A Novel Hybrid Design of Incineration-Gasification for Energy Saving

2015 ◽  
Vol 799-800 ◽  
pp. 95-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Somrat Kerdsuwan ◽  
Krongkaew Laohalidanond ◽  
Palita Chiyawong
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Treatment Technique ◽  
Combustion Chambers ◽  
Downdraft Gasifier ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Cleaner Technology ◽  
The Impact

Nowadays, Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) becomes a crucial problem worldwide where it is created the impact to environment, social as well as health. The non-sanitary landfill is widespread used for waste disposal in the rural area because of its low investment and operation cost. However, it has negative effect on human health and environment. Thermal treatment of MSW by incineration is considered as an option for effective treatment technique due to the fast reduction in mass and volume of MSW. However, with high moisture content in MSW, it is necessary to use auxiliary fuel in order to maintain the high temperature of combustion process and led to the high operating cost, especially for the small scale incinerator without energy recovery. A novel hybrid incineration-gasification can be used in order to overcome this drawback by using a downdraft gasifier with Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) as feedstock to generate the syngas which can be substituted the auxiliary fuel. Hence, this study emphasizes on the development of a novel hybrid incineration-gasification as a cleaner technology to get rid of MSW generated with a destruction capacity of 30 ton per day (TPD). The novel system comprises of a controlled-air incinerator with two combustion chambers, automatic feeding machine and wet scrubber. A 100 kg/hr downdraft gasifier has aim to use RDF from dry fraction of MSW as feedstock to produce syngas to substitute the auxiliary fuel used in the secondary burner of the incinerator in order to maintain the desire its temperature. This cleaner and novel hybrid technology can implement to get rid of MSW properly for energy saving and sustainable development.

scholarly journals Study on effect CO2 diluent on fuel cоmbustion in methane-oxygen combustion chambers

Vestnik IGEU ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 14-22
Author(s):  
I.I. Komarov ◽  
D.M. Kharlamova ◽  
A.N. Vegera ◽  
V.Y. Naumov
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Methane Combustion ◽  
Flame Stabilization ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Combustion Mechanism ◽  
Combustion Chambers ◽  
The Impact

Studying closed gas turbine cycles on supercritical carbon dioxide is currently a promising issue in the development of power energy sector in terms of increasing energy efficiency and minimizing greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere. Combustion of methane with oxygen in the combustion chamber occurs not in the nitrogen environment, but in the environment of carbon dioxide, that is the working fluid of the cycle, which is an inhibitor of chemical reactions. A large mass content of such a diluent of the reaction mixture in the volume of the chamber leads to the risks of significant chemical underburning, efficiency decrease of the combustion chamber and the cycle as a whole. The aim of the research is to study the kinetic parameters of the combustion of methane with oxygen in a supercritical CO2 diluent medium to ensure reliable and stable combustion of fuel by assessing the degree of the inhibitory effect of CO2 and determining its permissible amount in the active combustion zone of the combustion chamber. The research method is a numerical simulation of turbulent-kinetic processes of methane combustion in the combustion chamber using the reduced methane combustion mechanism. Ansys Fluent software package has been used. The authers have studied the impact of CO2 diluent on fuel cоmbustion in methane-oxygen combustion chambers. It is found that the combustor flame stabilization takes place if the content of СО2 diluent supplied to the mixture with oxidizer is 0,46–0,5 of mass fraction; additional СО2 diluent forms local low temperature zones which slow down the combustion process. When this happens, adding cooling СО2 into the flame stabilization zone should be eliminated. The study has found that no more than 20 % of the total carbon dioxide content should be supplied to the combustion chamber; to stabilize the flame and reduce its length, it is necessary to install blades to swirl the fuel and oxidizer mixed with CO2 at the inlet of the combustion chamber; CO2 supply for cooling should be carried out not less than 130 mm away from the burner mouth.

scholarly journals Competing priorities: lessons in engaging students to achieve energy savings in universities

