Promoting Usage of Effective Rainfall in Pond Irrigation System

2013 ◽  
Vol 479-480 ◽  
pp. 1086-1094
Author(s):  
Ray Shyan Wu ◽  
Shan Feng Yu ◽  
Shih Wei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Return Flow ◽  
Effective Rainfall ◽  
Reservoir Water ◽  
Farm Ponds ◽  
Water Demands ◽  
Harvesting Method ◽  
Rainwater Runoff ◽  
Agriculture Water

The pond irrigation system, which was developed in the early twentieth century, is an effective rainfall harvesting method that exploits geographical features to overcome hydrologic disadvantages. The concept of the pond irrigation system is to reserve excess rainwater runoff in farm ponds that act as small reservoirs supplying water to farmlands during the drought periods. This study aimed to promote the pond irrigation systems in the Tao-Yuan area. The irrigation system model developed in this study shows how agriculture water demand in a region can be fulfilled by adjusting system dynamics of waterways such as canals, river weirs, and farm ponds. This water demands can be met in 2 ways: (1) deep-ponding irrigation and (2) adjusting the backup storage ratio of farm ponds between up- and down-stream areas. Our analytical results showed that deep-ponding irrigation could be used to effectively harvest rainfall to reduce agricultural water demands from the Shih-Men Reservoir and increase the amount of water reserved for farming purposes. Furthermore, in our model, during drought periods and/or when the reservoir water supply is inadequate, the backup water storage ratio in the downstream regions is greater than that in the upstream regions, such that water in upper ponds is reduced and the storage capacity of lower ponds is increased to store more return flow from upstream.

scholarly journals Solar powered smart irrigation system

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viswanatha V
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Photovoltaic Cells ◽  
Gain Control ◽  
Continuous Extraction ◽  
Reservoir Water ◽  
Op Amp ◽  
System P ◽  
Wet Condition ◽  
Solar Powered

In the field of agriculture, use of proper method of irrigation is important because the  main reason is the lack of rains and scarcity of land reservoir water. The continuous extraction of water from earth is reducing the water level due to which lot of land is coming slowly in the zones of  un-irrigated land. Another very important reason of this is due to unplanned use of water due to which a significant amount of water goes waste. The system derives power from solar energy through photovoltaic cells. Hence, dependency on erratic commercial power is not required. In this paper we use solar energy which is used to operate the irrigation pump. The circuit comprises of sensor parts built using op-amp IC. Op-amp’s are configured here as a comparator. Two stiff  probes are inserted in the soil to sense whether the soil is wet  or dry. A microcontroller is used to control the whole system by monitoring the sensors and when sensors sense dry condition of soil, then microcontroller will send command to relay driver IC the contacts of which are used to switch on the motor and it will switch off the motor when the soil is in wet condition. The microcontroller does the above job as it receives the signal from the sensors through the output of the comparator, and these signals operate which is stored in ROM of the microcontroller. The condition of the pump i.e., ON/OFF is displayed on a 16X2 LCD which is interfaced to the microcontroller. Further it can be enhanced in future by interfacing it with a GSM modem to gain control over the switching operation of the motor.

scholarly journals PV Based Automatic Irrigation System

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 21-30
Author(s):  
M. Sreenivasulu Naik
Keyword(s):  
Water Conservation ◽  
Single Channel ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Reservoir Water ◽  
Moisture Sensor ◽  
Soil Moisture Sensor ◽  
World Energy ◽  
Human Effort ◽  
Solar Powered

