Preparation and Application Study of Nano-Sized Organic Bentonite Used for Composite Flame Retardant

2012 ◽  
Vol 217-219 ◽  
pp. 268-271
Author(s):  
Shu Guang Liu ◽  
Zhen Yi Zhang ◽  
Hui Peng ◽  
Xu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Polyamide 6 ◽  
Polybutylene Terephthalate ◽  
Application Study ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Screw Extrusion ◽  
Organic Bentonite

Nono-sized organic bentonite (OMMT) was synthesized through intercalation modification process with organic phosphorus flame retardant (Cyagard RF-1) and quaternary ammonium salt (CTAB). Composite materials of polybutylene terephthalate (PBT)/OMMT, Polyamide-6 (PA6)/OMMT was prepared by a double screw extrusion. The flame retardancy and mechanical properties of these materials were characterized. Nano-sized OMMT has large interlayer spacings and good dispersion after modification. In compared with PBT and PA6, composite materials of PBT/OMMT and PA6/OMMT had high tensile strength, bending strength and notched impact strength, while their elongation decreased after addition of nano-sized OMMT, the limiting oxygen index ( LOI ) and UL94 vertical combustion of OBT/OMMT and PA6/OMMT composite materials with dosage of 3 wt% OMMT decreased slightly, in comparison with these composite metarials containing constant amounts of flame retardant.

Self-Extinguishing and Non-Drip Flame Retardant Polyamide 6 Nanocomposite: Mechanical, Thermal, and Combustion Behavior

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Wu ◽  
Rogelio Ortiz ◽  
Renan De Azevedo Correa ◽  
Mourad Krifa ◽  
Joseph H. Koo
Keyword(s):  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Polymer Matrix ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Polyamide 6 ◽  
Twin Screw Extrusion ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Combustion Behavior ◽  
Screw Extrusion ◽  
Twin Screw

AbstractIncorporation of flame-retardant (FR) additives and nanoclay fillers into thermoplastic polymers effectively suppresses materials flammability and melt dripping behavior. However, it largely affects other properties, such as toughness and ductility. In order to recover the lost toughness and ductility of flame retardant polyamide 6, various loadings of maleic anhydride modified SEBS elastomer were added and processed by twin screw extrusion. TEM images showed exfoliated nanoclay platelets and reveals that the clay platelets well dispersed in the polymer matrix. By balancing the ratio of flame retardants, nanoclay and elastomers, formulation with elongation at break as high as 76% was achieved. Combining conventional intumescent FR and nanoclay, UL-94 V-0 rating and the LOI value as high as 32.2 were achieved. In conclusion, effective self-extinguishing and non-drip polyamide 6 nanocomposite formulations with significant improvement in toughness and ductility were achieved.

Effect of chicken feather and boron compounds as filler on mechanical and flame retardancy properties of polymer composite materials

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 1029-1036 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Kuru ◽  
A Akpinar Borazan ◽  
M Guru
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Casting Process ◽  
Natural Fibre ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Filling Materials ◽  
Boron Minerals

Sustainable utilisation of solid waste has been influenced by the increasing population of the world. Benefits of using solid waste based on natural fibre in polymer material are biodegradability and cost effectiveness. In poultry farms, chicken poultry, one of the slaughterhouse wastes is confronted with 30 106 kg of waste per year in Turkey. The evaluation of this waste, which is quite rich in keratin, is extremely important both for the solution of the waste problem and for maintaining a clean environment, bringing this valuable material to the economy. These fibres are stable, durable and biodegradable because they have a crystalline structure. However, this valuable waste will have a positive effect when used together with boron minerals, which both increase the mechanical properties, flame retardancy and biodegradation of composite material. In this study, it is the aim to manufacture superior polyester-based composite materials reinforced with three kinds of boron minerals, such as boron oxide, borax pentahydrate, borax decahydrate and fibres recycled from waste chicken feathers. The effect of different filling ratios of filling materials on the mechanical and physical properties of composite materials was examined. Flame retardancy properties of the composites with best mechanical results were investigated. After pouring by means of the pre-casting process, the water absorption and swelling thickness of final products, as well as density, bending strength, flexural modulus, limiting oxygen index, thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscope analysis, was performed. Mixing prescriptions and conditions with the best properties were determined.

