Performance Simulation of the SCTP under the Multi Path Environment

2015 ◽  
Vol 738-739 ◽  
pp. 1174-1177
Author(s):  
Ya Qin Fan ◽  
Shu Ting Liu ◽  
Chi Li
Keyword(s):  
Practical Significance ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Ideal Case ◽  
Performance Simulation ◽  
Tcp Protocol ◽  
Multiple Paths ◽  
Multiple Network ◽  
Basic Features ◽  
Basic Standard ◽  
The Ideal

This paper studies the basic features and functions of STCP. The traditional TCP protocol and the basic standard SCTP protocols are simulated respectively. We analysis that when the host has multiple network addresses and there are multiple paths between ends, how do the STCP protocol and TCP protocol perform. For practical implementation, using CWND size parameters show performance of multi path transmission in practice, and compare with the ideal case. The results of the simulation and analysis of multi path transmission under the SCTP agreement have practical significance in the future network with multi path transmission.

Criteria and Methods for Reliable Three-Dimensional Image Reconstruction

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 330-331
Author(s):  
R. A. Crowther
Keyword(s):  
Image Reconstruction ◽  
Finite Number ◽  
Density Distribution ◽  
Electron Micrographs ◽  
Mathematical Problem ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ideal Case ◽  
Dimensional Image ◽  
General Object ◽  
The Ideal

The reconstruction of a three-dimensional image of a specimen from a set of electron micrographs reduces, under certain assumptions about the imaging process in the microscope, to the mathematical problem of reconstructing a density distribution from a set of its plane projections.In the absence of noise we can formulate a purely geometrical criterion, which, for a general object, fixes the resolution attainable from a given finite number of views in terms of the size of the object. For simplicity we take the ideal case of projections collected by a series of m equally spaced tilts about a single axis.

The DQE of an electron image recording system

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-101
Author(s):  
K.-H. Herrmann ◽  
D. Krahl ◽  
H.-P Rust
Keyword(s):  
Primary Electron ◽  
Ideal Case ◽  
Image Recording ◽  
Main Requirement ◽  
High Detection ◽  
Electron Image ◽  
Video Amplifier ◽  
Detection Quantum Efficiency ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
The Ideal

The high detection quantum efficiency (DQE) is the main requirement for an imagerecording system used in electron microscopy of radiation-sensitive specimens. An electronic TV system of the type shown in Fig. 1 fulfills these conditions and can be used for either analog or digital image storage and processing [1], Several sources of noise may reduce the DQE, and therefore a careful selection of various elements is imperative.The noise of target and of video amplifier can be neglected when the converter stages produce sufficient target electrons per incident primary electron. The required gain depends on the type of the tube and also on the type of the signal processing chosen. For EBS tubes, for example, it exceeds 10. The ideal case, in which all impinging electrons create uniform charge peaks at the target, is not obtainable for several reasons, and these will be discussed as they relate to a system with a scintillator, fiber-optic and photo-cathode combination as the first stage.

THE NATURE OF LEGAL RESTRICTIONS IN ENVIRONMENTAL LAW

2019 ◽  
pp. 142-150
Author(s):  
Galyna Moroz
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Law ◽  
Functional Results ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
The Status ◽  
Environmental Requirements ◽  
Content System ◽  
Legal Restrictions

Purpose. The article is aimed at analyzing the general theoretical principles and the essential characteristics of legal restrictions in environmental law; defining category of “environmental legal restrictions”, their content, system and the status of the respective legislation. Methodology. The methodology consists in carrying out a comprehensive analysis of the provisions of environmental legislation and formulating relevant conclusions on this basis. During the research, the following methods of scientific research were used: terminological, systemic and structural, comparative legal, structural and functional. Results. The objectively determined necessity of unconditional adherence to the legally established environmental requirements, prohibitions and restrictions as well as their potential scientifically substantiated enhancement in order to achieve environmentally significant goals oriented towards the priorities of sustainable development is substantiated. Restrictive mechanisms are scattered across statutory and regulatory acts of different legal force and even different branches of law, therefore, the need for their systematization and unification as well as generalization of the experience of their practical implementation in order to establish a comprehensive system of environmental restrictions is discussed. In our opinion, the conceptual basis and general essential characteristics of public environmental requirements and restrictions should be reflected in the future Environmental Code of Ukraine. Scientific novelty. In the course of the research, the author defines restrictions in environmental law as a specific sectoral imperative mechanism for regulating relations in the field of environmental safety, which consists in systematically introducing legislation on imperative provisions of environmental law as well as establishing specific legal regimes and mechanisms for their application and implementation. Practical significance. The main conclusions can be used in law-making and law-enforcing activities, as well as in further theoretical and legal research and in the educational process.

