The (Re-)Socialization of Technical Objects in Patient Networks

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 25-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Spöhrer
Keyword(s):  
Cochlear Implant ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Deaf Children ◽  
Social Actor ◽  
Technical Object ◽  
Successful Communication ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Attachments

In this paper an effort is made to describe the processes of technical stabilization of the epistemic thing cochlear implant in certain stabilized scientific environments and the way in which such stabilizations are fortified, discoursified and medially produced. Such technical stabilizations can only be accomplished by rigorously excluding attributes of the social. However, the cochlear implant is born out of the need to enable participation in “normal” social life and is thus a thoroughly social actor attributed with certain social attachments. With the translation into patient networks, the technical object cochlear implant is re-inscribed with attributes of the social and is thus subject to destabilization, remediatization and re-socialization again. Being transferred from the stabilized context of biological and medical science, the discourses of the cochlear implant are accumulated with elements of ethical or judicial discourses in which social issues are in the foreground. This will be illustrated by analyzing certain scientific viscourses and images which are used as illustrations for the successful communication between implanted children and their parents in practical guides for parents with deaf children.

The Cochlear Implant as an Epistemic Thing

2021 ◽  
pp. 565-581
Author(s):  
Markus Spöhrer
Keyword(s):  
Cochlear Implant ◽  
Deaf Children ◽  
Technical Stability ◽  
Technical Object ◽  
Scientific Communities ◽  
Successful Communication ◽  
The Social ◽  
Scientific Fact

This chapter examines the translations and (de)stabilizations of the cochlear implant, a subcutaneous prosthesis that is subject to ethical and judicial controversies. By looking at medical, social, and scientific contexts, the CI will be described as a technical object ascribed with certain attributes providing technical stability in those contexts that treat it and practice it as a scientific fact, a “technical thing.” Scientific communities stabilize technical things by rigorously excluding attributes of the “social.” However, the CI is designed to enable participation, to “gap” the supposed “disability” of not being able to hear, attributing a certain instability to it. The chapter will theoretically and methodologically approach such processes of (de)stabilization and transformation by making use of ANT and Hans-Jörg Rheinbergers concept of technical and epistemic things. This will be illustrated by analyzing certain discourses used as illustrations for the successful communication between implanted children and their parents in practical guides for parents with deaf children.

The Cochlear Implant as an Epistemic Thing

2020 ◽  
pp. 201-217
Author(s):  
Markus Spöhrer
Keyword(s):  
Cochlear Implant ◽  
Deaf Children ◽  
Technical Stability ◽  
Technical Object ◽  
Scientific Communities ◽  
Successful Communication ◽  
The Social ◽  
Scientific Fact

This chapter examines the translations and (de)stabilizations of the cochlear implant, a subcutaneous prosthesis that is subject to ethical and judicial controversies. By looking at medical, social, and scientific contexts, the CI will be described as a technical object ascribed with certain attributes providing technical stability in those contexts that treat it and practice it as a scientific fact, a “technical thing.” Scientific communities stabilize technical things by rigorously excluding attributes of the “social.” However, the CI is designed to enable participation, to “gap” the supposed “disability” of not being able to hear, attributing a certain instability to it. The chapter will theoretically and methodologically approach such processes of (de)stabilization and transformation by making use of ANT and Hans-Jörg Rheinbergers concept of technical and epistemic things. This will be illustrated by analyzing certain discourses used as illustrations for the successful communication between implanted children and their parents in practical guides for parents with deaf children.

scholarly journals KRITIK SOSIAL BERMUATAN LOKAL BALI DALAM KUMPULAN CERITA NGUNTUL TANAH NUNULÉNGÉK LANGIT KARYA I MADE SUARSA/LOCAL BALINESE SOCIAL CRITICISTS IN THE STORIES COLLECTION OF NGUNTUL TANAH NULÉNGÉK LANGIT BY I MADE SUARSA

Aksara ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-234
Author(s):  
Ni Nyoman Tanjung Turaeni ◽  
Puji Retno Hardiningtyas
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Social Criticism ◽  
Formal Structure ◽  
The Social ◽  
Classi Cation