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 1220-1238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Bull ◽  
Joanna Romanowicz ◽  
Neil Jennings ◽  
Marina Laskari ◽  
Graeme Stuart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Behaviour Change ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Short Term ◽  
National Union ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Energy Dashboard ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThis paper aims to present findings from an EU-funded international student-led energy saving competition (SAVES) on a scale previously unseen. There are multiple accounts of short-term projects and energy saving competitions encouraging pro-environmental behaviour change amongst students in university dormitories, but the purpose of this research is to provide evidence of consistent and sustained energy savings from student-led energy savings competitions, underpinned by practical action.Design/methodology/approachA mixed-methods approach (pre- and post-intervention surveys, focus groups and analysis of energy meter data) was used to determine the level of energy savings and quantifiable behaviour change delivered by students across participating university dormitories.FindingsThis research has provided further insight into the potential for savings and behaviour change in university dormitories through relatively simple actions. Whilst other interventions have shown greater savings, this project provided consistent savings over two years of 7 per cent across a large number of university dormitories in five countries through simple behaviour changes.Research limitations/implicationsAn energy dashboard displaying near a real-time leaderboard was added to the engagement in the second year of the project. Whilst students were optimistic about the role that energy dashboards could play, the evidence is not here to quantify the impact of dashboards. Further research is required to understand the potential of dashboards to contribute to behavioural change savings and in constructing competitions between people and dormitories that are known to each other.Social implicationsSAVES provided engagement with students, enabling, empowering and motivating them to save energy – focusing specifically on the last stage of the “Awareness, Interest, Desire, Action” framework. Automated meter reading data was used in the majority of participating dormitories to run near real-time energy challenges through an energy dashboard that informed students how much energy they saved compared to a target, and encouraged peer-to-peer learning and international cooperation through a virtual twinning scheme.Originality/valueFindings from energy saving competitions in universities are typically from small-scale and short-term interventions. SAVES was an energy-saving competition in university dormitories facilitated by the UK National Union of Students in five countries reaching over 50,000 students over two academic years (incorporating dormitories at 17 universities). As such it provides clear and important evidence of the real-world long-term potential efficiency savings of such interventions.

Configuration Design and Energy Balancing of Compact-Hybrid Powertrains

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul D. Walker ◽  
Holger M. Roser
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
Vehicle Emissions ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Configuration Design ◽  
Energy Balancing ◽  
Hybrid Electric ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

The development of compact and efficient hybrid electric vehicle powertrains for low initial and on-going costs requires consideration of numerous, often competing factors. Appropriately designing and sizing these powertrains requires the consideration of requirements for vehicle range and performance, considered directly through the sizing of motors and engines, and indirectly through minimization of vehicle mass whilst being constrained by total stored energy in the vehicle, against the impact on vehicle emissions and on purchase and ongoing operational costs. In addition to these considerations the actual driver use will strongly influence the energy consumed and vehicle emissions. It therefore becomes beneficial to provide flexibility in hybrid vehicle configuration design to enable the minimization of vehicle emissions and ongoing vehicle costs. The purpose of this paper is to study the various alternative vehicle powertrain configurations for application to small scale hybridization demands, such as scooters or motorcycles. Powertrain configurations studied in this paper include plug-in hybrid electric (PHEV), battery hybrid electric (BHEV), and a pure electric vehicle (PEV). To design and size each of the configurations a statistical approach is taken, power and load demands are studied and utilized to size powertrain components. Results are extended to size vehicle energy storage for electric only range of 25, 50 and 100 km, and total vehicle range of 100 km for the BHEV and 200 km for the PHEV. Based on the results developed from the analysis mathematical models of each of the powertrain configurations are then developed in Matlab/Simulink and numerical studies of vehicle energy consumption in comparison to range are conducted. Outcomes of these simulations are compared to an operating cost based analysis of the suggested powertrains; the benefits and limitations of each design are considered in detail.

scholarly journals Prechamber selection for a two stage turbulent jet ignition of lean air-gas mixtures for better economy and emission

2018 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 03010
Author(s):  
Ireneusz Pielecha ◽  
Krzysztof Wislocki ◽  
Wojciech Cieslik ◽  
Lukasz Fiedkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Process ◽  
Turbulent Jet ◽  
Dual Band ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Combustion Chambers ◽  
Inlet Channel ◽  
Compressed Natural Gas ◽  
Gas System ◽  
The Impact

The paper presents the results of thermodynamic and exhaust emission analyses of the combustion process using three combustion chambers. The combustion process research was performed on a single-cylinder AVL 5804 engine equipped with a dual-band compressed natural gas system supplied at different fuel pressures to the inlet channel and to the pre-chamber. Based on the performed analyses, the thermodynamic indicators of the combustion process and the emission factors were determined. Having the thermodynamic and emission analyses of the Turbulent Jet Ignition (TJI) combustion system, the pre-chamber was selected with the best collective features. The selection of the best chamber was made using the weighted-purpose method for average indicated pressure, CO and NOx emissions as well as the indicated engine efficiency, taking into account the impact factors.

