Failure Analysis of the outside Coating on the Furnace Roller

2016 ◽  
Vol 853 ◽  
pp. 431-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Qu Feng ◽  
Lu Wang ◽  
Wei Ze Wang ◽  
Kai Di Cheng ◽  
Cheng Zhou Chen
Keyword(s):  
Failure Analysis ◽  
Substrate Surface ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Substrate Material ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Hvof Spraying ◽  
Microstructure Observation ◽  
Oxygen Fuel ◽  
Peeling Off

A failure case of the outside coating on the furnace roller is presented in this study. The coating consists of WC-Co, which is deposited on 45 steel by High Velocity Oxygen Fuel (HVOF) spraying. The spalling of coatings has been found in the middle of the roller. Rust was also observed on the coatings of the roller. The failure analysis of the coating was performed in terms of composition analysis, and microstructure observation etc. In addition, the effects of different sandblasting post-treatments were compared. And the effect of substrate material is investigated on the corrosion of coatings. It was concluded that the sandblasting particles remained on the substrate surface have effects on the failure of the coating. The peeling-off coating on the roller is also related with the formation of iron oxides. Less sand can be remained on the substrate surface when air purging and brushing is used after the sand-blasting compared with air purging or non-treatment is applied. The stainless steel shows more excellent corrosion resistance than the low carbon steel when they are used as substrate for WC-Co coatings.

Effects of Cr-Mo Infiltration Source Cathode Different Mixing Proportion on the Thickness of Alloy Layer

2011 ◽  
Vol 704-705 ◽  
pp. 1006-1010
Author(s):  
Jing Chun Zhang ◽  
Jin Yong Xu ◽  
Yong Yong Deng ◽  
Ya Juan Liu ◽  
Cheng Gao
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Plasma Nitriding ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Alloy Layer ◽  
Work Piece ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Plasma Surface ◽  
Microstructure Observation

Based on the plasma nitriding technique, the double glow plasma surface metallurgy (DG-PSM) technology was developed. This technology is also known as the Xu-Tec Process which utilizes solid metallic elements such as Ni, Cr, Mo, W, Ti, Al, Nb, Zr and their combinations to accomplish plasma surface alloying. Mo-Cr strengthened coating was prepared on the surface of low carbon steel Q235 by this technology. This coating is used to high wear resistant cold die LD steel. By experiment of the three different prescriptions in source cathode, the effect of source cathode composition on the coating has been studied. The technological parameters were as follows: The ratio of Mo and Cr were 2:1, 4:1 and 6:1. The work-piece material is Q235 low carbon steel. Holding time is 4h. Holding temperature 1050°C.Source cathode structure was threadiness. The consequences of composition analysis and microstructure observation results show that, most approaches the purpose of this research is the ratio of Mo and Cr is 6:1, and the alloyed layer has stronger adhesion with substrate.

Formation of Structure of HVOF Sprayed WC-Co Coating on a Copper Substrate

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.V. Sobolev ◽  
J.M. Guilemany ◽  
J.A. Calero
Keyword(s):  
Crystalline Structure ◽  
Substrate Surface ◽  
Copper Substrate ◽  
Interfacial Region ◽  
Solidification Velocity ◽  
Spray Parameters ◽  
Hvof Spraying ◽  
Mechanisms Of Development ◽  
Oxygen Fuel ◽  
Cooling Velocity

Abstract Mathematical modelling of the formation of the WC-Co coating structure and adhesion on copper substrate during high velocity oxygen-fuel (HVOF) spraying is provided. Smooth (polished) and rough (grit blasted) substrates are considered. Variations of solidification time, solidification velocity, thermal gradient, and cooling velocity in the coating and substrate interfacial region are studied. Formation of the amorphous and crystalline structures in the coating and of the crystalline structure in the substrate interfacial region is investigated. Behaviour of the crystal size and intercrystalline distance with respect to the thermal spray parameters and morphology of the substrate surface is analysed. Optimal conditions for the development of fine and dense crystalline structure are determined. Mechanical and thermal mechanisms of development of the substrate-coating adhesion are discussed. Results obtained agree well with experimental data.

scholarly journals FEM Simulation of the Riveting Process and Structural Analysis of Low-Carbon Steel Tubular Rivets Fracture

Materials ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 374
Author(s):  
Jaroslaw Jan Jasinski ◽  
Michal Tagowski
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Fracture Mechanism ◽  
Fem Simulation ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Structural Defects ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Assembly Process ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Explicit Integration