Fabrication and Study of Abandoned Glass Fiber/Polypropylene Flame-Retardant Fiberboard

2012 ◽  
Vol 204-208 ◽  
pp. 3994-3997
Author(s):  
Li Hua Lv ◽  
Min Zuo ◽  
Xing Gen Su
Keyword(s):  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Magnesium Hydroxide ◽  
Hot Pressing ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Pressing Pressure ◽  
Range Analysis ◽  
Pressing Method ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index

In this paper, flame-retardant fiberboard was prepared by blend mastication and hot-pressing method, using abandoned glass fiber and polypropylene as raw materials and magnesium hydroxide as flame-retardant reagent. The optimized processing conditions were concluded through orthogonal experiment and the range analysis: magnesium hydroxide mass fraction 25% , polypropylene mass fraction 70% , hot-pressing temperature 180, hot-pressing pressure 10 Mpa. Under these conditions, properties of fiberboard were as follow: tensile strength 20.55 Mpa , bending strength 30.98 Mpa , impact strength 3.65 Mpa , limiting oxygen index 28.2%.

Fabrication and Mechanical Properties Analysis of Flame-Retardant Fiberboards Made of Abandoned Flax Fibers and Polyurethanes

2012 ◽  
Vol 627 ◽  
pp. 892-895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Hua Lv ◽  
Min Zuo ◽  
Chun Yan Wei ◽  
Xiao Wang ◽  
Ke Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Hot Pressing ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Range Analysis ◽  
Pressing Temperature ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Flax Fibers ◽  
Pressing Time

In this paper, abandoned flax fibers were adopted as reinforcing materials, polyurethane particles were adopted as matrix materials. Through blend mastication and hot-pressing methods to exploit flame-retardant fiberboards, which were made of abandoned flax fibers and polyurethanes. This paper explored the mechanical properties and flame-retardant property.Tensile strength, bending strength and impact strength were selected as mechanical properties' test index, limiting oxygen index was selected as flame-retardant property's test index. Abandoned flax fibers mass fraction, hot-pressing temperature, hot-pressing time and flame-retardant mass fraction acted as level of factor. The optimized processing conditions were concluded through orthogonal experiment and the range analysis: abandoned flax fibers mass fraction 45%, hot-pressing temperature 170°C, hot-pressing time 6 min, flame-retardant mass fraction 10%. This paper studied the solution of the abandoned fibers’ reuse. At the same time, it provided theoretical guidance for the further development of flame- retardant polyurethane fiberboard.

scholarly journals Effect of Thermal Conductive Fillers on the Flame Retardancy, Thermal Conductivity, and Thermal Behavior of Flame-Retardant and Thermal Conductive Polyamide 6

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 4114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Wang ◽  
Wenbo Shi ◽  
Yuliang Mai ◽  
Bing Liao
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Polyamide 6 ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Conductive Fillers ◽  
Ul 94 ◽  
The Impact

In this work, polyamide 6 (PA6) composites with improved flame retardancy and thermal conductivity were prepared with different thermal conductive fillers (TC fillers) such as aluminum nitride (AlN) and boron nitride (BN) in a PA6 matrix with aluminum diethylphosphinate (AlPi) as a fire retardant. The resultant halogen-free flame retardant (HFFR) and thermal conductive (TC) PA6 (HFFR-TC-PA6) were investigated in detail with a mechanical property test, a limiting oxygen index (LOI), the vertical burning test (UL-94), a cone calorimeter, a thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The morphology of the impact fracture surface and char residue of the composites were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was found that the thermal conductivity of the HFFR-TC-PA6 composite increased with the amount of TC fillers. The TC fillers exerted a positive effect for flame retardant PA6. For example, the HFFR-TC-PA6 composites with the thickness of 1.6 mm successfully passed the UL-94 V-0 rating with an LOI of more than 29% when the loading amount of AlN-550RFS, BN-SW08 and BN-NW04 was 30 wt%. The morphological structures of the char residues revealed that TC fillers formed a highly integrated char layer surface (without holes) during the combustion process, as compared to that of flame retardant PA6/AlPi composites. In addition, the thermal stability and crystallization behavior of the composites were studied.

Preparation and characterizations of flame retardant melamine cyanurate/polyamide 6 composite fibers via in situ polymerization

2016 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 561-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Li ◽  
Yunzhi Lin ◽  
Kai Sha ◽  
Ru Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Melt Spinning ◽  
Cyanuric Acid ◽  
In Situ Polymerization ◽  
Polyamide 6 ◽  
Composite Fibers ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Melamine Cyanurate

To improve the flame retardancy of polyamide 6 (PA6) fibers, melamine cyanurate (MCA)/PA6 composites were synthesized via in situ polymerization of ɛ-caprolactam in the presence of adipic acid-melamine salt and cyanuric acid-hexane diamine salt. The flame retardant MCA/PA6 composite fibers were prepared by melt spinning. The structure and properties of MCA/PA6 composites and MCA/PA6 composite fibers were studied by Fourier transform infrared spectra, X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, tensile tests, vertical burning tests (UL94) and limiting oxygen index (LOI) tests. Experimental results indicated that the MCA/PA6 composites loaded with 8 wt% of additives can achieve UL94 V-0 rating with an LOI value of 29.3%. The tenacity at break of PA6 fiber decreased from 4.85 to 3.11 cN·dtex–1 for MCA/PA6-8 composite fiber. However, the MCA/PA6 composite fibers can effectively suppress the propagation of flame in fabric. This means that the in situ polymerization approach paves the way for the preparation of MCA/PA6 composites that have good spinnability and flame retardancy.

