The Research on Technology of Electroless Ni-W-P Ternary Alloys Plating on the Aluminium Alloy

2011 ◽  
Vol 117-119 ◽  
pp. 1338-1342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huai Yao ◽  
Guang Lin Zhu ◽  
Meng Du
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Aluminium Alloy ◽  
Electroless Plating ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Ternary Alloys ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
To Come ◽  
Electroless Ni

To improve the surface hardness，corrosion resistance and wear resistance of the coating substrate, the ternary Ni-W-P alloy coatings were deposited on H12 aluminium alloy by electroless plating. The microstructure, phase transformation, plating velocity and hardness were investigated with X-ray diffraction technique, scanning electron microscope and differential thermal analysis. The results showed that when the PH value of electroless plating solution was 9.0 and the temperature of solution was 85°C, after 3h electroless plating, the substrate was completely covered by Ni-W-P plating, the surface was composed of uniform crystalline grains, their average diameter was about 7μm and they had no obvious defects, the contents of W reached up to 9.60%, and the hardness attained 610HV. In the temperature range of 75-90 °C, the plating rate has been increasing with temperature, when the temperature reached 90 °C, the plating rate reached as high as 13μm / h. When the temperature of heat treatment reached 336°Cfor 1h, the crystallization of Ni3P on the surface began to come into being. The maximum hardness of Ni-W-P plating was up to 920HV after heat treatment at 380 °Cfor 1h.

scholarly journals Improving Surface Properties of Inconel 600 Alloy by Electroless Ni-P Deposition

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 254-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan. H. Masallb ◽  
Kadhim F. Al-Sultani ◽  
Abdul Raheem K. Abid Ali
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Electroless Plating ◽  
Corrosion Current Density ◽  
Corrosion Current ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Coating Time ◽  
Electroless Ni

The use of electroless Ni-P plating (EN) coating has attracted a surprising interest in the most recent years. Many useful characteristics of the electroless-plating method have created many benefits in different industries such as oil, gas, electronic, automotive, aerospace, and chemical. Some of the highlighted properties of such a method are superior corrosion resistance, superior mechanical properties, and uniform thickness of the coating as well as good surface finish properties, good adhesion characteristics, and a wide range of thickness. In this paper, electroless plating has been applied in a (Ni-P) bath at two different times of 2 and 3 hr respectively. After the plating, a heat treatment at 400 °C for an hour under vacuum 10-4 torr has been done. The prepared samples were characterized by energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition, micro-hardness and corrosion rate following Tafel extrapolation in two acidic solutions (1M HCl and 1M H2SO4) were also determined. Vickers hardness values for specimens, coated by Ni -P at 2 and 3 hr have increased by 47 % and 32 % respectively. X-ray diffraction analysis for the coated surfaces showed two phases of Ni3P and NiP, presented before and after heat treatment. The SEM images of the cross sectional coated specimens revealed that the thickness of the coating is 68.43 and 92.71 µm for 2 and 3 hr coating time, respectively. Tafel analysis showed that the coated specimens had a lower corrosion current density compared to that for the bare specimens. The corrosion current density for the coated specimens in 1M H2SO4 increased by 57 % with 2 hr and 69 % at 3 hr coating time. While, the corrosion current density for the coated specimens in 1M HCl increased by 37 % and 83 % at 2 and 3 hr coating time respectively.

Moisture and Hydrogen Release in Optoelectronic Hermetic Packages

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 (1) ◽  
pp. 000061-000066
Author(s):  
M. Albarghouti ◽  
N. El Dahdah ◽  
G. Perosevic ◽  
S. Jain ◽  
J-M Papillon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Hydrogen Content ◽  
Electroless Plating ◽  
Hydrogen Release ◽  
Surface Oxides ◽  
Sims Analysis ◽  
Electroless Ni

In this work we investigated the effect of Nickel (Ni) plating process on the Hydrogen (H) and moisture content of hermetic packages such as those used in optoelectronics. The work offers an explanation of moisture formation inside hermetic packages by showing that the problem arises from the electroless plating of Ni which is found to be inherently rich in H. The effects of the Ni plating process, baking, and Au thickness on the moisture and hydrogen content of hermetic packages were thoroughly explored. It was observed that baking the package components before sealing alleviates the problem of moisture formation inside the package but it doesn't fully eliminate it. It was only after changing the Ni plating process from electroless to electrolytic that the moisture problem actually disappeared. Our investigation showed that moisture formation inside hermetic packages is due to H evolution from the electroless Ni which eventually reacts with surface oxides to form H2O. SIMS analysis of electroless and electrolytic Ni showed that electroless Ni is around ten folds richer in H compared to its electrolytic counterpart. SIMS analysis also showed that H content in electroless Ni can be significantly reduced with heat treatment.

