Impact of Alkali Treatment Conditions on Kenaf Fiber Polyester Composite Tensile Strength

2014 ◽  
Vol 660 ◽  
pp. 285-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Yussni Hashim ◽  
Mohd Nazrul Roslan ◽  
Shahruddin Mahzan ◽  
Mohd Zin ◽  
Saparudin Ariffin
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Immersion Time ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Solution Temperature ◽  
Type I ◽  
Kenaf Fiber ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Polyester Composite ◽  
The Impact

The increase of environmental issues awareness has accelerated the utilization of renewable resources like plant fiber to be used as reinforced material in polymer composite. However, there are significant problems of compatibility between the fiber and the matrix due to weakness in the interfacial adhesion of the natural fiber with the synthetic matrices. One of the solutions to overcome this problem is using chemical modification like alkali treatment. In this study, the impact of alkali treatment conditions on short randomly oriented kenaf fiber reinforced polyester matrix composite tensile strength was investigated. The experimental design setting was based on 2 level factorial experiments. Two parameters were selected during alkali treatment process which are kenaf fiber immersion duration (at 30 minute and 480 minute) and alkali solution temperature (at 40°C and 80°C). Alkali concentration was fixed at 2% (w/v) and the kenaf polyester volume fraction ratio was 10:90. The composite specimens were tested to determine the tensile properties according to ASTM D638-10 Type I. JOEL scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to study the microstructure of the material. The result showed that alkali treatment conditions setting do have the impact on tensile strength of short randomly oriented kenaf polyester composite. The interaction factors between immersion time and temperature was found to have prominent factors to the tensile strength of composite followed by the immersion time factor.

Characteristics on Treated Kenaf Fiber Reinforced Polypropylene Composites

2017 ◽  
Vol 909 ◽  
pp. 94-99
Author(s):  
Muhammad Muslimin Husin ◽  
Mohammad Sukri Mustapa ◽  
Md. Saidin Wahab ◽  
Ahmad Mubarak Tajul Arifin ◽  
Reventheran A.L. Ganasan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Morphological Comparison ◽  
Kenaf Fiber ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Composition Ratio ◽  
Tensile Performance ◽  
Test Press

Nowadays natural fiber and polymer matrix are being extensively used as alternatives in producing furniture like ceiling, floor and etc. to fulfill society demand instead of environmental friendly and saving cost. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) as a coupling agent for reinforcement between kenaf fiber (KF) and polypropylene (PP). The ratio of MAPP between 3% and 5% was observed to determine which composition ratio is better. The tensile strength for both 30% KF and 40% KF was treated through the alkali treatment process with 5% sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Kenaf fiber reinforced polypropylene (PP/KF) composites were melt blended and then used hydraulic molding test press machine for characterization to observe their tensile strengths by measuring their threshold. Tensile test was carried out to determine the tensile stresses of the composite at the best composition ratio of kenaf fiber that are 30% KF and 40% KF instead of MAPP ratio. The result shows 40% KF (5% MAPP) lead to better tensile performance compared to 40% KF (3% MAPP), 30% KF (5% MAPP) and 30% KF (3% MAPP). Meanwhile, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is used to observe the morphological comparison between untreated KF and treated KF as well as PP/KF. The good interfacial bonding between KF and PP was 5% MAPP rather than 3% MAPP due to the optimum strength received. Overall 5% MAPP with 40% PP/KF had shown the best result compared to others with the estimated tensile strength value of 21.38 MPa.

The Effect of Alkali Treatment Mechanical Properties of Kenaf Fiber Epoxy Composite

2011 ◽  
Vol 471-472 ◽  
pp. 191-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saad A. Mutasher ◽  
Adrian Poh ◽  
Aaron Mark Than ◽  
Justin Law
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Curing Temperature ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Kenaf Fiber ◽  
Kenaf Fibre ◽  
Fibre Composites ◽  
The Impact

Increasing worldwide environmental awareness is an encouraging scientific research into the development of cheaper, more environmentally friendly and sustainable construction and packaging materials. Kenaf fibre is a natural fibre which is growing in popularity due environmental issues and its properties as filler. Epoxy is a versatile thermosetting polymer which has a low curing temperature and used in making carbon fibre and glass composites. In this paper the properties of kenaf bast fibre epoxy reinforced composite have been investigated. The effects of alkali surface treatment of the fiber on the composite properties are also investigated. A hand layup method was use to fabricate the test specimens. Generally, all the treated fibre composites performed better than the untreated fibre with an improvement approximately 5% to 10%. Epoxy has the highest tensile strength and flexural strength among all specimens. The 24wt% treated kenaf fibre composites has the highest tensile strength, 27.72MPa and flexural strength, 56.91MPa. The kenaf fiber weight fraction of 40% gave the highest impact strength. The impact strength of the 40wt% kenaf fiber increased 14.3% after alkali treatment.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Impact of Organic Fillers on Selected Properties of Organosilicon Polymer

