Impregnation and Drying Schedule of Eucalyptus Wood

2011 ◽  
Vol 71-78 ◽  
pp. 860-863
Author(s):  
Guo Feng Wu ◽  
Qian Lang ◽  
Shu Ping Song ◽  
Jun Wen Pu
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Wood Fiber ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Untreated Wood ◽  
Drying Rate ◽  
Hot Press ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Eucalyptus Wood ◽  
Wood Composition

The aim of this research was to define a rapid and simple test that would indicate the probable performance of a pretreated wood species in a hot-press drying process and the kiln schedule. The drying rate (mass/time) and the remaining mass of water were measured at different moisture intervals. The moisture of timber decreased rapidly and the drying rate was 3.7% per day in the early five days. The timbers were B grade after drying used the hot-press drying kiln in 16 days. The moisture content of timber reached 9.20% after the drying process with the standard deviation of 0.92%. The gradient of the moisture content was 3.40%. The moisture content standard deviation in the thickness of timber was 2.70% and the residual stress was 1.38%. The mechanical properties of impregnation wood improve significantly compared to the untreated wood. The basic density of impregnation wood improved by 17.1%, the over-dried density increased to 0.55 g·cm-3 from 0.49 g·cm-3. The scanning electron microscopy explained the wood modifier has been permeated into the wood fiber which reacted with the wood composition.

CATFISH DRYING (Clarias Batraclus) USING ‘TEKO BERSAYAP’ SOLAR DRYER

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
Yuwana Yuwana
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Drying Rate ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Ambient Relative Humidity ◽  
Solar Dryer

Experiment on catfish drying employing ‘Teko Bersayap’ solar dryer was conducted. The result of the experiment indicated that the dryer was able to increase ambient temperature up to 44% and decrease ambient relative humidity up to 103%. Fish drying process followed equations : KAu = 74,94 e-0,03t for unsplitted fish and KAb = 79,25 e-0,09t for splitted fish, where KAu = moisture content of unsplitted fish (%), KAb = moisture content of splitted fish (%), t = drying time. Drying of unsplitted fish finished in 43.995 hours while drying of split fish completed in 15.29 hours. Splitting the fish increased 2,877 times drying rate.

scholarly journals Mathematical Model for Solar Drying of Grains

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
A. O. Fagunwa ◽  
O. A. Aregbesola ◽  
M. O. Faborode
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Drying Rate ◽  
Solar Drying ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Complex Procedure ◽  
Unique Method ◽  
Complex Phenomena

Mathematical modeling of drying process is a complex procedure that should be carefully done. Moreso, model for solar drying, which is a unique method of drying due to constant fluctuation in the climatic conditions, requires complete integration of the complex phenomena that are involved for accurate prediction of moisture content and drying rate. A mathematical model was developed from heat and mass balance equation considering the physical and thermal properties of the grain, meteorological factors and convective heat transfer during solar drying of grains. The data obtained from the model was compared with experimental results obtained using a solar dryer to dry five selected grains – cowpea, soyabean, groundnut, maize and sorghum at airflow rates of 0.22 m/s, 0.76 m/s and 0.94 m/s. The results from statistical analysis and regression analyses used to compare the results showed that the model is adequate in predicting the moisture content and drying rate of the selected grains as well as other agricultural products with closer physical and thermal properties.

Analytic Study on On-Line Model of Moisture in Hot Air Drying Process of Grain

2017 ◽  
Vol 872 ◽  
pp. 360-372
Author(s):  
Zhi Wei Mai ◽  
Bi Ying Wang ◽  
Chang You Li
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Drying Rate ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Counter Flow ◽  
Drying Characteristics ◽  
Concurrent Flow ◽  
Content Ratio ◽  
Real Time Tracking ◽  
Drying Technology

This study aims to review variation pattern of moisture content ratio of grains in deep-bed drying process, guide the drying technology design, realize real-time tracking and regulation in drying process, improve the quality of drying process and reduce energy consumption. Based on the moisture diffusion model in thin layer drying process, the principle of mass conservation of deep drying process, state function and irreversible thermodynamics analytic method, we have established and solved basic equations of deep-bed drying of grains, obtained the moisture content ratio of grains and analysis formula of drying velocity distribution in processes of concurrent flow drying, counter flow drying, cross-flow drying and standing drying and resolved the sustained decreasing drying process of grains in the concurrent flow drying and extreme point of drying rate in the counter-flow drying. Under the same conditions of temperature, humidity and air output, the drying velocity in counter-flow drying significantly higher than that in the concurrent flow drying. It means the energy utilization effects in counter-flow drying is better than that in the concurrent flow drying. Drying characteristics of grains in cross-flow drying and standing flow drying are the same, while drying rates in inlet-air side and outlet-air side vary widely. It means that when the layer thickness is 0.5m and the moisture content is over 20%, the drying rate in outlet-air side is nearly zero and the drying uniformity is bad. Tests on 5HP-3.5 recirculation drier shows that maximum deviation between analytic value and measured value in deep drying process is 0.69% and the range scope is -0.27%-0.69%. From the drying characteristics of grains, deviations mainly come from instrument detection deviations. The analytic method has important significance for realizing real-time tracking and regulation in drying process, guiding drying technology design, reducing energy consumption, increasing drying rate and drying machine capacity.