scholarly journals Audit of Non-financial Information

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 71-80
Author(s):  
R. G. Kaspina ◽  
N. O. Samoilova
Keyword(s):  
Research Problem ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Financial Information ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Problem Analysis ◽  
Nonfinancial Information ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Financial Audit ◽  
Definition Of

The article is devoted to the practical implementation of auditing tasks in relation to non-financial information in Russia. The increased need to develop this area of auditing services is related to both the increased interest of users in the nonfinancial information in itself, and the need to improve its reliability. The methodological base of the research includes a set of scientific techniques and research methods such as theoretical analysis of the literature on the research problem, analysis of regulatory sources, a method of comparison, as well as the use of practical experience in providing auditing services in relation to non-financial information. The study of current trends in the publication and certification of nonfinancial statements in Russia and abroad, considers the main approaches to the definition of “non-financial audit” and the most widespread methodological approaches to its implementation, as well as reviews the practice of performing tasks to confirm non-financial information and identifies the main problems of their implementation. The theoretical and practical significance of the research is to justify the need to develop tools for providing auditing services in relation to non-financial information, as well as the proposed solutions to the identified problems of practical implementation of tasks.

Generalization, similarity, and Bayesian inference

2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 629-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua B. Tenenbaum ◽  
Thomas L. Griffiths
Keyword(s):  
Natural Kinds ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Theoretic Model ◽  
Decay Function ◽  
Ideal Case ◽  
Basic Assumptions ◽  
Realistic Situation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Universal Law ◽  
The Ideal

Shepard has argued that a universal law should govern generalization across different domains of perception and cognition, as well as across organisms from different species or even different planets. Starting with some basic assumptions about natural kinds, he derived an exponential decay function as the form of the universal generalization gradient, which accords strikingly well with a wide range of empirical data. However, his original formulation applied only to the ideal case of generalization from a single encountered stimulus to a single novel stimulus, and for stimuli that can be represented as points in a continuous metric psychological space. Here we recast Shepard's theory in a more general Bayesian framework and show how this naturally extends his approach to the more realistic situation of generalizing from multiple consequential stimuli with arbitrary representational structure. Our framework also subsumes a version of Tversky's set-theoretic model of similarity, which is conventionally thought of as the primary alternative to Shepard's continuous metric space model of similarity and generalization. This unification allows us not only to draw deep parallels between the set-theoretic and spatial approaches, but also to significantly advance the explanatory power of set-theoretic models.

Using Case Technology and Project Method in the Process of Studying Professionally Oriented Disciplines

2021 ◽  
pp. 67-77
Author(s):  
Madina T. Bekoeva
Keyword(s):  
Educational Process ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Case Method ◽  
University Teachers ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
Project Method ◽  
Latent Potential ◽  
The University

The article presents a lapidary analysis of possibilities of using the case method and the project method in the formation of professional thinking of students studying philology and journalism. We also consider the possibilities of using case technology and project method in the process of studying professionally oriented disciplines. The practical significance of the work comes down to disclosing the effectiveness of the case method and the method of projects in the process of forming professional skills. The relevance of this article is determined by modern realities of educational process at the university. The case method and the method of projects make it possible to increase the motivational component of learning and contribute to the development of teachers’ progressive thinking and students’ creative potential, both of which are necessary for professional activities. In this article we also made an attempt at revealing the essence of these methods in the educational process at bachelor’s level. They turned out to be the main methods for the formation of students’ universal and professional competencies. The project method and case method act as an integral factor in the gamification of educational process contributing to the formation of skills of expedient action, activation of thinking, instilling the skills of independent search for solutions in standard and non-standard situations that may come up in the course of professional activity. Students actively and productively master the necessary competencies while revealing their latent potential. The case method and the project method demonstrate great efficiency in improving the quality of personnel training; the specific types of their practical implementation are developed jointly during classes by university teachers and employers’ representatives. The purpose of the article is to determine the methodological potential of the case method and the method of projects in the formation of professional thinking of future philologists and journalists and to consider the possibilities of using case technology and the project method in the process of studying professionally oriented disciplines. The project method is a relevant and effective technology that significantly increases the level of mastery of educational material, the internal motivation of students and their independence. The case method initiates the development of professional thinking, independence, unconventional thinking and creativity. When faced with a formulated problem, students concentrate on finding a solution to the problem and the teacher’s skillful interpretation of the problem directs students to search for non-standard ways. Everything mentioned above leads to the development of integrative thinking and significantly expands students’ capabilities. The practice of working with the case method and the project method in the classroom confirms their effectiveness in the professional development of university students, expanding their professional horizons and the formation of professional thinking.