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1103
Author(s):  
Sara Sarraj ◽  
Małgorzata Szymiczek ◽  
Tomasz Machoczek ◽  
Maciej Mrówka
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Visual Observation ◽  
Walnut Shell ◽  
Pistachio Shell ◽  
Thermoplastic Matrix ◽  
Static Tensile ◽  
The Impact

Eco-friendly composites are proposed to substitute commonly available polymers. Currently, wood–plastic composites and natural fiber-reinforced composites are gaining growing recognition in the industry, being mostly on the thermoplastic matrix. However, little data are available about the possibility of producing biocomposites on a silicone matrix. This study focused on assessing selected organic fillers’ impact (ground coffee waste (GCW), walnut shell (WS), brewers’ spent grains (BSG), pistachio shell (PS), and chestnut (CH)) on the physicochemical and mechanical properties of silicone-based materials. Density, hardness, rebound resilience, and static tensile strength of the obtained composites were tested, as well as the effect of accelerated aging under artificial seawater conditions. The results revealed changes in the material’s properties (minimal density changes, hardness variation, overall decreasing resilience, and decreased tensile strength properties). The aging test revealed certain bioactivities of the obtained composites. The degree of material degradation was assessed on the basis of the strength characteristics and visual observation. The investigation carried out indicated the impact of the filler’s type, chemical composition, and grain size on the obtained materials’ properties and shed light on the possibility of acquiring ecological silicone-based materials.

The Effect of Yarn Linear Density on Mechanical Properties of Plain Woven Kenaf Reinforced Unsaturated Polyester Composite

2013 ◽  
Vol 465-466 ◽  
pp. 962-966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Pahmi bin Saiman ◽  
Mohd Saidin Bin Wahab ◽  
Mat Uzir Wahit
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Linear Density ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester ◽  
Composite Panel ◽  
Composite Yarn ◽  
Polyester Composite ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Woven Kenaf

To produce a good quality of dry fabric for reinforced material in a natural-based polymer composite, yarn linear density should be in consideration. A woven kenaf dry fabric with three different linear densities of 276tex, 413.4tex and 759tex were produced. The fabrics with different linear densities were been optimize with the assistance of WiseTex software. The optimized dry fabrics were infused with unsaturated polyester to produce composite panel using vacuum infusion process. The composites properties were tested on the tensile strength, flexural strength and the impact strength. The result shows that the mechanical properties of the composite increased when the yarn linear densities increased.

scholarly journals Karakterisasi Mekanik Komposit Matriks Polipropilena High Impact Dengan Serat Alam Acak Dengan Metode Hand Lay Up Untuk Komponen Automotive

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfan Ekajati Latief ◽  
Nuha Desi Anggraeni ◽  
Dedy Hernady
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Mesh Size ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Hemp Fiber ◽  
Polypropylene Matrix ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pineapple Leaves

