scholarly journals Carcass characteristics of feedlot-finished Nellore heifers slaughtered at different weights

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 44826
Author(s):  
Pedro Leonardo de Paula Rezende ◽  
João Restle ◽  
Ubirajara Oliveira Bilego ◽  
Juliano José de Resende Fernandes ◽  
Regis Luis Missio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Slaughter Weight ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Carcass Conformation ◽  
Set Up

Carcass and meat characteristics of 48 Nellore heifers at 24 to 30 months of age, with an initial weight of 263.4 ± 13.9 kg, were evaluated. The experiment was set up as a completely randomized design with four treatments, which consisted of four slaughter-weight classes, namely <340, 340-370, 370-400, or >400 kg. Back fat thickness was not influenced (p > 0.05) by slaughter weight in any of the forms it was expressed (mm or %), averaging 5.3 mm. Loin eye area in cm2 increased (p < 0.05) with the increase in slaughter weight. Animals slaughtered at a live weight (LW) of more than 400 kg showed better (p < 0.05) carcass conformation than the other experimental groups (9.8 points). Heifers slaughtered at over 400 kg LW had a more compact (p < 0.05) carcass (1.65 cm kg-1 cold carcass). The marbling degree of meat was lower (p < 0.05) in the animals slaughtered at less than 340 kg LW. In conclusion, cull heifers must not be slaughtered at a LW of less than 340 kg and slaughter weights greater than 400 kg have positive implications on important carcass characteristics, notably conformation and marbling.

scholarly journals Carcass characteristics of immunocastrated steers finished on diets with different energy patterns

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A.F. De Moura ◽  
D.C.A. Filho ◽  
I.L. Brondani ◽  
L.B. Pereira ◽  
G. Joner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Levels ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Marbling Score ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat Thickness ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Dietary Treatments

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of various dietary energy levels on the carcass and meat characteristics of feedlot-finished steers. A total of 27 purebred and crossbred Charolais and Nellore steers were used, with a mean initial age of 22 months and weight of 253 kg. The animals were allotted to a completely randomized design with three treatments and nine replicates each. Dietary treatments were arranged so that the average forage to concentrate ratio (FCR) was equivalent to that of a constant FCR treatment. The treatments consisted of CT (constant FCR at 60 to 40), CT5 (starting with 70: 30 FCR and finishing with 50: 50 FCR, that is, a mean overall FCR of 60: 40), and CT10 (starting with 80: 20 FCR and finishing with 40: 60, that is, a mean overall FCR of 60: 40). The dietary treatments did not affect slaughter weight, carcass weight, carcass conformation, physiological maturity, subcutaneous fat thickness, ribeye area, marbling score, and carcass measurements or the yield of commercial cuts. Chilling loss was higher in CT10 steers (2.41%) than in CT (2.26%) and CT5 (2.15%).

Comparative value of kola testa, corn-bran and rice- bran with maize for mature african giant land snail (Archachatina marginata)

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-276
Author(s):  
R.A. Hamzat ◽  
A J. Omole ◽  
B.B. Babatunde ◽  
M.O. Adejumo ◽  
O.G Longe
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Land Snail ◽  
Land Snails ◽  
The Other ◽  
Corn Bran ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Dietary Treatments

This study was designed to compare the effect of kola testa, which is rich in fibre with maize the conventional energy source and other sources of fibre such as corn bran and rice bran. A total of two hundred and forty African giant land snails (Archachatina marginata) with an average live weight of 177.69 ± 10.87g were assigned to four dietary treatments: a maize-based diet (Diet 1) served as control, in a completely randomized design. The other diets were kola testa - based (Diet 2), corn bran-based (Diet 3) and rice bran-based (Diet 4) diets. The percentage of each test ingredient and that of maize was 31.30g/100g Each treatment consisted of sixty growing snails, which were subdivided into 3 replicates of 20 snails each. The snails received the diets over a period of 20 weeks. Weight gain was significantly higher (P<0.05) for the kola testa-based diet in comparison with the corn and rice bran-based diets. Depression of magnesium and iron in the shell, flesh and fluid of snails fed corn and rice bran diets was observed. The trial revealed that kola testa-based diet compared favorably well with the corn and rice bran-based diets.