Introduction

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-24
Author(s):  
Levy O’Flynn.
Keyword(s):  
Ideal Case ◽  
Peace Settlement ◽  
The Ideal

Referendums are now common in ‘conflict societies’—societies where a widespread and concerted campaign of violence between groups recently occurred, is occurring, or is liable to occur. In the ideal case, a peace referendum can secure consent for a new formal peace settlement among warring groups and provide the settlement with a popular mandate. In practice, however, settlements, once attained, may struggle to endure. Some may collapse entirely. Against this background we introduced what we call the ‘Deliberative Peace Referendum’, or ‘DPR’. A DPR is a purpose-designed deliberative referendum held under conditions of conflict. As this chapter recognizes, designing a referendum to be more deliberative is a challenge under any circumstances. It may be hardest of all amid armed intercommunal conflict.

From Constitutionalism to War—and Back Again

2021 ◽  
pp. 229-334
Author(s):  
Arthur Ripstein
Keyword(s):  
War And Peace ◽  
Ideal Case ◽  
Kantian Theory ◽  
Theory Of War ◽  
The Ideal

This chapter presents Arthur Ripstein’s responses to the authors of the preceding chapters. The chapter follows the order of the contributions, and are divided broadly into responses to the papers in Part I concerning the ways in which facts matter to right, and the relation between the flawed world in which we find ourselves and the ideal case that Kant contemplates, and to those in Part II dealing with more specific issues in the Kantian theory of war and peace.

scholarly journals Full-Duplex NOMA Transmission with Single-Antenna Buffer-Aided Relays

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolaos Nomikos ◽  
Panagiotis Trakadas ◽  
Antonios Hatziefremidis ◽  
Voliotis
Keyword(s):  
Low Complexity ◽  
Cooperative Relaying ◽  
Full Duplex ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Network Nodes ◽  
Communication Techniques ◽  
Single Antenna ◽  
Low Complexity Implementation ◽  
Significant Performance ◽  
Multiple Network

The efficient deployment of fifth generation and beyond networks relies upon the seamless combination of recently introduced transmission techniques. Furthermore, as multiple network nodes exist in dense wireless topologies, low-complexity implementation should be promoted. In this work, several wireless communication techniques are considered for improving the sum-rate performance of cooperative relaying non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) networks. For this purpose, an opportunistic relay selection algorithm is developed, employing single-antenna relays to achieve full-duplex operation by adopting the successive relaying technique. In addition, as relays are equipped with buffers, flexible half-duplex transmission can be performed when packets reside in the buffers. The proposed buffer-aided and successive single-antenna (BASSA-NOMA) algorithm is presented in detail and its operation and practical implementation aspects are thoroughly analyzed. Comparisons with other relevant algorithms illustrate significant performance gains when BASSA-NOMA is employed without incurring high implementation complexity.

Practical Design of 4H-SiC Superjunction Devices in the Presence of Charge Imbalance

2018 ◽  
Vol 924 ◽  
pp. 563-567
Author(s):  
Md Monzurul Alam ◽  
Dallas T. Morisette ◽  
James A. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Drift Region ◽  
Charge Balance ◽  
Ideal Case ◽  
Charge Imbalance ◽  
Blocking Voltage ◽  
Practical Design ◽  
Proper Design ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Ideal

In the ideal case, superjunction (SJ) drift regions theoretically exhibit a linear relationship between specific-on resistance Ron,sp and blocking voltage VBR, but this requires perfect charge balance between the alternating n and p pillars. If any degree of imbalance exists, the relationship becomes quadratic, similar to a conventional drift region, although with somewhat improved performance. In this work, we analyze superjunction drift regions in 4H-SiC under realistic degrees of charge imbalance and show that, with proper design, a reduction in specific on-resistance of 2~10x is possible as long as the imbalance remains less than ±20%.

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