Abstrak Kritik sosial sebagai sebuah ide atau berbagai bentuk gagasan yang bertolak belakang dengan kenyataan yang tidak sesuai dengan tujuan dan harapan dari tatanan dalam masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan membahas aspek sosial yang meliputi struktur cerita, masalah sosial dan kritik sosial bermuatan lokal Bali yang tercermin dalam kumpulan cerita pendek berbahasa Bali Nguntul Tanah Nulengék Langit karya I Made Suarsa. Metode analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif dan teknik interpretatif. Dalam pengolahan data dilakukan tahapan klasifikasi, pendeskripsian, penerjemahan, dan penganalisisan data. Untuk mengetahui masalah sosial dan kritik sosial dalam cerpen tersebut, digunakan teori sosiologi sastra dan teori struktural untuk mengetahui struktur formal yang membangun cerita tersebut. Hasil dan pembahasan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kritik sosial yang dapat terhimpun dalam cerita tersebut adalah kritik sosial terhadap kemiskinan, kritik sosial disorganisasi keluarga dan kritik terhadap adat dan tradisi serta serta kehidupan sosial masyarakat Bali. Dengan demikian, lahirnya cerpen karya I Made Suarsa ini memperlihatkan kemegahan pariwisata, masih terdapat ketimpangan sosial dalam masyarakat Bali. Kata kunci: cerpen, kritik sosial, masalah sosial, muatan lokal Bali Abstract Social criticism as an idea or various forms of ideas that are contrary to reality is not in accordance with the goals and expectations of the order in society. This study aims to discuss the social aspects which include story structure, social issues and social criticism with local Balinese content as re ected in a collection of short stories in Balinese language “Nguntul Tanah Nulengék Langit” by I Made Suarsa. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative and note taking techniques. In data processing, the stages of classi cation, description, translation and data analysis are carried out. To nd out the social problems and social criticism in the short story, the sociology approach of Sapardi Djoko Damono’s view is used and is assisted by a structural approach to determine the formal structure that builds the story. The results of the study show that the social criticisms that can be collected in the story are social criticism of poverty, social criticism of family disorganization and criticism of customs and traditions as well as the social life of Balinese people who seem famous by tourism, but in fact there are still social inequalities in Balinese society. Keywords: social problems, social criticism, short stories 

scholarly journals Social Life-Cycle Assessment of a Piece of Jewellery. Emphasis on the Local Community

Resources ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuela D’Eusanio ◽  
Monica Serreli ◽  
Luigia Petti
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Social Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
The Social

An increasing global focus on sustainability has affected the jewellery industry by raising questions about its environmental and social impacts and ethics due to the negative impacts of gold mining. It is essential to consider the social aspects of mining activities on the socio-economic environment and the affected individuals in order to understand the sustainability of the jewellery industry in a better way. Nonetheless, this is a gap in the evaluation of the issues of jewellery in the other phases of the life cycle, observed in the literature. For these reasons, the goal of this study is to assess the social and socio-economic aspects of a piece of jewellery from the artisan’s point of view by considering the relationship between a piece of jewellery and the local community. The United National Environmental Programme/Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (UNEP/SETAC) Guidelines on Social Life-Cycle Assessment, the UNEP/SETAC Methodological Sheets and the Subcategory Assessment Method were implemented. The findings show that a piece of jewellery can play an important role in supporting the local cultural heritage by innovating the traditional product, and promoting educational activities related to the history of the product and the territory. Consequently, the local community with its historical background gives an added value to the piece of jewellery. Further research on this topic is desirable in order to improve the knowledge of this particular sector and to identify other social issues that can be involved in this product.

scholarly journals The diversity of manifestations of the social service of religious communities

2008 ◽  
pp. 70-77
Author(s):  
N. Gavrilova
Keyword(s):  
Social Service ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Social Institution ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Spiritual Values ◽  
Relevant Today ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Church

The activities of religious organizations are aimed primarily at augmenting spiritual values, but are also relevant to the needs of a person's social life. For many centuries, social issues have been important, and they remain relevant today. Right now, they are receiving special attention, because the level of social life in Ukraine is not the best. In this case, the role of the Church as a social institution is ancillary to the healing of society.

scholarly journals Literatur Review Metodologi Pembelajaran Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial (IPS)

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Febri Aris Susanto
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Science Learning ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Review Analysis ◽  
The Social ◽  
Good Learning

Social Sciences is a subject that studies and discusses social issues in society. The learning process of a subject will take place well and smoothly if the teacher in delivering the material has strategies and methods in delivering it to the students. The purpose of this article is to describe the social science learning methodology from literature review analysis. The method used is to use various literature review on the social science learning methodology. The social science is a field of study in the learning process is expected to provide students to be responsible in social life. Somesocial science learning methodologies are tailored to the conditions of students and facilities available so as to provide good learning outcomes with indicators of mastery and student learning achievement.