THE EFFECT OF SLAUGHTER WEIGHT ON THE CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF YORKSHIRE BARROWS AND GILTS

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. FORTIN
Keyword(s):  
Good Predictor ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Retail Trade ◽  
The Other ◽  
Weight Group ◽  
Slaughter Weight ◽  
Maximum Thickness ◽  
Yorkshire Pigs ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Index Value

Thirty-two Yorkshire pigs, 16 barrows and 16 gilts, were slaughtered at four weights (85, 92, 103 and 112 kg) to determine the effect of slaughter weight on selected carcass characteristics. The left side was divided into shoulder, loin, ham and belly for which untrimmed and trimmed weights were recorded. The effect of the new Canadian grading regulations (1978) on the index values of carcasses was determined. Fat at the shoulder (point of maximum thickness) and at the loin (point of maximum thickness) increased (P < 0.01) with slaughter weight. The response of fat thickness to the increase in slaughter weight was linear (P < 0.01) at the shoulder but non-linear at the loin. Carcasses of the 103-kg slaughter weight group had higher index value under the new regulations while in the other slaughter groups, only minor changes in the index value were observed. Dressing percentage was not affected by slaughter weight or by sex. Heavier carcasses yielded heavier trimmed and untrimmed cuts (P < 0.01). The response was linear. No influence of sex was observed. The quantity of trimmings required to meet the specifications of the retail trade also increased in a linear fashion with slaughter weight (P < 0.01) but was not influenced by sex. The weights of the four untrimmed cuts as a percent of chilled left side remained unchanged throughout the period studied. Similarly, percentages of trimmed ham, loin and shoulder were constant: 18.34, 21.00 and 21.93% of the chilled left side, respectively. Fat thickness at the loin was a relatively good predictor of percent trimmed cuts while the fat measurement at the shoulder was found to be an unreliable predictor.

scholarly journals Forage Substitution with Media Plant White Oyster Mushroom Waste Fermented to Percentage of Local Sheep Carcass

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rindu Awalia Tarigan ◽  
Tri Hesti Wahyuni ◽  
Hamdan ◽  
Iskandar Sembiring ◽  
Nurzainah Ginting
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Oyster Mushroom ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Growing Media ◽  
Slaughter Weight ◽  
Alternative Feed ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

RINDU AWALIA, 2018: “Forage Substitution with Waste Media for White Oyster Mushroom Planting Fermentation on Percentage of Carcass at Local Sheep”. Supervised by TRI HESTI WAHYUNI and HAMDAN. The study aimed to determine the percentage of carcass in local sheep given the waste of fermented white oyster mushroom growing media as an alternative feed, carried out in NamoTrasi Village, Pasar VIII, October - December 2017. Using local sheep the average initial weight was 9 ± 0.25 kg. The design used was a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 5 replications namely P0 = grass 60% + concentrate 40%. P1, P2, and P3 respectively are 45%, 30%, 15% grass, and fermented white oyster mushroom planting media waste 15%, 30%, 45% and 40% Concentrate. The results showed that the slaughter weight (kg / head) was: 13.67; 13,92; 13,81; and 13.78. Empty body weight (kg / tail): 8.98; 9,16; 9,10; and 9.01. Carcass weight (kg / head): 5.23; 5.40; 5,34; and 5.17. In the percentage of carcass (%): 58.12; 58.97; 58.52; and 57.33. So it can be concluded that the waste of fermented white oyster mushroom growing media can substitute forage as a feed for local sheep but cannot increase the percentage of carcass component.

scholarly journals Blood chemistry and relative organ weights of rabbits fed neem leaf meal based diets

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-121
Author(s):  
I. P. Ogbuewu ◽  
C. T, Ezeokeke ◽  
I. C. Okoli ◽  
M. U. Iloeje
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
Blood Chemistry ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
The Other ◽  
Organ Weights ◽  
Leaf Meal ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Blood Characteristics ◽  
Pancreas Weight