The Transnational Women's Rights Movement and the World Economy

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi E. Rademacher
Keyword(s):  
Women's Rights ◽  
Small Body ◽  
World System ◽  
World Society ◽  
Women’S Rights ◽  
Social Movement Organizations ◽  
Global Movement ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Society Perspective ◽  
The Impact

Promoting the ratification of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) was a key objective of the transnational women's movement of the 1980s and 1990s. Yet, few studies examine what factors contribute to ratification. The small body of literature on this topic comes from a world-society perspective, which suggests that CEDAW represented a global shift toward women's rights and that ratification increased as international NGOs proliferated. However, this framing fails to consider whether diffusion varies in a stratified world-system. I combine world-society and world-systems approaches, adding to the literature by examining the impact of women's and human rights transnational social movement organizations on CEDAW ratification at varied world-system positions. The findings illustrate the complex strengths and limitations of a global movement, with such organizations having a negative effect on ratification among core nations, a positive effect in the semiperiphery, and no effect among periphery nations. This suggests that the impact of mobilization was neither a universal application of global scripts nor simply representative of the broad domination of core nations, but a complex and diverse result of civil society actors embedded in a politically stratified world.

Can Values of Honesty, Hard Work, Loyalty and Discipline Predict Entrepreneurial Orientation of Muslim Owner Managers?

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohani Mohd ◽  
Badrul Hisham Kamaruddin ◽  
Khulida Kirana Yahya ◽  
Elias Sanidas
Keyword(s):  
Entrepreneurial Orientation ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Hard Work ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Sampling Frame ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Learning Institutions ◽  
Innovative Orientation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
True Values

The purpose of the present study is twofold: first, to investigate the true values of Muslim owner managers; second, to examine the impact of these values on entrepreneurial orientations of Muslim small-scale entrepreneurs. 850 Muslim owner managers were selected randomly using the sampling frame provided by MajlisAmanah Rakyat Malaysia (MARA). 162 completed questionnaires were collected and analyzed. For this paper only two dimensions of entrepreneurial orientations were analyzed: proactive orientation and innovative orientation. Interestingly, the findings revealed that Muslim businessmen/women are honest, loyal, disciplined and hard working. Loyalty and honesty are positively related to proactive orientation, while discipline and hard-work are positively related to innovative orientation. The findings provide implications for existing relevant theories, policy makers, practitioners and learning institutions. 

The Impact of Competitive Quasi-Market on Service Delivery in Benue State University, Makurdi Nigeria

GIS Business ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 85-98
Author(s):  
Idoko Peter
Keyword(s):  
Service Delivery ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Secondary Source ◽  
State University ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This research the impact of competitive quasi market on service delivery in Benue State University, Makurdi Nigeria. Both primary and secondary source of data and information were used for the study and questionnaire was used to extract information from the purposively selected respondents. The population for this study is one hundred and seventy three (173) administrative staff of Benue State University selected at random. The statistical tools employed was the classical ordinary least square (OLS) and the probability value of the estimates was used to tests hypotheses of the study. The result of the study indicates that a positive relationship exist between Competitive quasi marketing in Benue State University, Makurdi Nigeria (CQM) and Transparency in the service delivery (TRSP) and the relationship is statistically significant (p<0.05). Competitive quasi marketing (CQM) has a negative effect on Observe Competence in Benue State University, Makurdi Nigeria (OBCP) and the relationship is not statistically significant (p>0.05). Competitive quasi marketing (CQM) has a positive effect on Innovation in Benue State University, Makurdi Nigeria (INVO) and the relationship is statistically significant (p<0.05) and in line with a priori expectation. This means that a unit increases in Competitive quasi marketing (CQM) will result to a corresponding increase in innovation in Benue State University, Makurdi Nigeria (INVO) by a margin of 22.5%. It was concluded that government monopoly in the provision of certain types of services has greatly affected the quality of service experience in the institution. It was recommended among others that the stakeholders in the market has to be transparent so that the system will be productive to serve the society effectively

