scholarly journals Improving Surface Properties of Inconel 600 Alloy by Electroless Ni-P Deposition

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 254-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan. H. Masallb ◽  
Kadhim F. Al-Sultani ◽  
Abdul Raheem K. Abid Ali
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Electroless Plating ◽  
Corrosion Current Density ◽  
Corrosion Current ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Coating Time ◽  
Electroless Ni

The use of electroless Ni-P plating (EN) coating has attracted a surprising interest in the most recent years. Many useful characteristics of the electroless-plating method have created many benefits in different industries such as oil, gas, electronic, automotive, aerospace, and chemical. Some of the highlighted properties of such a method are superior corrosion resistance, superior mechanical properties, and uniform thickness of the coating as well as good surface finish properties, good adhesion characteristics, and a wide range of thickness. In this paper, electroless plating has been applied in a (Ni-P) bath at two different times of 2 and 3 hr respectively. After the plating, a heat treatment at 400 °C for an hour under vacuum 10-4 torr has been done. The prepared samples were characterized by energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition, micro-hardness and corrosion rate following Tafel extrapolation in two acidic solutions (1M HCl and 1M H2SO4) were also determined. Vickers hardness values for specimens, coated by Ni -P at 2 and 3 hr have increased by 47 % and 32 % respectively. X-ray diffraction analysis for the coated surfaces showed two phases of Ni3P and NiP, presented before and after heat treatment. The SEM images of the cross sectional coated specimens revealed that the thickness of the coating is 68.43 and 92.71 µm for 2 and 3 hr coating time, respectively. Tafel analysis showed that the coated specimens had a lower corrosion current density compared to that for the bare specimens. The corrosion current density for the coated specimens in 1M H2SO4 increased by 57 % with 2 hr and 69 % at 3 hr coating time. While, the corrosion current density for the coated specimens in 1M HCl increased by 37 % and 83 % at 2 and 3 hr coating time respectively.

An experimental study on correlation between concrete resistivity and reinforcement corrosion rate

2014 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 158-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamsad Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Corrosion Current Density ◽  
Corrosion Current ◽  
Empirical Correlation ◽  
Reinforcement Corrosion ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Concrete Resistivity

Purpose – The purpose of this paper was to explore the possibility of establishing an empirical correlation between concrete resistivity and reinforcement corrosion rate utilizing the experimental data generated by measuring corrosion current density of reinforced concrete specimens subjected to chloride-induced corrosion at different levels of concrete resistivity. Design/methodology/approach – To generate concrete resistivity vs corrosion current density data in a wide range, ten reinforced concrete specimens were prepared and allowed to corrode under severe chloride exposure. After significantly corroding the specimens, they were removed from the chloride exposure and were subjected to different moisture levels for achieving variation in the resistivity of concrete so that reasonably good number of resistivity vs corrosion rate data can be obtained. Resistivity and corrosion current density tests were conducted for all the ten specimens and their values were measured in wide ranges of 0.8-65 kΩ·cm and 0.08-11 μA/cm2, respectively. Findings – Data generated through this study were utilized to obtain an empirical relationship between concrete resistivity and corrosion current density. The trend of results obtained using the empirical correlation model developed in the present study was in close agreement with that obtained using a theoretical model reported in literature. Originality/value – The empirical correlation between concrete resistivity and reinforcement corrosion rate obtained under this work can be used for evaluation of reinforcement corrosion utilizing the resistivity values measured non-destructively.

scholarly journals Effect of Current Density on the Performance of Ni–P–ZrO2–CeO2 Composite Coatings Prepared by Jet-Electrodeposition

Coatings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 616
Author(s):  
Zhaoyang Song ◽  
Hongwen Zhang ◽  
Xiuqing Fu ◽  
Jinran Lin ◽  
Moqi Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Composite Coatings ◽  
Electrochemical Corrosion ◽  
Corrosion Current ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Jet Electrodeposition ◽  
Electrochemical Corrosion Resistance