COST OF CARE IN TB PATIENTS, ITS SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS AND IMPACT ON MANAGEMENT OF PATIENTS

2021 ◽  
pp. 50-53
Author(s):  
Ajay Shankar ◽  
Jai Kishan Karahyla ◽  
Arshid Sofi
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Cost Of Care ◽  
Social Implications ◽  
Social Implication ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
The Social ◽  
Economically Deprived ◽  
Mean Cost ◽  
Optimum Management

Introduction: Tuberculosis is an increasing problem for the developed world, particularly among the economically deprived. TB patients have to suffer poverty because of cost of treatment as well as DALY lost. TB is not only a medical disease but it has a wider ramication on the socioeconomic as well as the psychological aspect of patient, The increasing cost of care in acts as a barrier for achieving optimum management and sometimes disproportionately affects the outcome. To study the expenses incurred Aim: by TB patients both direct and indirect, to account for the social implications of TB in the society and how it affects the management of such patients . This Hospital based study Material and Methods: including IPD and OPD patients in Respiratory Medicine of Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Science And Research, Mullana (Ambala) (Deemed to be University), using a semi structured questionnaire was used to interview the patients regarding the various expenses they had during the treatment, how it affected their social life and any complications they faced. The results were analysed with similar studies conducted previously in different countries. Results: Pre-diagnostic/diagnostic costs were Rs 2738.20 and Rs 5072 respectively. Total cost during treatment and total guardian costs were Rs 1604 and Rs 5928.57 respectively. Total mean annual income of the patients was Rs 209320 while total mean cost for TB treatment was Rs 29316.60. Of the total 100 patients, 74 went to government centres and 26 went to private for treatment, the most common reason for choosing private facilities was that it was time consuming followed by Distance to facility. 20% people sold some sort of property to nance treatment.24% people faced catastrophic costs of Tb and 77% patients who incurred catastrophic costs had some form of post treatment complications Conclusion: There are many indirects costs in TB treatment that are not accounted for, the expenses lead to catastrophic costs for the patient as well as the household. The social implication of Tb including loss of job and separation from friends spouse and family, Catastrophic patients are associated with adverse outcome and the patients had to pay over and above the treatment cost due to complications arising from tuberculosis and led to stopping of treatment in between.

Social conflicts, philosophical accumulation, and advertisements in the 21st century

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
İncilay Yurdakul
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Private Life ◽  
Information Organization ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Capitalist System ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government

Heidegger, Nietzsche, and Foucault associated the human existence with the power of questioning and action of freedom. Despite the action of freedom of human being as a being with questioning power, the society has become a surveillance community. According to Foucault, these two states are in a delicate balance. Man in a liberation act gets into a state of protesting and becomes rebellious when his/her private life and rights are threatened. The social life turns into a state of resistance and chaos with the rebellions of the poor and the other marginal groups. According to Foucault, the government has to face the new information, organization, and challenge of opinion groups. These views point to the existence of serious contradictions and conflicts in the society while looking at the society with philosophical evaluations. For example, the series of global conferences, TED, which started off with the slogan ‘Ideas Worth Spreading’, published Ads Worth Spreading list in its 3rd year. These consisted of the most effective 10 advertising films of the previous year. Advertisements provide a large spectrum from social responsibility projects to inspiring projects and from entertaining works to advertisements proposing complex ideas. In these advertisements, properties such as innovation and encouragement, etc. are rewarded.These advertisements are not the advertisements of the capitalist system which instigate over-consumption, but they are the advertisements which see the social issues, conflicts and contradictions, and emphasize and question those issues. The most powerful, well-known, and successful advertising agencies are in an elite position in these evaluations. For example, we can mention ‘Young and Rubicam’ and ‘Saatchi and Saatchi’. Another view which the advertisements studied in this paper are based on was the post-modern society evaluations of Baudrillard. He proposed the term simulation to show that the post-modern world took the place of the real and concrete as a virtual-reality. The philosopher emphasized at this point that the post-modern society became a world of images and signs. According to Baudrillard, revolution and freedom are structures that entrap the individuals in an array of simulation. Noteworthy advertisements of the advertising companies selected by The Top Consolidated Agency Net Works in 2013 by Estimated World Wide Revenues will be analyzed according to the views of the contemporary philosophy thinkers.Evaluations were made in accordance with the conflicts and contradictions in the society by approaching through the windows of concepts, ideas and designs created in the 21st century world by the creative and skilled designers of these companies.Study: was completed with the review of the literature, watching and analyzing the advertisements, and discussing and examining them through the philosophical accumulation created by the era. In this respect, the views of the expert views as well as the views of the average audience of the consumer society were included in the study.Conclusion: The study tried to answer the question “In line with the social conflict, contradiction, and changes, can advertisements be extraordinary despite being in the capitalist production system?”  Keywords: Communication, advertising, ads worth spreading, philosophy, critics, show society.