ABSTRAK Serat alam yang berfungsi sebagai penguat memiliki sifat yang lebih ringan, mudah dibentuk, tahan korosi, harga murah dan memiliki kekuatan yang sama dengan material logam. Serat bahan alami yang memiliki kekuatan tarik, tekan dan impak yang baik diantaranya serat rami dan daun nanas. Untuk matriks Polipropilena high impact (PPHI) yang banyak digunakan dalam industri otomotif.. Pada penelitian ini dipelajari pengaruh fraksi volume serat alami terhadap sifat mekanik komposit PPHI berpenguat serat alami. Komposit PPHI dibuat dengan menggunakan metode Hand Lay Up pada temperatur 2500C dengan fraksi volume serat alami sebesar 10%, dimana serat dibuat digunting halus hingga memiliki ukuran mesh 120/170, 170/200 dan dibawah 200 mesh, Kekuatan tarik komposit diukur dengan mengacu pada standar ASTM 3039, kekuatan tekan diukur mengacu pada ASTM D 695. Harga Impak dari komposit diukur dengan mengacu pada ASTM D 6110-04. Pada penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan, fraksi volume 10 % serat alami yang baik ketika dicampur dengan matriks polipropilena high impact adalah serat nanas dengan meshing 170/200 dapat meningkatkan kekuatan tarik PPHI sebesar 40 % dan meningkatkan harga impak PPHI sebesar 50,8 % jika dilihat penelitan sebelumnya yakni menggunakan serat rami dibawah mesh 1200 dengan matriks PPHI. Kata Kunci: Rami, Daun Nanas, Polipropilena High Impact, Hand Lay Up. ABSTRACT Natural fibers that function as reinforcement have lighter properties, are easily formed, are corrosion resistant, are cheap and have the same strength as metal materials. Natural fiber which has good tensile, compressive and impact strength including Ramie and pineapple leaves. For high impact polypropylene matrix (PPHI) which is widely used in the automotive industry. In this study the effect of volume fraction of natural fibers on the mechanical properties of PPHI composites with natural fiber reinforced properties was studied. PPHI composites are made using the Hand Lay Up method at a temperature of 2500C with a volume fraction of natural fibers of 10%, where fibers are made finely shaved to have a mesh size of 120/170, 170/200 and below 200 mesh, the tensile strength of the composite is measured by reference to the standard ASTM 3039, compressive strength measured refers to ASTM D 695. The impact price of the composite is measured with reference to ASTM D 6110-04. In this study it can be concluded, a good volume fraction of 10% natural fiber when mixed with high impact polypropylene matrix is pineapple fiber with meshing 170/200 can increase the tensile strength of PPHI by 40% and increase the impact price of PPHI by 50.8% if seen by research previously that used hemp fiber under mesh 1200 with PPHI matrix. Keywords: Ramie Pineapple, High Impact Polypropylene, Hand Lay Up.

scholarly journals Mechanical properties of coconut trunk particle/polyester composite based on alkali treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 2633366X2093589
Author(s):  
Van-Tho Hoang ◽  
Thanh-Nhut Pham ◽  
Young-Jin Yum
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Surface Modification ◽  
Polyester Resin ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Coconut Tree ◽  
Lignocellulosic Fiber ◽  
Polyester Composite

Coir is a well-known natural fiber extracted from the husk of a coconut tree. In polymer composite materials, the ultimate performance of coir has been shown using surface modification methods. Among them, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is a comparative and efficient solution used for surface treatment of lignocellulosic fiber. In contrast to coir, coconut timber, a hardwood that dominates the weight of the coconut tree, has not been appropriately considered for use in polymer composites. Therefore, in this article, coconut trunk particle/unsaturated polyester resin composites were experimentally investigated. As a pioneering study, a large range of NaOH concentrations from 2 wt% to 10 wt% (with an interval of 2 wt%) was utilized to treat the surface of the filler. Finally, 4 wt% alkali solution was found as the best content for surface modification based on the mechanical properties of the composite, including those determined by tensile, flexural, and impact test results.

The Effect of Alkaline Treatment on Water Absorption and Tensile Properties of Non-Woven Kenaf Polyester Composite

2013 ◽  
Vol 812 ◽  
pp. 258-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zakaria Mohd Nazarudin ◽  
Jamaluddin Mohd Ariff ◽  
Masitah Abu Kassim ◽  
Nur Shafiqah Othman ◽  
Othman Maizatulnisa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Fibre Composite ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Alkaline Treatment ◽  
Moisture Resistance ◽  
Kenaf Fiber ◽  
Polyester Composite ◽  
Woven Kenaf

The aim of this study is to determine the effect of alkali treatment on water absorption and tensile properties of non-woven kenaf polyester composite. Kenaf fiber mat was treated with 2, 4 and 6% of different sodium hydroxide (NaOH) concentration. The composite was fabricated using compression molding technique. It was found that treatment reduced the overall water uptake of composites. The 6% treated fibre composite was greater in moisture resistance as compared to untreated. The tensile strength of the composites was substantially improved after alkali treatment, and it was similar with the tensile modulus.