Abstract: In Because of the lack of rains and scarcity of land reservoir water, proper irrigation methods are critical in the field of agriculture. The continuous extraction of water from the earth is lowering the water level, causing a lot of land to slowly come into the unirrigated zones. Another important reason for this is because of unplanned water use, which wastes a significant amount of water. This automatic plant irrigation system is used for this purpose. Solar energy is used to power the system via photovoltaic cells. As a result, there is no need to rely on erratic commercial power. In this digital age, we demand that everything around us be automated, reducing human effort. Electronic circuits are becoming more prevalent, making life easier and simpler in today's world. Energy and water scarcity are two major issues that everyone is dealing with these days. As a result, energy and water conservation are required. The goal is to create a solar-powered prototype that will automatically irrigate the field. Consider how convenient it will be to be able to focus on your next task while your field is being irrigated automatically and at a low cost. No worries about underirrigation or over-irrigation, water waste or expensive electricity, or your busy schedule. Keywords: Arduino Uno-Soil Moisture Sensor Submersible Water Pump - Single Channel Relay - Solar Panel - LCD Display - Buzzer - IDE

Optimization of Released Water from the Dez Dam for Supply of Water Demands in the Downstream of Dam

2011 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
pp. 187-190
Author(s):  
Arash Adib ◽  
Iman Ahmadeanfar ◽  
Meysam Salarijazi ◽  
Mojtaba Labibzadeh ◽  
Mohammad Vaghefi
Keyword(s):  
Normal Condition ◽  
Damage Function ◽  
Agricultural Water ◽  
Reservoir Water ◽  
Reservoir Volume ◽  
Water Demands ◽  
South West ◽  
Drinkable Water ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Better Than

For supplying of water demands in the downstream of dams, optimization of released water from reservoir of dam is necessary. Released water from reservoir is related to discharge of inflow to reservoir, volume of evaporation from reservoir and storage of reservoir. Water demands are includes of drinkable water and agricultural water demand. If released water from reservoir is less than water demands in a month, this month will be a defeat. After a defeat, reservoir must return to normal condition in order to supply of water demands in next months. For minimize the number of defeats and maximize return ability of reservoir to normal condition, a suitable method must be applied for optimization of volume of released water from reservoir. In this research, two optimum methods (SDP method and GA method) were applied for minimize the number of defeats and maximize return ability of reservoir to normal condition. For this purpose, reservoir of the Dez dam was considered in this research. The Dez dam locates in the south-west of Iran on the Dez River. At the end, it is observed that GA method can minimize the number of defeats and maximize return ability of reservoir to normal condition better than SDP method. But SDP method can minimize damage function better than GA method.

scholarly journals A Novel ArcGIS Toolbox for Estimating Crop Water Demands by Integrating the Dual Crop Coefficient Approach with Multi-Satellite Imagery

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Ramírez-Cuesta ◽  
José Mirás-Avalos ◽  
José Rubio-Asensio ◽  
Diego Intrigliolo
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Mean Squared Error ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Crop Coefficient ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Irrigation Season ◽  
Agricultural Field ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Water Demands ◽  
Crop Coefficients

Advances in information and communication technologies facilitate the application of complex models for optimizing agricultural water management. This paper presents an easy-to-use tool for determining crop water demands using the dual crop coefficient approach and remote sensing imagery. The model was developed using Python as a programming language and integrated into an ArcGIS (geographic information system) toolbox. Inputs consist of images from satellites Landsat 7 and 8, and Sentinel 2A, along with data for defining crop, weather, soil type, and irrigation system. The tool produces a spatial distribution map of the crop evapotranspiration estimates, assuming no water stress, which allows quantifying the water demand and its variability within an agricultural field with a spatial resolution of either 10 m (for Sentinel) or 30 m (for Landsat). The model was validated by comparing the estimated basal crop coefficients (Kcb) of lettuce and peach during an irrigation season with those tabulated as a reference for these crops. Good agreements between Kcb derived from both methods were obtained with a root mean squared error ranging from 0.01 to 0.02 for both crops, although certain underestimations were observed resulting from the uneven crop development in the field (percent bias of −4.74% and −1.80% for lettuce and peach, respectively). The developed tool can be incorporated into commercial decision support systems for irrigation scheduling and other applications that account for the water balance in agro-ecosystems. This tool is freely available upon request to the corresponding author.