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of neem leaf meal (NLM) based diets on blood and relative organ weight characteristics of rabbits. In the first experiment, 36 rabbit bucks aged 7 to 8 months were distributed into four dietary groups, T1, T2, T3 and T4 of 9 rabbits using completely randomized design. Each group was replicated 3 times with 3 rabbits per replicate. Rabbits in T1 group were fed diet that contained 0% NLM while those in T2 T3 and T4 groups were fed diets that contained NLM at 5%, 10% and 15%, respectively for 112 days. In the second experiment, 36 rabbit does were used and experimental procedures were laid out as described in experiment 1. Blood samples for analysis, live weight and organ weights were collected from each replicate and data obtained analysed statistically. Higher (p<0.05) kidney weight was obtained for rabbit does on diets T 2 T 3 and T4. Bucks on diet T2, recorded significantly (p<0.05) higher pancreas weight than those on diet T1 diet. No significant effect (p>0.05) on haematological parameters was observed among all treatments except for MCV and neutrophils which were significantly (p<0.05) decreased in the groups fed diets T2 and T4 and diets T1 and T3 groups respectively than others. Rabbit bucks and does on diet I, recorded significantly (p<0.05) higher serum cholesterol values than those on the other diets. Serum glucose value of rabbits on diet T, was significantly (p<0.05) different from those on the other diets. Serum ALP value of rabbits on diet T4 differed significantly (p<0.05) from those on the other 3 diets with the exception of bucks on diet T4 that had similar value with those on diet T1. Addition of neem leaf meal in rabbit diets increased serum AST and ALT values but the differences were not significant (p>0.05). It was therefore concluded that up to 5% of neem leaf meal can be included in the diet of pubertal rabbits without any deleterious effects on their organs and blood characteristics.

PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF FINISHING BROILERS FED DIETS SUPPLEMENTED WITH COMBINATION OF PROBIOTICS (B. cereus) AND PREBIOTICS (MANNOSE [MOS])

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 186-194
Author(s):  
O. O. ONI ◽  
R. M. ADEBAYO ◽  
A. J. AKINDELE
Keyword(s):  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Dressing Percentage ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Positive Effect

The experiment aimed to investigate effect of combination of probiotics and prebiotics on the performance and carcass characteristics of broilers at finishing phase. A total number of 300 day-old Anak broiler chicks were used to determine the response of broiler chicks to diets supplemented with probiotics (Bacillus cereus) and prebiotics (Mannose). The chicks were randomly allotted to four treatment groups of 75 birds with 25 birds per replicate in a completely randomized design. The four dietary treatments comprised 500ppm MOS; 250ppm B. cereus + 500ppm MOS; 500ppm B. cereus + 500ppm MOS and 750ppm B. cereus + 500ppm MOS, respectively. Results showed that feed conversion ratio decreased significantly (P< 0.05) from 1.21 for groups fed det supplemented with 250ppm B. cereus + 500ppm MOS to 1.05 for groups fed with 750ppm B. cereus + 500ppm MOS  as more prebiotics were added to the probiotics. Final live weight, eviscerated weight and dressing percentage were significantly (p<0.05) influenced by combination of probiotics and prebiotics in finishing broilers. Final live weight values ranged from 2453.30g in birds fed 250ppm B. cereus + 500ppm MOS  to 2488.30g in birds fed 750ppm B. cereus  + 500ppm MOS, while eviscerated weight ranged from 1063.30g at 500ppm MOS to 1396.70g  at 750ppm B. cereus + 500ppm MOS. The same trend was observed for dressing percentage, neck, whole gizzard and liver. It was concluded that combination of probitics and prebiotics at 750ppm B. cereus + 500ppm MOS had positive effect on growth performance and carcass qualities of broilers at finishing phase.  

The effect of length of journey by road to abattoir, resting and feeding before slaughter on carcass characteristics in bacon weight pigs

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Cuthbertson ◽  
R. W. Pomeroy
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Loading And Unloading

SUMMARYThree trials were conducted to investigate the effect of length of journey by road to the abattoir, resting and feeding before slaughter on carcass characteristics of pigs of about 200 lb live weight.Trial 1 investigated feeding or no feeding on the morning of slaughter, followed by a ½-hr or 8-hr journey by lorry to the abattoir with all pigs ending their journey and being killed at the same time. Ninety-six pigs were divided equally among the four treatments and the trial was repeated with a further 108 pigs. Measurements recorded on the live pigs and their carcasses included the live weight before the imposition of treatments, weight of liver, carcass and matured sides and the composition of a sample joint. Trial 2 studied lairaging overnight with food and water after a ½-hr or 8-hr journey to the abattoir compared with these journey lengths on the morning of slaughter. Eighty pigs were divided equally among the four treatments. Similar measurements to those in trial 1 were recorded. Trial 3 involved 49 pigs applied to each of three treatments, or 7-hr journey on the day of slaughter, with all pigs finishing their journey and being slaughtered at the same time.In trial 1, pigs which travelled for 8 hr before slaughter had carcasses averaging 0·9% less than those which travelled for ½ hr, regardless of whether or not they were fed. It could not be established where this loss occurred. Liver weights were greater for those pigs which were fed and was greatest for those pigs which were fed and had the ½-hr journey. Streak thickness was found to be decreased by feeding, but was not affected by the length of the journey. No effects of the treatments were found on pH or eye-muscle colour, but the ultimate pH of the pigs fed before the 8-hr journey was lower than for the other treatments. Trial 2 pigs showed no effect of the treatments on carcass weights. Liver weights were similar on all treatments except for the treatment involving 8-hr journey followed by lairage where the liver was about 220 g (16%) heavier. The ultimate pH value was lowest among pigs which travelled 8 hr on the morning of slaughter but was similar for pigs on the other treatments. In trial 3, loss of live weight tended to increase with increasing journey length. Pigs on the 7-hr journey treatment had about 90 g (6%) more liver than those on the shorter journeys. pH1 values increased with length of journey and the longer the journey the thinner tended to be the maximum shoulder fat thickness.From the differences in the results from the three trials, notably with carcass weight, it may be inferred that the behaviour and handling of pigs during the journey and during loading and unloading, may play an important part in determining the result of the length of the journey, resting and feeding. Further work is considered necessary to study such factors.