The Influence of Alkali Treatments on Tensile Strength and Surface Morphology of Cellulose Microfibrils

2015 ◽  
Vol 1123 ◽  
pp. 147-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harini Sosiati ◽  
Henny Pratiwi ◽  
Dwi Astuti Wijayanti ◽  
Soekrisno
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Marked Decrease ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Fiber Surface ◽  
Cellulose Microfibrils ◽  
Kenaf Fiber ◽  
Fiber Degradation ◽  
Surface Morphologies

Cellulose microfibrils were extracted from kenaf fiber by alkali treatments under various conditions to further characterize their properties and verify the factors which induce fiber degradation. Before treatment, the surface morphologies of the base, middle and tip of the raw fiber were observed. The tensile strength of untreated and treated fibers was measured with a universal tensile machine (UTM). Changes in surface morphologies of cellulose microfibrils were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to characterize the functional group related to cellulosic and non-cellulosic phases. Surface morphology of the middle of the fiber was denser and stronger than that of the periphery and therefore used to define an initial condition of fiber specimen. Alkali treatment in 6% NaOH at room temperature for 1 h increased the tensile strength of the microfibril; 9% NaOH at 100°C for 2 h results in a marked decrease. Damage to the fiber surface and loss of crystallinity were associated with decreased tensile strength.

Minimizing Property Variation in Natural Fiber Reinforcements for Green Composite Materials Applications

2017 ◽  
Vol 894 ◽  
pp. 50-55
Author(s):  
Leslie Joy L. Diaz ◽  
Stella Marie Hagad ◽  
Peter June M. Santiago
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Large Deviation ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Critical Length ◽  
Middle Section ◽  
Property Variation

Properties of composite materials are often predicted from properties of its component materials. In the case of green composites that are typically filled with natural fibers however, a large deviation from predictions is observed due to the large property variation in natural fibers. In this study, techniques have been developed to minimize the effect of the said variations, which included the determination of a fiber useful length and critical length, and the utilization of controlled chemical treatment to remove unwanted fiber components that interfere in fiber-matrix interfacial bonding. The abaca fiber was determined to have a diameter of 190 + 2 mm in about two-thirds of the fiber length in the middle section. A large variation in fiber diameter was observed at the root and tip sections such that the diameter could be as high as 200 mm at the root while the tip tapers to 110 to 165 mm. The useful length with constant diameter was determined to be about 2000 mm at the middle section. The critical length of this useful length was found to be 3.15 mm. The tensile strength was also determined to have an average of 970 MPa when measured at 15 mm gauge lengths but is found to decrease up to 796 MPa with increasing gauge lengths up to 35 mm. This superior tensile strength of abaca is also associated to the 2-3o microfibril misorientation from the axis of the fiber. Use of the fibers in composite as continuous and unidirectional filler at 5% loading to unsaturated polyester (tensile strength of 40 MPa) resulted to a tensile strength of 48 MPa. The tensile strength increased to 71 MPa when chemically treated continuous fiber was employed. Alkali treatment at relatively high temperature improved the surface morphology of the fiber, with waxes and lignin removed from the surface and activating the surface with hydroxyl functional groups, that essentially improved the wettability of the polymer to the fiber, and densified the fiber with the closure of its lumens.

scholarly journals Mechanical Properties for Elephant Dung and its Utilization as a Raw Material Composites Sheet: A Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Rohit Kumar ◽  
Ramratan . ◽  
Anupam Kumar ◽  
Rajinder Singh Smagh
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Polymer Composite ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Elephant Dung

Elephant dung is an excellent source of cellulosic fiber that is a basic requirement for paper making. But they contributed to very small percentage production of elephant dung. So, researchers are trying to find a new area of utilization of elephant dung fiber pulp as in reinforcement’s polymer composite. In this experiment element dung fiber pulp in the natural fiber component chemically treated with alkaline and soda AQ solution in this study, it has been aimed to use elephant dung fiber pulp in composite material and to study mechanical properties of the produced material. The produced composite samples were then characterized using tensile test, Izod impact test, thickness test. The fracture surface of the polymer composite sample was also inspected with the help of SEM. The content of elephant dung fiber pulp is varied (35%, 45%, 55%) weight percentage whereas the epoxy resin is varied (50%, 40%, 30%) percentage is kept constant 15% in hardener. The entire sample has been tested in a universal testing machine as per ASTM standard for tensile strength and impact strength. It is observed that composite with 35% fiber pulp is having the highest tensile strength of 4mm 6.445 Mpa and 8mm 11.80 Mpa. The impact strength of composite with 35% fiber pulp washes highest than 45% to 55% dung fiber pulp. This produces composite sheet will be used for the surfboards, sporting goods, building panel this not only reduces the cost but also save from environmental pollution.

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