scholarly journals Hyper-Nutrient Enrichment Status in the Sabalan Lake, Iran

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 2874
Author(s):  
Roohollah Noori ◽  
Elmira Ansari ◽  
Yong-Wook Jeong ◽  
Saber Aradpour ◽  
Mohsen Maghrebi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Enrichment ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Reservoir Water ◽  
P Deficiency

Lakes/reservoirs are rapidly deteriorating from cultural eutrophication due to anthropogenic factors. In this study, we aimed to (1) explore nutrient levels in the Sabalan dam reservoir (SDR) of northwest Iran, (2) determine the reservoir water fertility using the total phosphorus (TP)based and total nitrogen (TN)based Carlson trophic state indices, and (3) specify primary limiting factors for the reservoir eutrophication. Our field observations showed a state of hyper-nutrient enrichment in the SDR. The highest variation of TN in the reservoir water column happened when the reservoir was severely stratified (in August) while the highest variation of TP took place when the thermocline was attenuated with the deepening of the epilimnion (in October). Both TP and TN based trophic indicators classified the SDR as a hypereutrophic lake. TN:TP molar ratio averaged at the epilimnion indicated a P–deficiency in the reservoir during warm months whilst it suggested a co–deficiency of P and N in cold months. Given the hyper-nutrient enrichment state in the reservoir, other drivers such as water residence time (WRT) can also act as the main contributor of eutrophication in the SDR. We found that WRT in the SDR varied from hundreds to thousands of days, which was much longer than that of other reservoirs/lakes with the same and even much greater storage capacity. Therefore, both hyper-nutrient enrichment and WRT mainly controlled eutrophication in the reservoir. Given time consuming and expensive management practices for reducing nutrients in the watershed, changes in the SDR operation are suggested to somewhat recover its hypereutrophic state in the short-term. However, strategic long-term recovery plans are required to reduce the transition of nutrients from the watershed to the SDR.

scholarly journals An experimental study on the grape orchard: Effects comparison of two irrigation systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharad J. Kadbhane ◽  
Vivek L. Manekar
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Canal Water ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Canal Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation Method ◽  
Water Demands ◽  
Farm Pond ◽  
Berry Size

Abstract Table grape (Vitis vinifera cultivars) is a major cash crop in the Nashik district of India, which requires irrigation water throughout the year as per demand instantly. Canal irrigation is the adopted irrigation systems in the study area, but canal irrigation has got several serious disadvantages, such as mismatching rotation schedules and crop water demands, water allotment system and restrictions on the use of efficient irrigation methods. The storing the canal water in the farm pond instead of directly applying to the field using the free flooding method is alternate solution to overcome the disadvantages of the canal irrigation system. Once the canal water storing in the pond, it increases the possibilities to use the advance irrigation system like drip, subsurface, sprinkler etc. to enhance water use efficiency. The comparative study between the canal water directly applying for the field and canal water storing in the farm pond then use for irrigation, executed through the field experiments carried out on the grape orchard during a period April 2013 to March 2016. Results have been evaluated based on grape yield, water-productivity, berry size, and biomass. Water productivity (kg·m-3) with respect to water delivery to crop through the pond irrigation method was found 37% higher than the canal irrigation method during the study period. Based on the results, this study recommended the use of the farm pond to store the canal water and use it as per crop demand using advance irrigation systems.

scholarly journals Desain Embung Berbantu Komputer Di Kali Sabi Kota Tangerang Banten

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-136
Author(s):  
Moch Ridwan Widiansyah ◽  
Budi Indra Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Return Period ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Rainfall Data ◽  
Effective Rainfall ◽  
Flood Discharge ◽  
The City