NATURAL FEEDING OF SLUDGE WORMS (Tubifex sp.) WITH DIFFERENT FEEDING RATE ON GROWTH AND SURVIVAL RATE OF CTENOPOMA (Ctenopoma acutirostre) FISH SEEDS

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Atilah Setiawan ◽  
Muarif Muarif ◽  
Fia Sri Mumpuni
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Feeding Rate ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Feeding Frequency ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Absolute Length ◽  
Test Fish ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

The aim of this study was to determine the growth and survival rate of Ctenopoma fish seeds. This study used a completely randomized design with 3 treatments and 3 replications. The treatment in this study was a different feeding rate using natural feed of Tubifex sp  namely A (8%), B (10%), and C (12%) ). The test fish used was Ctenopoma fish seeds with an initial length of 2.40 ± 0.10 cm and an initial weight of 0.32 ± 0.05 g. Fish seeds are cultivated  for 28 days with feeding frequency twice a day. The results of research showed that the use of different feeding rate had an significantly different (P<0.05) on the specific growth  rate and absolute length growth with the best results in the treatment C. The survival rate was not significantly different between treatments (P>0.05). Key Words: Ctenopoma, feeding rate, growth, survival rate 

scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization of Yeasts from Rumen Fluids for Potential Use as Additives in Ruminant Feeding

