The New Digital Wave of Rationalization

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-74
Author(s):  
Lambèr Royakkers ◽  
Rinie van Est
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Digital Control ◽  
New Wave ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
Public Values ◽  
Public Value ◽  
The Public ◽  
Information Processes

The new wave of digitization and the ensuing cybernetic loop lead to the fact that biological, social, and cognitive processes can be understood in terms of information processes and systems, and thus digitally programmed and controlled. Digital control offers society and the individuals in that society a multitude of opportunities, but also brings new social and ethical challenges. Important public values are at stake, closely linked to fundamental and human rights. This paper focuses on the public value of autonomy, and shows that digitization—by analysis and application of data—can have a profound effect on this value in all sorts of aspects in our lives: in our material, biological, and socio-cultural lives. Since the supervision of autonomy is hardly organized, we need to clarify through reflection and joint debate about what kind of control and human qualities we do not want to lose in the digital future.

scholarly journals Epidemics, genome editing and human rights

2021 ◽  
pp. 199-209
Author(s):  
Branislav Fabry
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Genome Editing ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Western World ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
The Public ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
The Impact

The article deals with the contemporary legal and ethical challenges, caused by coronavirus COVID-19. It analyses the reason why the western world was so much surprized by that pandemics. The text mentions the succeses of western medicine in the battle against epidemics in the 20th century and sees it as one of the reason for underestimating the public health issues in 21st century. The article also emphasizes on other contemporary threat, the antimicrobiotic resistance and the need for new legal answers to pandemics. It deals with problem of human genome editing as the central topic by creating of hereditary immunity against new viral threats. The text also mentions the risks of such new treatment and the impact on human dignity that is understood as leading value in the contemporary legal regulation on biotechnology.

scholarly journals The Open Public Value Account and Comprehensive Social Development: An Assessment of China and the United States

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 852-881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Wang ◽  
Tom Christensen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
The United States ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Public Values ◽  
Public Value ◽  
The Public ◽  
Policy Tool

Human society can be roughly divided into three spheres and each has different public values. While public values should be at the heart of public administration and social development, they are often significantly weakened by their philosophical ambiguity and immeasurability. This article seeks to clarify the nature of public values, how they are created, and how they can be measured. An open public value account is constructed as a policy tool for assessing as many public values as possible. It is used to examine the public values creation in China and the United States.

scholarly journals APAKAH FLEXIBLE PROCESS WORKFLOW BERPERAN MENENTUKAN NILAI PUBLIK?

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-88
Author(s):  
Alviony Intania ◽  
Sri Rahayu ◽  
Ratih Kusumastuti
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression ◽  
Community Participation ◽  
Public Values ◽  
Public Value ◽  
The Public ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
Capability Level

Penelitian ini mengkaji pengaruh tingkat improve situation, capability level of actors, dan flexible process workflow terhadap nilai publik. Regresi linier berganda dipergunakan sebagai metode, dengan responden terpilih adalah masyarakat yang pernah melakukan pengurusan izin dan memanfaatkan e-government di Kota Sungai Penuh. Hasil penelitian membuktikan nilai publik dari proyek e-government dipengaruhi oleh improve situation dan capability level of actors. flexible process workflow tidak dapat mempengaruhi nilai publik. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan bahwa partisipasi masyarakat dibutuhkan proyek e-government. Partisipasi ini bukan hanya dalam penggunaan tetapi sebaiknya juga pada tahap perencanaan dan pengembangan.   Abstract This study examines the effect of improve situation, capability level of actors, and flexible process workflow on public value. Multiple linear regression was used as a method, with the selected respondents being people who had done permit processing and used e-government in Sungai Penuh City. The results of the study prove that the public value of e-government projects is influenced by the improve situation and capability level of actors. flexible process workflow cannot affect public values. The results of this study found that community participation is required for e-government projects. This participation is not only in use but preferably also at the planning and development stages.