scholarly journals Effect of steam thermal treatment on the drying process of Eucalyptus dunnii variables

CERNE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 637-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elias Taylor Durgante Severo ◽  
Ivan Tomaselli ◽  
Fred Willians Calonego ◽  
André Luiz Ferreira ◽  
Lourival Marin Mendes
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Moisture Gradient ◽  
Steam Treatment ◽  
Drying Rate ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Intermediate Layers ◽  
Eucalyptus Dunnii ◽  
Electric Oven ◽  
Heating Up

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of steam treatment prior to drying on the initial moisture content, moisture gradient, and drying rate in Eucalyptus dunnii Maiden wood. Boards were steamed at 100ºC for 3 h after 1 h of heating-up. Part of these boards was dried in a drying electric oven at 50ºC, and part was dried at kiln. The results showed that the steaming prior to drying of wood: (1) significantly reduced by 9.2% the initial moisture content; (2) significantly increased by 6.2% the drying rate; (3) significantly decreased by 15.6 and 14.8% the moisture gradient between the outer layer and the center of boards and between the outer and intermediate layers of boards, respectively. Steamed boards when dried in an oven showed drying rate of 0.007065 whereas in kiln were 0.008200 and 0.034300 from green to 17 and 17 to 12% moisture content, respectively. It was demonstrated that the steaming prior to drying can be suitable for reduces the drying times of this kind of wood.

Non-Deterministic Description of Wood Radio Frequency Vacuum Drying

Holzforschung ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Elustondo ◽  
A. Koumoutsakos ◽  
S. Avramidis
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Western Hemlock ◽  
Vacuum Drying ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Stochastic Parameters ◽  
Deterministic Description

Summary A numerical method is proposed to predict the stochastic dispersion of data that unavoidably occurs in a real drying process. The method is based on the use of discrete frequency distribution curves to predict a random variation on some parameters of the process and is applied to the case of radio frequency vacuum (RFV) drying of wood. Experimental data of RFV drying of western hemlock timbers were used to obtain the numeric values of the stochastic parameters and their standard deviation. A mathematical model was designed to simulate the final moisture content dispersion on hypothetical examples. Results were quantified using three indices: average, range and standard deviation.

Calculation of Moisture Content and Drying Rate during Microwave Drying

2013 ◽  
Vol 423-426 ◽  
pp. 746-749
Author(s):  
Samad Khani Moghanaki ◽  
Behnam Khoshandam ◽  
Mohammad Hosein Mirhaj
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Microwave Power ◽  
Operating Temperature ◽  
Irradiation Time ◽  
Microwave Drying ◽  
Drying Rate ◽  
Microwave Method ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Drying Time

Convectional dryerswork at high temperature and usually lead to loss of quality for sensitivebiomaterial products (especially in nutrition). In this way the researchersfound the microwave power more effective and suitable for drying processes. Someof microwave drying advantages include the following: short drying time, highquality of product, low operating temperature, flexibility in producing widerange of products and easier process controlling. The article calculated themoisture content and drying rate during drying process. Microwave power, holdertray speed, dimension of samples, irradiation time were considered; under theseconditions experiments were done and the results show that microwave method hasmore advantages as comparing with convectional methods.

scholarly journals Drying kinetics of mango fruit using tray and oven dryer

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Nurhasmanina Norhadi ◽  
Ammar Mohd Akhir ◽  
Nor Roslina Rosli ◽  
Farid Mulana
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Drying Kinetics ◽  
Drying Rate ◽  
Airflow Rate ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Mango Fruit ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Kinetics Of

Drying is generally used to increase the shelf life of food products. In this context, mango fruit is used as a sample for the drying process because of its high commercial value and particularly high moisture content. The mango was sliced into few batches of sample with a size of 20 mm × 30 mm × 5 mm each. The experiments were conducted using tray and oven dryer at different temperatures of 40, 50 and 60 °C with a steady airflow rate of 1.3 m/s. The objectives are to study the effect of drying time, temperature and air velocity towards drying of mango fruit, to compare the physical characteristics of mango sample after drying and to determine the best drying kinetics model fitted to each tray and oven dryer. The results showed that the increase in drying time, temperature and air velocity would reduce the moisture content while at the same time, drying rate increased significantly. Tray dryer was found to be more effective than oven dryer because of higher drying rate with better product quality and appearance at the end. Furthermore, the gathered data were fitted into few widely used drying mathematical models and it was found that Henderson and Pabis model at 60°C is best suited for tray dryer whereas Page model at 40 °C is the best for oven dryer.