The objective of this study was to improve the surface properties, hardness, wear resistance and electrochemical corrosion resistance of #45 steel. To this end, Ni–P–ZrO2–CeO2 composite coatings were prepared on the surface of #45 steel using the jet-electrodeposition technique by varying the current density from 20 to 60 A/dm2. The effect of current density on the performance of the composite coatings was evaluated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were applied to explore the surface topography, elemental composition, hardness and electrochemical corrosion resistance of the composite coatings. The results showed that with the increase in the current density, the hardness, wear resistance, and electrochemical corrosion resistance tends to increase first and then decrease. At a current density of 40 A/dm2, the hardness reached a maximum of 688.9 HV0.1, the corrosion current reached a minimum of 8.2501 × 10−5 A·cm−2, and the corrosion potential reached a maximum of −0.45957 V. At these values, the performance of the composite coatings was optimal.

The Effect of Heat Treatment on the Microstructure of Electroless Ni–P Coatings

2011 ◽  
Vol 464 ◽  
pp. 474-477
Author(s):  
Yan Hai Cheng ◽  
Zhen Cai Zhu ◽  
Zheng Tong Han
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Electroless Plating ◽  
Heat Treatment Temperature ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Wear And Corrosion ◽  
Electroless Ni ◽  
The Relationship

In the paper, different phosphorus content Ni-P coatings was prepared by electroless plating. The microstructural changes of electroless Ni-P coatings on both as-deposited condition and heat treatment were investigated by X-ray diffractometry (XRD). The relationship between microstructure of Ni-P coatings and phosphorus content and heat treatment temperature were discussed. This conclusion provided a good theoretical basis for Ni-P coating using for wear and corrosion resistances in the technology of MEMS.

TEM Observations of the Precipitation of A2 Particles in D03 Precipitates in Fe-Si-V Alloy System

2004 ◽  
Vol 449-452 ◽  
pp. 529-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minoru Doi ◽  
Daisuke Sakai ◽  
Toshiyuki Koyama ◽  
Takao Kozakai ◽  
Tomokazu Moritani
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Cast Iron ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Electrode Potential ◽  
Corrosion Current Density ◽  
Corrosion Current ◽  
Spheroidal Graphite ◽  
Spheroidal Graphite Cast Iron ◽  
Graphite Cast Iron ◽  
The Matrix

The present study examined the effects of heat treatment and the addition of Cu-Ni alloy on the corrosion resistance of the matrix of spheroidal graphite cast iron in aqueous environments. Test materials of white cast iron and carbon steel were used for comparison with spheroidal graphite cast iron. The alloy spheroidal graphite cast iron that added Cu and Ni was prepared. The spheroidal graphite cast iron was subjected to three kinds of heat treatment to adjust the matrix: annealing, oil quenching, and austemper heat treatment. In electrochemical tests, measurements of corrosion electrode potential and cathode and anode polarization were used. The following was clarified from the relationship between the electrode potential and current density of each of the materials in each of the solution. The alloy spheroidal graphite cast iron had a high corrosion electrode potential owing to the addition of Cu-Ni, and tended to have a low corrosion current density. This demonstrates that in any of the materials having a matrix adjusted by heat treatment, the addition of Cu-Ni increased the corrosion resistance. The corrosion current density was highest in a sulfuric acid environment.

EFFECTS OF HEAT TREATMENT ON TRIBOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR OF ELECTROLESS Ni–B COATING AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURES

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (Supp01) ◽  
pp. 1850014 ◽  
Author(s):  
ARKADEB MUKHOPADHYAY ◽  
TAPAN KUMAR BARMAN ◽  
PRASANTA SAHOO
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Tribological Behavior ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Pin On Disc ◽  
Mixed Layers ◽  
Electroless Ni