Problems of Implementation of an Import Substitution Policy in the Oil Industry

2019 ◽  
pp. 50-57
Author(s):  
Yu. V. Vertakova ◽  
A. S. Evtyukhin
Keyword(s):  
Import Substitution ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Investment Climate ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Current Economic Situation ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Substitution Policy ◽  
Investment Process ◽  
The Impact

The presented study addresses the issues of implementation of an import substitution policy in the Russian oil industry. Support of domestic production is a key objective specified in the message of the President of the Russian Federation in 2019. In light of the current economic situation and considering the importance of the oil industry for the Russian economy, an import substitution policy could help achieve the objective set by the President.Aim. The study aims to identify the problems and ways of implementation of an import substitution policy in the Russian oil industry.Tasks. The authors analyze scientific publications on import substitution and the state of the Russian oil industry at the current stage of development; determine the directions and fundamental trends in the development of the oil industry; identify obstacles that hinder the implementation of an import substitution policy in the oil industry; describe conditions that facilitate the development of the  investment process in the oil industry; propose comprehensive methods and ways to intensify investments and optimize costs for enterprises in the oil industry.Methods. This study uses general scientific methods of cognition, comparative and statistical analysis to identify problems in the implementation of an import substitution policy in the oil industry.Results. Examination of the current state and development prospects of the oil industry allows the authors to identify obstacles to the development of import substitution. The study shows their impact on the potential of import substitution, which has a negative effect on the prospects of intensification of investment processes, and proposes comprehensive methods and mechanisms that could neutralize the impact of the identified obstacles, thus facilitating the formation of a positive investment climate. Conclusions. Investment climate is shown to have a decisive impact on the potential of import substitution in the Russian oil industry, and ways of overcoming negative trends in the development of the oil industry are proposed.

Others' participation rate influences an individual's charitable behavior: Others' similarity as a moderator

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 1607-1618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung Yun Lee ◽  
Sunho Jung ◽  
Sangdo Oh ◽  
Seong Hoon Park
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Charitable Behavior ◽  
High Participation ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
High Participation Rate ◽  
Diffusion Of Responsibility

We proposed that a moderator, others' similarity, would determine the impact of high participation rates of others on an individual's charitable behavior, and aimed to show that this moderator would work through the diffusion of responsibility motive. Participants (N = 152 undergraduate students) completed measures of charitable behavior and diffusion of responsibility, after being assigned to 1 of 2 conditions where a set percentage of other students (manipulated as either similar undergraduate students or dissimilar graduate students) were stated to have already donated to a charitable campaign (high contribution condition = 70% participation, low contribution condition = 30% participation). Our results showed that the high participation rate of others increased an individual's charitable behavior when the others in question were similar to that individual, but not when the others were dissimilar. In addition, the high rate of participation by others increased the diffusion of responsibility motive when the others in question were dissimilar to that individual, leading to a negative effect on that individual's charitable behavior.

scholarly journals THE FUTURE OF PASSENGER AIR TRANSPORT – VERY LARGE AIRCRAFT AND OUT KEY HUMAN FACTORS AFFECTING THE OPERATION AND SAFETY OF PASSENGER AIR TRANSPORT

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Petra Skolilova
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Aircraft Design ◽  
Air Transport ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Fuel Burn ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact

The article outlines some human factors affecting the operation and safety of passenger air transport given the massive increase in the use of the VLA. Decrease of the impact of the CO2 world emissions is one of the key goals for the new aircraft design. The main wave is going to reduce the burned fuel. Therefore, the eco-efficiency engines combined with reasonable economic operation of the aircraft are very important from an aviation perspective. The prediction for the year 2030 says that about 90% of people, which will use long-haul flights to fly between big cities. So, the A380 was designed exactly for this time period, with a focus on the right capacity, right operating cost and right fuel burn per seat. There is no aircraft today with better fuel burn combined with eco-efficiency per seat, than the A380. The very large aircrafts (VLAs) are the future of the commercial passenger aviation. Operating cost versus safety or CO2 emissions versus increasing automation inside the new generation aircraft. Almost 80% of the world aircraft accidents are caused by human error based on wrong action, reaction or final decision of pilots, the catastrophic failures of aircraft systems, or air traffic control errors are not so frequent. So, we are at the beginning of a new age in passenger aviation and the role of the human factor is more important than ever.

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