Exploratory evaluation of oscillation drying for thick hemlock timbers

Holzforschung ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 428-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. K. Sackey ◽  
S. Avramidis ◽  
L.C. Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
High Amplitude ◽  
Temperature Oscillation ◽  
Drying Rate ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Drying Characteristics ◽  
Low Amplitude ◽  
Total Impact

Abstract The study explores the effect of dry-bulb (Tdb ) and wet-bulb (Twb ) temperature oscillation in a conventional kiln on the drying characteristics of 105-mm-square Pacific coast hemlock. Five kiln-charges were dried using four oscillating drying schedules and a control. The base drying temperatures for the control were Twb =53°C, Tdb =60°C for the first drying phase and increased to Twb =65°C, Tdb =80°C in the second phase. These temperatures were oscillated at two amplitude and frequency combinations, namely, 3°C for 4 h (low) and 6°C for 8 h (high). The results indicated that the total impact of oscillating schedules on the drying rate was more pronounced at the early stages of the drying process. Oscillating Tdb at higher amplitudes increased drying rate by 12%, whereas the low amplitude counterpart reduced kiln residence time by 10–14%. The final moisture content variability decreased in both Twb oscillated schedules. Core and shell moisture content variation also slightly decreased in the low amplitude Twb oscillated schedules. High amplitude oscillated Tdb also showed 5% less casehardening than the control, whilst its low amplitude counterpart increased. The low amplitude Twb oscillated schedule had the least surface checks and splits.

scholarly journals Effect Carrier Agent Formulation in Drying Rate and Antioxidant Activity of Roselle Extract

2018 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 02010
Author(s):  
Febiani Dwi Utari ◽  
Mohammad Djaeni ◽  
Wahyu Zuli Pratiwi ◽  
Muhammad Alver Syahputra ◽  
Uma Fadzilia Arifin
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Drying Rate ◽  
Evaporation Process ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Moisture Evaporation ◽  
Drying Temperature ◽  
Natural Colorant ◽  
Speed Up

Roselle (Hibiscus sabdarifa L) contains anthocyanins as the natural colorant and antioxidant. Drying the roselle extract was aims to produce the dry product that easy consumption as antioxidant. The carrier agent was added in roselle extract to improve the drying rate and maintain the nutritional value. This research studied the effect of carrier agent in drying rate and antioxidant activity. The method consists of two step involving roselle extraction using ultrasonic and the drying process. The roselle extraction by ultrasonic use the water as the solvent. The carrier agent (0%,5%,10% of maltodextrin) was added in roselle extract. The mixture was then dried in tray dryer dehumidification using zeolite in drying temperature 50,60, and 70⁰C. As the response, the moisture content was observed by gravimetry every 15 minutes for 150 minutes. The result showed that Page model was fitted to determine the constant of drying rate. Higher concentration of carrier agent enhanced the moisture evaporation process. Based on the DPPH analysis, the degradation of antioxidant activity in temperature 70⁰C was 2.14 times higher than in temperature 50⁰C. As the conclusion, addition of maltodextrin can speed up the drying process and retain the antioxidant activity of.

scholarly journals Mathematical Modelling of the Drying Characteristics of Milled Sorghum Residue

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
J. Isa ◽  
O. I. Majasan ◽  
K. A. Jimoh
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Moisture Diffusivity ◽  
Effective Moisture Diffusivity ◽  
Drying Rate ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Drying Characteristics ◽  
Effective Moisture ◽  
Drying Behaviour

During milling of cereal grains, bran which is separated from the starchy endosperm of the grain is a major by-product. In this study, milled sorghum residue was dried in a cabinet dryer under different conditions (temperature and air velocity). The obtained drying data were fitted into ten existing mathematical models and obtained the best model while, the effective moisture diffusivity and activation energy of the drying process was determined using Arrhenius type approach. The result shows that the initial moisture content obtained for the sorghum residue using standard oven drying method were 41.28 ± 0.33%, 49.52 ± 0.63 % and 47.06 ± 0.42 % on wet basis for the wet residue of variety A, B and C, respectively, at equilibrium point, the final moisture content of about 12.93 ± 0.14 – 14.31± 0.07 as temperature ranges from 40 oC to 70 oC and air velocity ranges from 0.8 m/s to 1.2 m/s. During the drying process, the drying rate falls more rapidly as it was initially high as a result of more moisture in the sorghum residue and the drying rate decreases slowly until reaching the reduced moisture content. The obtained values of effective moisture diffusivity (Deff) ranges between 9.89 x 10-10 and 22.21 x 10-10 m2/s, 9.45 x 10-10 and 20.62 x 10-10 m2/s and 8.56 x 10-10 and 20.76 x 10-10 m2/s for variety A, B and C, respectively. However, the result of the modelling shows that the drying characteristics of variety A and B of the sorghum residue can be predicted using Midilli et al. model while the drying behaviour of Variety C can be predicted using Hii et al. model.

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