scholarly journals Creating Public Innovation Through Public Values (Public Value) Case Study In Education Department City Of Surabaya

2019 ◽  
pp. 280
Author(s):  
Supriyanto Supriyanto
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Organizational Capacity ◽  
Community Support ◽  
Visionary Leadership ◽  
Public Values ◽  
Public Value ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Leadership ◽  
Public Sector Innovation

This article will examine in depth the concept of public sector innovation, the process of creating public sector innovation and whether it is based on the public value. As a study material the author specializes in innovations created by the Surabaya City Education Office because there are seventeen innovations produced. Most innovations in the public sector are created as a reaction to a crisis when new leaders want to show that they are capable. Consequently the public sector innovation is not able to increase organizational capacity so that innovation tends to be unsustainable. Innovation will stop when the initiator is gone, so visionary leadership and innovation are needed to have compatibility with the system outside of itself and in harmony with relevant regulations and institutions. Innovation will remain sustainable without being influenced by the change of public leadership if it is sourced from public value because public innovations that are created from public values will remain strong to defend and the tendency is increased due to community support.

scholarly journals Lives rendered invisible: Bearing witness to human suffering

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mladjo Ivanovic
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Political Support ◽  
Human Suffering ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
The Public ◽  
Political Obligations ◽  
Political Reality ◽  
Public Representation ◽  
Human Rights Advocacy

<p><em>This paper explores the ethical challenges involved in the ways public representation structures our experiences of atrocities and facilitates an adequate awareness of and response towards the suffering of others. It points out that such an analysis should not exhaust itself in answering what makes public representations of human suffering ethically suspicious and intolerable, but should rather extend this task by clarifying how the public forms sentiments about their social and political reality by elucidating under which conditions public representation promotes broader political agendas. One of the central tenets of human rights advocacy is the widespread conviction that exposure to images and stories of human rights abuse has a mobilizing effect on western audience(s) whose exposure to such knowledge can motivate them to intervene and prevent future atrocities. In order to assess the basic implications of such a conviction we must answer at least three principal clusters of questions. First, how do public representations of atrocities affect individuals and their capacities to conceive and respond to social injustices and the suffering of others? Under what circumstances may agents respond effectively to shocking content? Second<strong>,</strong> how do social powers operate within the field of perception in order to control how the viewing public is affected? And how do these effects inform and galvanize political support or opposition regarding concrete historical events? Finally, what can be said about the responsibilities of visual representation? Whose agency is it that images inform, and what reforms are necessary to make representations of suffering ethically effective means to encourage better acknowledgment of individual and collective responsibilities that would motivate the public to meet its moral and political obligations? This paper ultimately suggests that in order for politically implicated images to have an immediate critical effect on individuals and their agency, they need to cultivate alternative modes of perception</em>.</p>

Big Data and the Economics of TV Broadcasting. Where is the Public Value?

MedienJournal ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 15-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Clemens Murschetz
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Public Value ◽  
The Public ◽  
Tv Broadcasting

Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht Potenziale und Risiken von Big Data für das Leitmedium Fernsehen. Er nimmt dabei eine betont kritisch-normative Perspektive aus Sicht der Medienökonomie ein und analysiert diese anhand des Beispiels Konvergenzfernsehen. Eine der vielen Dimensionen von Big Data ist nämlich die Analyse des Nutzungsverhaltens einer Vielzahl von Konsumenten. Big Data-Dienste verwenden die Analyseergebnisse nicht nur dazu, individuelle Filmempfehlungen zu geben, sondern entscheiden vielmehr darüber, welche Inhalte überhaupt in das Portfolio eines Anbieters aufgenommen bzw. produziert werden. Auch wenn diese Dienste zu einer Optimierung von TV-Vermarktung führen, ist bis heute umstritten, inwiefern Big Data auch Mehrwert für Nutzer generiert. Auf der Sollseite stehen Überwachung, die Frageder Individualisierung und Rationalisierung des Konsums und generell die Kommodifizierung des Mediums.