Moisture and Hydrogen Release in Optoelectronic Hermetic Packages

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Albarghouti ◽  
N. El Dahdah ◽  
G. Perosevic ◽  
S. Jain ◽  
J.-M. Papillon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Hydrogen Content ◽  
Electroless Plating ◽  
Hydrogen Release ◽  
Surface Oxides ◽  
Sims Analysis ◽  
Electroless Ni

In this work the effect of nickel (Ni) plating process on the hydrogen (H) and moisture content of hermetic packages such as those used in optoelectronics was investigated. The work offers an explanation of moisture formation inside hermetic packages by showing that the problem arises from the electroless plating of Ni, which is found to be inherently rich in H. The effects of the Ni plating process, baking, and Au thickness on the moisture and hydrogen content of hermetic packages were thoroughly explored. It was observed that baking the package components before sealing alleviates the problem of moisture formation inside the package but does not fully eliminate it. It was only after changing the Ni plating process from electroless to electrolytic that the moisture problem actually disappeared. This investigation showed that moisture formation inside hermetic packages is due to H evolution from the electroless Ni which eventually reacts with surface oxides to form H2O. SIMS analysis of electroless and electrolytic Ni showed that electroless Ni is around 10-fold richer in H compared with its electrolytic counterpart. SIMS analysis also showed that H content in electroless Ni can be significantly reduced with heat treatment.

The Effects of Mn Addition on Microstructure and Properties in 6061 Aluminium Alloy

2011 ◽  
Vol 399-401 ◽  
pp. 1838-1842
Author(s):  
You Bin Wang ◽  
Jian Min Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Aluminium Alloy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
6061 Aluminum Alloy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
T6 Heat Treatment ◽  
Hardness Tester ◽  
Mn Content ◽  
The Mean ◽  
6061 Aluminium Alloy

The effects of Mn addition on the microstructure and hardness of 6061 aluminum alloy were studied by means of scanning electron microscope (SEM) , energy dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and hardness tester in this work. The results shows that rod and fishbone AlSiFeMn phase will be formed in the alloy with Mn addition in 6061 aluminium alloy, and the AlSiFeMn phase increases with the increasing of Mn content . By the mean of XRD, the Al4.07 Mn Si0.74 phase is found in the 6061 aluminium alloy from 0.7% to 1.5% Mn. The hardness increases with the increasing of Mn contents both for as-cast and for T6 heat treatment. However, the hardness growth rate for as-cast is much more than that for T6 heat treatment at the same Mn addition in the 6061 alloy. Mn has a little effect on the hardness for T6 heat treatment in 6061 alloy.

Preparation of Ni-Coated SiC Ceramic Composite Powder by Electroless Plating

2011 ◽  
Vol 117-119 ◽  
pp. 77-80
Author(s):  
Huai Yao ◽  
Guang Lin Zhu ◽  
Yong Zhi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Electroless Plating ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Nickel Chloride ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Basic Solution ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Deep Blue ◽  
Reaction Theory ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

As a surface technology, electroless plating is applied to almost every industry branch. To improve the wettability of SiC powder and metal, the surface of SiC powders was plated with a Ni plating in the basic solution according to the reaction theory of electroless plating. The main salting was nickel chloride, and the reducing agent was hydrazine hydrate. The plating velocity, phase transformation and microstructurewere investigated using XRD and SEM. The results show that the SiC powders had no increasing weight and no reaction can occur when the pH below 8.5. when the pH value was between 10 and 11, the weight gain of powders closed to the theoretical value, the Ni peaks in X-ray diffraction patterns of powders was relatively strong, the SiC coating surface was composed of granular, cellular and globe-like Ni, the substrate was covered of Ni plating completely. When the pH value was above 11, the gas production was becoming more pronounced and the reaction speed increasing with the increased of the pH value, the time from deep blue to colorless of solution started to drop off, the Ni(OH)2peaks in X-ray diffraction patterns of powders have already begun to emerged and a small amount of nickel films was generated.

Characteristics of Electroless Nickel-Phosphorus-Potassium Titanate Whisker Composite Coating

2012 ◽  
Vol 472-475 ◽  
pp. 70-73
Author(s):  
Ya Xu Jin ◽  
Yu Ming Tian ◽  
Qiu Shu Li
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Composite Coating ◽  
Composite Coatings ◽  
Electroless Nickel ◽  
Medium Carbon Steel ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Potassium Titanate ◽  
Steel Substrates ◽  
Electroless Ni

Electroless nickel plating with potassium titanate whisker was co-deposited on medium carbon steel substrates. The microstructure of the composite coatings was investigated. The effect of aging temperature on the microstructure of the composite coatings was studied using X-ray diffraction. The results indicate that the composite coatings will turn into crystal state with increasing heat treatment temperature. Experimental results also show that a maximum hardness is achieved for the composite coating after heat treatment at 400°C for 1 hour. The corrosion resistance and tribological properties of the composite coatings are not inferior to those of electroless Ni-P coating.