The present work investigates the effects of heat treatment on friction and wear behavior of electroless Ni–B coatings at elevated temperatures. Coating is deposited on AISI 1040 steel specimens and subjected to heat treatments at 350[Formula: see text]C, 400[Formula: see text]C and 450[Formula: see text]C. Coating characterization is done using scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive X-Ray analysis and X-Ray diffraction analysis. Improvement in microhardness is observed for the heat treated deposits. Further, the effect of heat treatment on the tribological behavior of the coatings at room temperature, 100[Formula: see text]C, 300[Formula: see text]C and 500[Formula: see text]C are analyzed on a pin-on-disc setup. Heat treatment at 350[Formula: see text]C causes a significant improvement in the tribological behavior at elevated temperatures. Higher heat treatment temperatures cause deterioration in the wear resistance and coefficient of friction. The wear mechanism at 100[Formula: see text]C is observed to be predominantly adhesive along with abrasion. While at 300[Formula: see text]C, abrasive wear is seen to be the governing wear phenomenon. Formation of mechanically mixed layers is noticed at both the test temperatures of 100[Formula: see text]C and 300[Formula: see text]C for the coatings heat treated at 400[Formula: see text]C and 450[Formula: see text]C test temperature. The predominant wear mechanisms at 500[Formula: see text]C are abrasive and fatigue for as-deposited and heat treated coatings, respectively.

scholarly journals Corrosion Behavior of As-Cast Ti–10Mo–6Zr–4Sn–3Nb and Ti–6Al–4V in Hank’s Solution: A Comparison Investigation

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Jun Cheng ◽  
Jinshan Li ◽  
Sen Yu ◽  
Zhaoxin Du ◽  
Fuyu Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Oxygen Vacancies ◽  
Corrosion Potential ◽  
Corrosion Current ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Biomedical Material ◽  
Passivation Current Density ◽  
Hank’S Solution

Newly developed Ti–10Mo–6Zr–4Sn–3Nb has fascinating mechanical properties to be used as a biomedical material. However, there is still a lack of investigation focusing on the corrosion behavior of Ti–10Mo–6Zr–4Sn–3Nb. In this work, the microstructure and corrosion behavior of as-cast Ti–10Mo–6Zr–4Sn–3Nb was investigated by optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and electrochemical measurements. Hank’s solution was used as the electrolyte. A classical as-cast Ti–6Al–4V was used as reference. The results showed that Ti–10Mo–6Zr–4Sn–3Nb has a higher corrosion potential and a lower corrosion current density compared with Ti–6Al–4V, indicating better corrosion resistance. However, after applying anodic potentials, Ti–10Mo–6Zr–4Sn–3Nb shows larger passivation current density in both potentiodynamic polarization and potentiostatic polarization tests. This is because more alloying elements contained in Ti–10Mo–6Zr–4Sn–3Nb trigger the production of a larger number of oxygen vacancies, resulting in a higher flux of oxygen vacancy. This finding illustrates that the passive film on Ti–10Mo–6Zr–4Sn–3Nb is less protective compared with that on Ti–6Al–4V when applying an anodic potential in their passivation range.

scholarly journals Heat Treatment Effect in the Corrosion Resistance of the Al-Co-Mn Alloys Immersed in 3 M KOH

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
J. G. Pereyra-Hernández ◽  
I. Rosales-Cadena ◽  
R. Guardián-Tapia ◽  
J. G. González-Rodríguez ◽  
R. López-Sesenes
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Polarization Resistance ◽  
Electrochemical Techniques ◽  
Corrosion Current ◽  
Heat Treatments ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Co Concentration

Al-based alloys named M1, M2, M3, M4, and M5 doped with different atomic percentage (at%) of cobalt and manganese as cast and submitted at two heat treatments (600°C and 1100°C) were analyzed by using electrochemical techniques to evaluate their corrosion resistance immersed in 3 M KOH. With the heat treatments applied to the alloys, the sample M2 (65% Al, 20% Co, and 15% Mn) observed the highest corrosion resistance with R p values of 3.0 × 10 2 , 6.2 × 10 2 , and 1.61 × 10 3   Ω · c m 2 as cast, 600°C, and 1100°C, respectively. The latter was in agreement with the I corr calculated from the polarization curves where the values decrease based on the heat treatment applied as follows: 1.60 × 10 3 > 6.16 × 10 2 > 3.07 × 10 2   mA / c m 2 for 1100, 600, and as cast, respectively. Co concentration above 20% increases the corrosion current ( I corr ) and decreases the polarization resistance of the remain samples. The chemical analysis done with EDS and X-ray diffraction made confirmed the presence of compounds such as CoAl, Co2Al5, Co2Al9, MnAl4, and MnAl6.