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Chanon Suntara ◽  
Anusorn Cherdthong ◽  
Metha Wanapat ◽  
Suthipong Uriyapongson ◽  
Vichai Leelavatcharamas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Time ◽  
Cellulase Activity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pichia Kudriavzevii ◽  
Factor B ◽  
Yeast Strains ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
The Media ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a yeast strain often used to improve the feed quality of ruminants. However, S. cerevisiae has limited capacity to provide biomass when inoculated with carbon sources and a low ability to produce cellulase enzymes. Here, we hypothesized that yeast in the rumen produces a large amount of biomass and could release cellulase enzymes to break down fiber content. Therefore, the aim of this study was to screen, isolate and identify yeast from the rumen fluids of Holstein Friesian steers and measure the efficiency of biomass production and cellulase activity. A fermentation medium containing sugarcane molasses as a carbon source and urea as a nitrogen source was optimized. Two fistulated–crossbred Holstein Friesian steers averaging 350 ± 20 kg body weight were used to screen and isolate the ruminal yeast. Two experiments were designed: First, a 12 × 3 × 3 factorial was used in a completely randomized design to determine biomass and carboxymethyl cellulase activity. Factor A was the isolated yeast and S. cerevisiae. Factor B was sugarcane molasses (M) concentration. Factor C was urea (U) concentration. In the second experiment, potential yeasts were selected, identified, and analyzed for 7 × 4 factorial use in a completely randomized design. Factor A was the incubation times. Factor B was the isolated yeast strains, including codes H-Khon Kaen University (KKU) 20 (as P. kudriavzevii-KKU20), I-KKU20 (C. tropicalis-KKU20), and C-KKU20 (as Galactomyces sp.-KKU20). Isolation was imposed under aerobic conditions, resulting in a total of 11 different colonies. Two appearances of colonies including asymmetric colonies of isolated yeast (indicated as A, B, C, E, and J) and ovoid colonies (coded as D, F, G, H, I, and K) were noted. Isolated yeast from the rumen capable of providing a high amount of biomass when inoculant consisted of the molasses 15% + urea 3% (M15 + U3), molasses 25% + urea 1% (M25 + U1), molasses 25% + urea 3% (M25 + U3), and molasses 25% + urea 5% (M25 + U5) when compared to the other media solution (p < 0.01). In addition, 11 isolated biomass-producing yeasts were found in the media solution of M25 + U1. There were 4 isolates cellulase producing yeasts discovered in the media solution of M25 + U1 and M25 + U5 whereas molasses 5% + urea 1% (M5 + U1), molasses 5% + urea 3% (M5 + U3), molasses 5% + urea 5% (M5 + U5), molasses 15% + urea 1% (M15 + U1), molasses 15% + urea 3% (M5 + U3), and M25 + U3 were found with 2, 3, 1, 2, 1, and 2 isolates, respectively. Ruminal yeast strains H-KKU20, I-KKU20, and C-KKU20 were selected for their ability to produce biomass. Identification of isolates H-KKU20 and I-KKU20 revealed that those isolates belonged to Pichia kudriavzevii-KKU20 and Candida tropicalis-KKU20 while C-KKU20 was identified as Galactomyces sp.-KKU20. Two strains provided maximum cell growth: P. kudriavzevii-KKU20 (9.78 and 10.02 Log cell/mL) and C. tropicalis-KKU20 (9.53 and 9.6 Log cells/mL) at 60 and 72 h of incubation time, respectively. The highest ethanol production was observed in S. cerevisiae at 76.4, 77.8, 78.5, and 78.6 g/L at 36, 48, 60, and 72 h of incubation time, respectively (p < 0.01). The P. kudriavzevii-KKU20 yielded the least reducing sugar at about 30.6 and 29.8 g/L at 60 and 72 h of incubation time, respectively. The screening and isolation of yeasts from rumen fluids resulted in 11 different yeasts being obtained. The potential yeasts discovered in the rumen fluid of cattle were Pichia kudriavzevii-KKU20, Candida tropicalis-KKU20, and Galactomyces sp.-KKU20. P. kudriavzevii-KKU20 had higher results than the other yeasts in terms of biomass production, cellulase enzyme activity, and cell number.

scholarly journals Effect of monensin sodium associative to virginiamycin and/or essential oils on the performance of feedlot finished steers

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 261
Author(s):  
Julio Cezar Heker Junior ◽  
Mikael Neumann ◽  
Robson Kyoshi Ueno ◽  
Margarete Kimie Falbo ◽  
Sandra Galbeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Fat Thickness

The objective of this study was to evaluate the associative effect of monensin sodium to virginiamycin and/or essential oils on performance, consumption of nutrients and dry matter, apparent digestibility, feeding behavior and carcass characteristics of feedlot finished steers. The experiment lasted 106 days with 10 days of adaptation and 96-day trial, and had 32 crosses angus steers, average age 12 months and average weight of 376 kg, divided into 16 stalls, the weighing took place every 21 days and at the end of the experiment. The treatments consisted of the combination of the following additives to the diet included: Monensin sodium, 200 mg day-1 (MO); Monensin sodium, a dose of 200 mg day-1 + essential oil dose of 1.5g day-1 (MO+EO); Monensin sodium, a dose of 200 mg day-1 + virginiamycin, 200 mg day-1 (MO+VI); Monensin sodium, 200 mg day-1 + essential oil dose of 1.5g day-1 + virginiamycin day, 200 mg day-1 (MO+EO+VI), each treatment had four repetitions, where each repetitions consisted of a bay with two animals. The MO+VI association in relation to MO only increase in average daily gain (ADG) of 24.44%, 22.35%, 21.10% and 17.31% in weighing 42, 63, 84 and 96 days, similar the combination of MO+EO+VI which provided an improvement of 21.94%, 13.59%, 15.45% and 14.75% respectively in the same weightings. The daily carcass gain and carcass overall gain were higher in associations MO+VI and MO+EO+VI and provided an average gain of 16.67 kg more compared to MO and MO+EO. In the parameters feed efficiency, dry matter intake and nutrient expressed in kg day-1 and percentage of live weight were not observed differences (P > 0.05) between treatments. Data on apparent digestibility, feeding behavior and carcass characteristics did not show statistical difference between treatment, except for fat thickness which was higher when associated with any of the additives to the MO, and farm weight was higher in associations containing VI. Associating MO+VI or MO+EO+VI proved to be best in this work compared to MO+EO or only MO in the diets of steers in termination.

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