The Effect of Heat Treatment on the Microstructure of Electroless Ni–P Coatings

2011 ◽  
Vol 464 ◽  
pp. 474-477
Author(s):  
Yan Hai Cheng ◽  
Zhen Cai Zhu ◽  
Zheng Tong Han
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Electroless Plating ◽  
Heat Treatment Temperature ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Wear And Corrosion ◽  
Electroless Ni ◽  
The Relationship

In the paper, different phosphorus content Ni-P coatings was prepared by electroless plating. The microstructural changes of electroless Ni-P coatings on both as-deposited condition and heat treatment were investigated by X-ray diffractometry (XRD). The relationship between microstructure of Ni-P coatings and phosphorus content and heat treatment temperature were discussed. This conclusion provided a good theoretical basis for Ni-P coating using for wear and corrosion resistances in the technology of MEMS.

The Preparation and Growth Mechanism of Ni-Coated TiH2 Composite Powder by Electroless Plating

2013 ◽  
Vol 743-744 ◽  
pp. 353-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Qian Hou ◽  
Lai Rong Xiao ◽  
Lei Guo ◽  
Song Song Zhou ◽  
Ruo Fan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Growth Mechanism ◽  
Electroless Plating ◽  
Composite Powder ◽  
Ostwald Ripening ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Orthogonal Experiment ◽  
Layer Growth ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Powder Morphology ◽  
Technical Parameters

The Ni-coated TiH2composite powder was prepared by electroless plating and the concentration of reducing agent, reaction temperature, reaction time, PH value and so on were optimized by orthogonal experiment design. The Ni/TiH2composite powder morphology and composition was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD); the plated Ni layer growth mechanism was explored preliminary. The Optimization technical parameters: the plating temperature was 85, the pH value was 10 and the hydrazine concentration was 100ml/L. Complete coating and uniform thickness of the Ni layer with average coating thickness about 2.0μm was successfully prepared with the optimization technical parameters. The growth mechanism of the coating followed the Ostwald ripening mechanism. Compared the TiH2uncoated with Ni layers particles, the TiH2composite powder could efficiently delay the starting time of gas release by approximately 80s.

EFFECTS OF HEAT TREATMENT ON TRIBOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR OF ELECTROLESS Ni–B COATING AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURES

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (Supp01) ◽  
pp. 1850014 ◽  
Author(s):  
ARKADEB MUKHOPADHYAY ◽  
TAPAN KUMAR BARMAN ◽  
PRASANTA SAHOO
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Tribological Behavior ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Pin On Disc ◽  
Mixed Layers ◽  
Electroless Ni

The present work investigates the effects of heat treatment on friction and wear behavior of electroless Ni–B coatings at elevated temperatures. Coating is deposited on AISI 1040 steel specimens and subjected to heat treatments at 350[Formula: see text]C, 400[Formula: see text]C and 450[Formula: see text]C. Coating characterization is done using scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive X-Ray analysis and X-Ray diffraction analysis. Improvement in microhardness is observed for the heat treated deposits. Further, the effect of heat treatment on the tribological behavior of the coatings at room temperature, 100[Formula: see text]C, 300[Formula: see text]C and 500[Formula: see text]C are analyzed on a pin-on-disc setup. Heat treatment at 350[Formula: see text]C causes a significant improvement in the tribological behavior at elevated temperatures. Higher heat treatment temperatures cause deterioration in the wear resistance and coefficient of friction. The wear mechanism at 100[Formula: see text]C is observed to be predominantly adhesive along with abrasion. While at 300[Formula: see text]C, abrasive wear is seen to be the governing wear phenomenon. Formation of mechanically mixed layers is noticed at both the test temperatures of 100[Formula: see text]C and 300[Formula: see text]C for the coatings heat treated at 400[Formula: see text]C and 450[Formula: see text]C test temperature. The predominant wear mechanisms at 500[Formula: see text]C are abrasive and fatigue for as-deposited and heat treated coatings, respectively.

The Research on Coating of Electroless Ni-W-P Ternary Alloys

2011 ◽  
Vol 189-193 ◽  
pp. 373-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huai Yao ◽  
Guang Lin Zhu ◽  
Meng Du
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Citrate ◽  
Chemical Deposition ◽  
Ternary Alloys ◽  
Maximum Hardness ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Citrate Concentration ◽  
Hardness Tester ◽  
Electroless Ni ◽  
Scanning Electron

The ternary Ni-W-P alloy coatings were deposited on the surface of Q235 steel using Chemical deposition. The microstructure, phase analysis, plating velocity and hardness were investigated with scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction technique and Vickers hardness tester. The results showed that the plating rate had been increased firstly, and then decreased with the increment of sodium citrate concentration in the range of 20-80g/L, the maximum plating velocity was 9.14μm/h. The hardness of Ni-W-P plating increased first and then decreased with the increment of sodium citrate concentration, the maximum hardness was 643HV when the concentration of sodium citrate was 40g/L. When the concentration of sodium citrate was 40g/L, the substrate was completely covered by Ni-W-P plating, the surface was composed of uniform crystalline grains, and had no obvious defects and presented amorphous. The coating and substrate were relatively strong, the coating had no the phenomena of fall off and crackle in the bending and files tests when the concentration of sodium citrate was 40g/L and 50g/L respectively.

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