Pinto Barcellos

Keyword(s):

Critical Success Factors ◽

Success Factors ◽

Maturity Model ◽

Critical Success ◽

Technological Gap ◽

The Future ◽

Future Challenges ◽

Strategic Perspective ◽

The University ◽

Sustainable Futures

When addressing the possible futures for the university, one can ask what the new critical success factors (CSF) are that represent the core of the University of the Future, from a strategic perspective of analysis. Considering the Society 5.0 paradigm, characterized by higher levels of uncertainty, turbulence, and balance between technology and human values, adaptation to the ecosystem becomes an essential competence. Based on the literature, considering the convergence of organizational cybernetics and biomimetics, this theoretical article proposes a set of new CSF for the University of the Future, expanding the analysis of Society 5.0 and the future challenges for universities. Additionally, proposes a maturity model with eleven dimensions and three stages to support this discussion, visioning a future scenario. This foresight approach provides new insights to think over strategic critical success factors for the university to respond to possible and sustainable futures. Reconfiguration, purpose, and digitization are capacities to address the new environment set in this Smart Society. With this analysis, strategic questions are proposed for researchers and practitioners, especially to address global and regional challenges that universities will face, particularly due to the technological gap established between countries.

Download Full-text

Total Local Dose in Hypothetical 5G Mobile Networks for Varied Topologies and User Scenarios

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app10175971 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (17) ◽

pp. 5971 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sven Kuehn ◽

Serge Pfeifer ◽

Niels Kuster

Keyword(s):

Mobile Networks ◽

Communication Systems ◽

Multiple Input Multiple Output ◽

Monte Carlo Analysis ◽

5G Networks ◽

Fifth Generation ◽

Multiple Input ◽

Input Multiple Output ◽

Network Topologies ◽

5G Mobile Networks

In this study, the total electromagnetic dose, i.e., the combined dose from fixed antennas and mobile devices, was estimated for a number of hypothetical network topologies for implementation in Switzerland to support the deployment of fifth generation (5G) mobile communication systems while maintaining exposure guidelines for public safety. In this study, we consider frequency range 1 (FR1) and various user scenarios. The estimated dose in hypothetical 5G networks was extrapolated from measurements in one of the Swiss 4G networks and by means of Monte Carlo analysis. The results show that the peak dose is always dominated by an individual’s mobile phone and, in the case of non-users, by the bystanders’ mobile phones. The reduction in cell size and the separation of indoor and outdoor coverage can substantially reduce the total dose by >10 dB. The introduction of higher frequencies in 5G mobile networks, e.g., 3.6 GHz, reduces the specific absorption rate (SAR) in the entire brain by an average of −8 dB, while the SAR in the superficial tissues of the brain remains locally constant, i.e., within ±3 dB. Data from real networks with multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) were not available; the effect of adaptive beam-forming antennas on the dose will need to be quantitatively revisited when 5G networks are fully established.

Download Full-text

GIMI: the past, the present and the future

Philosophical Transactions of The Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences ◽

10.1098/rsta.2010.0153 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 368 (1925) ◽

pp. 3891-3905 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Andrew Simpson ◽

David Power ◽

Douglas Russell ◽

Mark Slaymaker ◽

Vernon Bailey ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heterogeneous Data ◽

Current Status ◽

Healthcare Applications ◽

Future Directions ◽

University Of Oxford ◽

National Cancer Research Institute ◽

The Future ◽

Service Oriented ◽

University College London ◽

The University

In keeping with the theme of this year’s e-Science All Hands Meeting—past, present and future—we consider the motivation for, the current status of, and the future directions for, the technologies developed within the GIMI (Generic Infrastructure for Medical Informatics) project. This analysis provides insights into how some key problems in data federation may be addressed. GIMI was funded by the UK’s Technology Strategy Board with the intention of developing a service-oriented framework to facilitate the secure sharing and aggregation of heterogeneous data from disparate sources to support a range of healthcare applications. The project, which was led by the University of Oxford, involved collaboration from the National Cancer Research Institute Informatics Initiative, Loughborough University, University College London, t+ Medical, Siemens Molecular Imaging and IBM UK.

Download Full-text