scholarly journals Corrosion Behavior and Biological Activity of Micro Arc Oxidation Coatings with Berberine on a Pure Magnesium Surface

Coatings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 837
Author(s):  
Liting Mu ◽  
Zhen Ma ◽  
Jingyan Wang ◽  
Shidan Yuan ◽  
Muqin Li
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Corrosion Current Density ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Corrosion Current ◽  
Pure Magnesium ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Micro Arc Oxidation ◽  
Assembly Technology

Bone tissue repair materials can cause problems such as inflammation around the implant, slow bone regeneration, and poor repair quality. In order to solve these problems, a coating was prepared by ultrasonic micro-arc oxidation and self-assembly technology on a pure magnesium substrate. We studied the effect of berberine on the performance of the ultrasonic micro-arc oxidation/polylactic acid and glycolic acid copolymer/berberine (UMAO/PLGA/BR) coating. The chemical and morphological character of the coating was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The corrosion properties were studied by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in a simulated body fluid. The cumulative release of drugs was tested by high-performance liquid chromatography. The results indicate that different amounts of BR can seal the corrosion channel to different extents. These coatings have a self-corrosion current density (Icorr) at least one order of magnitude lower than the UMAO coatings. When the BR content is 3.0 g/L, the self-corrosion current density of the UMAO/PLGA/BR coatings is the lowest (3.14 × 10−8 A/cm2) and the corrosion resistance is improved. UMAO/PLGA/BR coatings have excellent biological activity, which can effectively solve the clinical problem of rapid degradation of pure magnesium and easy infection.

The Research on Technology of Electroless Ni-W-P Ternary Alloys Plating on the Aluminium Alloy

2011 ◽  
Vol 117-119 ◽  
pp. 1338-1342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huai Yao ◽  
Guang Lin Zhu ◽  
Meng Du
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Aluminium Alloy ◽  
Electroless Plating ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Ternary Alloys ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
To Come ◽  
Electroless Ni

To improve the surface hardness，corrosion resistance and wear resistance of the coating substrate, the ternary Ni-W-P alloy coatings were deposited on H12 aluminium alloy by electroless plating. The microstructure, phase transformation, plating velocity and hardness were investigated with X-ray diffraction technique, scanning electron microscope and differential thermal analysis. The results showed that when the PH value of electroless plating solution was 9.0 and the temperature of solution was 85°C, after 3h electroless plating, the substrate was completely covered by Ni-W-P plating, the surface was composed of uniform crystalline grains, their average diameter was about 7μm and they had no obvious defects, the contents of W reached up to 9.60%, and the hardness attained 610HV. In the temperature range of 75-90 °C, the plating rate has been increasing with temperature, when the temperature reached 90 °C, the plating rate reached as high as 13μm / h. When the temperature of heat treatment reached 336°Cfor 1h, the crystallization of Ni3P on the surface began to come into being. The maximum hardness of Ni-W-P plating was up to 920HV after heat treatment at 380 °Cfor 1h.

Influence of Heat-Treatment on High-Phosphorus Ni–P Plating Coating

2011 ◽  
Vol 337 ◽  
pp. 87-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Juan Wu ◽  
Zheng Jun Liu ◽  
Guo De Li
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Wear Testing ◽  
Thermal Shock Test ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Hardness Tester ◽  
High Phosphorus ◽  
Electroless Ni

The high-phosphorus electroless Ni–P plating coating with 11.64 at.% was prepared by electroless technology. By means of x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, the morphologies and phase structures of coating were analyzed. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of coating were studied by micro-hardness tester and universal friction-wear testing machine. The results reveal that, with increasing heat-treatment temperatures, the hardness and the wear resistance of the coating are enhanced increasingly. Treated by 1 hour at 500 oC, the hardness and the wear resistance both display a optimum value, i.e. 1004 HV and 1.5×10-3g, respectively. The thermal shock test suggests that between coating and matrix exist a perfect cohesion.

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