The problem of flooding in the city of Tangerang is a problem that requires further treatment. Improper management of water resources is one of the factors that cause flooding which results in losses for the community.The activity carried out as an effort to prevent floods is the creation of water retention. The purpose of this research is to know the flood discharge in Kali Sabi, know volume that must be accommodate, determine the capacity for water retention, produce an effective technical water retention design, and obtain an estimated cost of making the water retention. This research was conducted in April-July 2020 in Uwung Jaya Village, Tangerang City using topographic and rainfall data for 12 years. Rain distribution using the Log Pearson III . The results of the analysis revealed that the effective rainfall of the 5-year return period was 66.314 mm with a maximum flood discharge of 83.69 m³. Volume runoff that had to be overcome was 1084.64 m³. The effective storage capacity of the water retention is ± 1975 m³ with an area of ± 525 m², with construction materials, reinforced concrete with K-225 quality and 10 mm diameter reinforcement. Water retention has two steel sliding gates at the inlet and outlet. Construction of the water retention is estimated to cost Rp. 813,839,000.00.

scholarly journals Vegetation Survival in Green Roofs without Irrigation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Raimondi ◽  
Mariana Marchioni ◽  
Umberto Sanfilippo ◽  
Gianfranco Becciu
Keyword(s):  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Probabilistic Approach ◽  
Green Roofs ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Urban Drainage ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Peak Runoff ◽  
A Chain

The Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems on stormwater management provide benefits for sewer networks, treatment plants and environment and should be encouraged. Green roofs are part of these systems and can contribute both to delay and cut peak runoff and reduce discharged volumes. In this paper the probability of vegetation survival without irrigation has been proposed as a guide to operators on selecting vegetation and irrigation system as well as design parameters. An analytical probabilistic approach has been proposed; a chain of consecutive rainfall events has been considered to take into account the possibility that storage capacity is not completely available at the beginning of the considered event but pre-filled from previous rainfalls, as typical of green roofs. Finally, an application to a case study has been proposed to validate proposed equations.

scholarly journals Derived Storage Allocation Rules to Meet Shared Water Demands for Optimal Operation of an Inter-basin Multi-reservoir Water Supply System

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Wan ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
Lingfeng Xiao ◽  
Qihui Chai
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Optimal Allocation ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Optimal Operation ◽  
Allocation Rule ◽  
Storage Allocation ◽  
Reservoir Water ◽  
Allocation Rules ◽  
Water Demands ◽  
Supply Capacity

The priority principle of storage allocation rules of serial cascade reservoirs within an inter-basin water supply can reduce water loss and reduce water supply times. Reasonable balancing curves for reservoirs in parallel are proposed and the proportional distribution of water is determined to illustrate the optimal allocation rule for different scheduling periods of reservoirs. The mutation point and slope are used to describe the segmentation of reservoirs in parallel. In addition, the optimization model is established with the objective function to minimize times of water shortage while the particle swarm optimization algorithm based on the immune evolutionary algorithm is applied to calibrate the balancing curves. Finally, the relative optimal water supply rule is obtained, providing a larger water supply capacity and higher storage synchronization of member reservoirs. The reservoir groups downstream of Luan River are used as an example, with the results showing that the suggested method can effectively improve the operational performance and meet shared water demands in an inter-basin multi-reservoir. This article highlights the superior results obtained compared to the current storage allocation rules to meet shared water demands.

scholarly journals PLC Based Automation In Drip Irrigation System

2021 ◽  
pp. 715-719
Author(s):  
Rohan Jangam ◽  
Sanket Gavali ◽  
Akshay Gadhave
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Automatic System ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Drip Irrigation System ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Income Source ◽  
Water Demands ◽  
Farming Households

Over 60 per cent of the country's population, compromising several million small farming households, depends on agriculture as a principle income source and land continues to be the main asset for livelihood. By the utilization of Drip Irrigation we will save water and fertilizer provided to the crops. By automating it we will save more water and increase our economy with increase in production and reduction in man power. As the timings provided for agriculture are very inconvenient also thanks to lack of rains and scarcity of land reservoir. There is improper supply of water to the land which affects the assembly . Thus it’s necessary to seek out an automatic system which may provide required water to the farm counting on the crop water demands and therefore the electricity availability timings. This project is targeting developing an automatic drip irrigation system using plc which is operated on two modes namely timer mode and sensor mode as per the convenience of farmer.

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