scholarly journals Performance comparison of four kinds of straw/PLA/PBAT wood plastic composites

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 2596-2604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianan Feng ◽  
Weixing Zhang ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Chunxia He
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Corn Straw ◽  
Polybutylene Terephthalate ◽  
Molding Process ◽  
Initial Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Soybean Straw ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Utilizing four kinds of straw fibers (sorghum, rice, corn, and soybean) as filling fibers, polylactic acid (PLA) and poly (adipic acid)/polybutylene terephthalate (PBAT) in a mixture (7:3) were used as matrix to prepare composite materials by a hot pressing molding process. The mechanical properties, and thermal stability of the four fiber-filled composites were evaluated. The composites had high interfacial quality and no obvious voids. The soybean straw/PLA/PBAT composite had the best interfacial quality. PLA/PBAT-based composite materials were examined. The experimental results show that the soybean straw/PLA/PBAT composite had the best tensile strength, bending strength, and impact strength (14.3 MPa, 19.5 MPa and 3.23 KJ·m-2, respectively), which was 25.3%, 14.6%, and 27.8% higher than that of the corn straw/PLA/PBAT composite. The thermal stability of the corn straw/PLA/PBAT composite was the best, with an initial decomposition temperature of 286 °C, and the residual amount was 7.3%.

Preparation and Characterization of Soybean Oil-based Flame Retardant Rigid Polyurethane Foams Containing Phosphaphenanthrene Groups

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 760-771
Author(s):  
Qirui Gong ◽  
Niangui Wang ◽  
Kaibo Zhang ◽  
Shizhao Huang ◽  
Yuhan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Rigid Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Degradation Activation Energy ◽  
Ft Ir

A phosphaphenanthrene groups containing soybean oil based polyol (DSBP) was synthesized by epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) and 9,10-dihydro-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO). Soybean oil based polyol (HSBP) was synthesized by ESO and H2O. The chemical structure of DSBP and HSBP were characterized with FT-IR and 1H NMR. The corresponding rigid polyurethane foams (RPUFs) were prepared by mixing DSBP with HSBP. The results revealed apparent density and compression strength of RPUFs decreased with increasing the DSBP content. The cell structure of RPUFs was examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM) which displayed the cells as spherical or polyhedral. The thermal degradation and flame retardancy of RPUFs were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis, limiting oxygen index (LOI), and UL 94 vertical burning test. The degradation activation energy (Ea) of first degradation stage reduced from 80.05 kJ/mol to 37.84 kJ/mol with 80 wt% DSBP. The RUPF with 80 wt% DSBP achieved UL94 V-0 rating and LOI 28.3. The results showed that the flame retardant effect was mainly in both gas phase and condensed phase.

scholarly journals The Preparation, Thermal Properties, and Fire Property of a Phosphorus-Containing Flame-Retardant Styrene Copolymer

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Sun ◽  
Yazhen Wang ◽  
Li Liu ◽  
Tianyuan Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Phosphorus Containing ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ft Ir Spectroscopy

A 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene 10-oxide (DOPO) acrylate, (6-oxidodibenzo [c,e][1,2] oxaphosphinin-6-yl) methyl acrylate (DOPOAA), has been prepared. Copolymers of styrene (St) and DOPOAA were prepared by emulsion polymerization. The chemical structures of copolymers containing levels of DOPOAA were verified using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy. The thermal properties and flame-retardant behaviors of DOPO-containing monomers and copolymers were observed using thermogravimetric analysis and micro calorimetry tests. From thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), it was found out that the T5% for decomposition of the copolymer was lower than that of polystyrene (PS), but the residue at 700 °C was higher than that of PS. The results from micro calorimetry (MCC) tests indicated that the rate for the heat release of the copolymer combustion was lower than that for PS. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) for combustion of the copolymer rose with increasing levels of DOPOAA. These data indicate that copolymerization of the phosphorus-containing flame-retardant monomer, DOPOAA, into a PS segment can effectively improve the thermal stability and flame retardancy of the copolymer.

New sustainable flame retardant DOPO-NH-functionalized polyamide 6 and filament yarn

2021 ◽  
pp. 130760
Author(s):  
Marija Čolović ◽  
Jelena Vasiljević ◽  
Žiga Štirn ◽  
Nataša Čelan Korošin ◽  
Matic Šobak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Polyamide 6 ◽  
Filament Yarn
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