scholarly journals Looking for Sustainability Scoring in Apparel: A Review on Environmental Footprint, Social Impacts and Transparency

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3032
Author(s):  
Anabela Gonçalves ◽  
Carla Silva
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Social Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Environmental Footprint ◽  
Fashion Products ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Responsible Consumption

Sustainability has been recognized as a major concern globally since the Brudtland Report, in 1987, and further reinforced in 2015 by the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UNSDG) 2030. This paper reviews the methodologies and criteria of sustainability applied to fashion products, regarding products’ environmental footprint (environmental life cycle assessment/analysis; e-LCA), the social issues (including the social life cycle assessment/analysis; s-LCA) and the transparency in reporting sustainability. In our review we seek KPIs (key performance indicators) that allow classification of a pair of shoes or a piece of cloth on a scale from A to E, i.e., products can be compared with a benchmark and classified accordingly with a simple labelling scheme, which is easily understandable by the consumers. This approach is similar to those used to classify electrical appliances, housing energy consumption for thermal comfort, food Nutri-Scores, CO2 levels of road vehicles, and tire performance. In this review we aim to identify the initiatives and measures being put into practice by the top global fashion brands. We found that, despite the existence of GRI (global sustainability reporting initiative) standard reporting, most companies follow their own methods or others created within the industry rather than those created in the scientific community. Examples include the Higg index, the Transparency Index, and the Social Codes of Conduct (CoC). In this study, we conducted an extensive review of certification schemes and labels already applied to fashion products, and identified a multitude of labels and lack of harmonization in communicating sustainability. As result, we compiled a summary table of all criteria, methodologies, and possible KPIs that can be considered the basis for a benchmark and score of a fashion product. This topic is crucial to avoid “green washing” and a lack of transparency for the buyer’s community, i.e., business to consumer (B2C), and for the business community, i.e., business to business (B2B) relationships, which comprise a complex multi-layer supply chain of suppliers and sub-suppliers. The UNSDG 2030 “Responsible Consumption and Production” frames these efforts to facilitate standardization of KPIs in terms of structure, criteria, and their measurement. The most common KPI is environmental global warming impact (expressed as CO2eq) based on life cycle assessment/analysis (LCA) principles (established in 2000), which provide an appropriate base to monitor and benchmark products. However, in our innovative review of t-shirt e-LCA, we identified a wide range of e-LCA assumptions, relating to different boundaries, allocations, functional units, and impact categories, which represent a major challenge in benchmarking.

scholarly journals Randai as a Social Representation Minangkabau Society of the Past

Humanus ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Indrayuda Indrayuda ◽  
Marzam Marzam ◽  
Mohd. Effindi Samsudin
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Life Stories ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Social Representation ◽  
Cultural Learning ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Cultural Themes ◽  
Object Of Study

Randai Arts is a cultural heritage used by the Minangkabau community as an entertainment which is called Pamenan in Minangkabau language means game. This article will reveal the social representation of the Minangkabau people in the past through the Randai show. As part of traditional Minangkabau performance art, Randai is packaged in a comprehensive form of performance, including motion, music, literature, and theater. Usually the stories shown are about the life stories of people from the past Minangkabau community. This research is a qualitative research using ethnographic and descriptive methods. Informants were selected using the purposive sampling technique, and used complementary instruments namely interview and observation guidelines. Data was collected through interviews, direct observation, and literature studies, as well as documentation studies. The analysis was carried out by adopting ethnographic methods, namely: (1) determining the object of study; (2) conducting domain analysis; (3) conducting taxonomic analysis; (4) conducting part analysis; (5) analyzing cultural themes; and (6) interpreting and concluding. The results of the research revealed that the art of Randai has never presented a story outside of humanitarian issues, namely the story of the social problems of the Minangkabau people of the past until now. This social problem is caused by social crises that often occurred in the past, in social life in Minangkabau. The problem revolves around love, household, and social status. To be cultural learning for the audience, the social issues in the past are brought up again in the story that is delivered in the Randai show.

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