Private Water, Public Good

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madeline Baer
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Water Policy ◽  
Human Right ◽  
The Public ◽  
Strong State ◽  
Neoliberal Reforms ◽  
Narrow Definition ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
State Interventions

Chapter 4 provides an in-depth case study of water policy in Chile from the 1970s to present, including an evaluation of the outcomes of water policy under the privatized system from a human rights perspective. The chapter interrogates Chile’s reputation as a privatization success story, finding that although Chile meets the narrow definition of the human right to water and sanitation in terms of access, quality, and price, it fails to meet the broader definition that includes citizen participation in water management and policy decisions. The chapter argues that Chile’s relative success in delivering water services is attributable to strong state capacity to govern the water sector in the public interest by embedding neoliberal reforms in state interventions. The Chile case shows that privatization is not necessarily antithetical to human rights-consistent outcomes if there is a strong state role in the private sector.

Navigating the Ethics of Big Data in Public Health

2019 ◽  
pp. 353-367
Author(s):  
Effy Vayena ◽  
Lawrence Madoff
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Credit Card ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Public Health Research ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health Community ◽  
Digital Disease Detection ◽  
The Public Sphere

“Big data,” which encompasses massive amounts of information from both within the health sector (such as electronic health records) and outside the health sector (social media, search queries, cell phone metadata, credit card expenditures), is increasingly envisioned as a rich source to inform public health research and practice. This chapter examines the enormous range of sources, the highly varied nature of these data, and the differing motivations for their collection, which together challenge the public health community in ethically mining and exploiting big data. Ethical challenges revolve around the blurring of three previously clearer boundaries: between personal health data and nonhealth data; between the private and the public sphere in the online world; and, finally, between the powers and responsibilities of state and nonstate actors in relation to big data. Considerations include the implications for privacy, control and sharing of data, fair distribution of benefits and burdens, civic empowerment, accountability, and digital disease detection.

scholarly journals Making equal rights to health an election issue in NZ local body elections

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
P Stone ◽  
D e b Leyland
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Social Determinants Of Health ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Health Inequity ◽  
Equal Rights ◽  
The Public ◽  
Local Body

Abstract In New Zealand there are 20 district health boards (DHBs) with local elections every 3 years. There is low voter turnout for these, we suspect because the public has low cognizance of the role DHBs have in governing their health and disability system. Good governance ensures everyone whatever ethnicity, gender or sexual proclivity, from birth to old age, able or disabled, mentally well or unwell, drugfree or addicted, has equal rights of dignified access to healthcare. Without public engagement in DHB elections, the community risks having candidates elected that also don't understand their role through a preventative public health framework or human rights lens. The United Community Action Network (UCAN) developed a human rights framework and Health Charter for people driven into poverty by the costs of staying well in NZ. The framework outlines 6 social determinants of health needing protection through policy, to ensure all enjoy their rights to health. UCAN and the Public Health Association of New Zealand (PHA) partnered to raise public and the candidates' awareness during 2019 elections, of these social determinants causing inequity in health outcomes. A series of short explainer-videos were created for sharing through social media during the election build-up period, helping to promote PHA Branches' public Meet the Candidates events. Post-election, a longer film was produced to send to the elected DHB members. Our theory of change centred on spotlighting health inequity for voters, so that they would elect DHB members who had the greatest understanding and commitment to addressing this issue. With shareable videos we aimed to attract audience, raise awareness and debate the policy solutions to health inequity with candidates, enabling more informed choice amongst the voting public. Post-election, we maintain supportive relationships with the elected DHB members that promised their commitment to our Health Charter during their campaigns. Key messages Using videos and social media, local body elections provide an opportunity to promote everyone’s right to affordable healthcare, supporting and informing voter decision-making. UCAN's Health Charter is an advocacy resource for raising awareness of the social determinants of health inequity and poverty for people with mental illness, addiction and disability.

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