Riveted joints are a common way to connect elements and subassemblies in the automotive industry. In the assembly process, tubular rivets are loaded axially with ca. 3 kN forces, and these loads can cause cracks and delamination in the rivet material. Such effects at the quality control stage disqualify the product in further assembly process. The article presents an analysis of the fracture mechanism of E215 low-carbon steel tubular rivets used to join modules of driver and passenger safety systems (airbags) in vehicles. Finite element method (FEM) simulation and material testing were used to verify the stresses and analysis of the rivet fracture. Numerical tests determined the state of stress during rivet forming using the FEM-EA method based on the explicit integration of central differences. Light microscopy (LM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and chemical composition analysis (SEM-EDS) were performed to investigate the microstructure of the rivet material and to analyze the cracks. Results showed that the cause of rivet cracking is the accumulation and exceeding of critical tensile stresses in the rivet flange during the tube processing and the final riveting (forming) process. Moreover, it was discovered that rivet fracture is largely caused by structural defects (tertiary cementite Fe,Mn3CIII along the boundaries of prior austenite grains) in the material resulting from the incorrectly selected parameters of the final heat treatment of the prefabricate (tube) from which the rivet was produced. The FEM simulation of the riveting and structural characterization results correlated well, so the rivet forming process and fracture mechanism could be fully investigated.

Failure analysis of liquid-nitrided low carbon steel gears

Wear ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.S.Chandrasekhara Murthy ◽  
A.Ramamohana Rao
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Failure Analysis ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Low Carbon

Characterization of Local Bolt (C= 0.071%) after Surface Hardened at a Temperature of 400 °C for 7 Hours with RF Plasma Nitrocarburizing Apparatus

2014 ◽  
Vol 575 ◽  
pp. 446-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Usman Sudjadi
Keyword(s):  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Rf Plasma ◽  
Material Surface ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Sample Number ◽  
Microstructure Observation ◽  
Plasma Nitrocarburizing

Surface hardening on local bolt (C = 0.071%) with Radio Frequency (RF) - plasma nitrocarburizing apparatus has been carried out. Some local bolt component was cleaned with distilled water. The type of material of local bolt component was low carbon steel, carbon concentration 0.071%. After that the local bolt component was cleaned with acetone. The natural oxide layer on the surface of the local bolt material was etched with HF for 1 until 3 minutes. The local bolt component was cleaned again with distillation water. Then the local bolt component was sprayed with nitrogen gas. After that the local bolt component was hardened on the material surface with RF plasma nitrocarburizing at a temperature of 400 °C, for holding time 7 hours. Sample number 1 was sample before nitrocarburization. Sample number 2 was sample after nitrocarburization at a temperature of 400 °C, for 7 hours. Then the local bolt component was cut with mower as samples for microstructure observed. The samples were mounted, polished, and etched for microstructure observation with optical microscope. The surface hardness of the samples was tested with O.M.A.G micro-hardness Vickers, MHX 10, apparatus. The expenses tracking was 300 grf, and the times tracking was 15 seconds. The results show that the hardness of sample of bolt before nitrocarburization was 154.5 Kgf/mm2, after the sample was nitrocarburized at a temperature of 400 °C for 7 hours, the maximum hardness on the surface increased up to 205.6 Kgf/mm2. Matrixes on the base material were austenite, ferrite, and perlite.

Sputter Deposition and Thermally Induced Phase Transformation of Non-BCC Chromium Thin Films

1993 ◽  
Vol 311 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. O'Keefe ◽  
S. Horiuchi ◽  
J.J. Chu ◽  
J.J. Rigsbee
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Thin Films ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Substrate Material ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Thermally Induced ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sputter Deposited ◽  
Cr Film

ABSTRACTThe crystal structure of sputter deposited chromium thin films on Coming 7059 glass, polytetrafluoroethylene, and cold rolled (110) oriented low carbon steel α-Fe substrates was investigated as a function of O and C incorporation into the growing Cr film. The as-deposited crystal structure of the films was found by X-ray diffraction to be either highly oriented (110) BCC α-Cr or (200) oriented A-15 δ-Cr. Chemical analysis of the films by Auger electron spectroscopy determined that the δ-Cr phaseformed when the combined O and C impurity concentration in the film was ∼15-30 at.%. At total impurity concentrations above ∼30 at.% or below ∼10 at.% standard BCC α-Cr formed. The crystal structure of the films was not influenced by the substrate material. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of the Cr 2pl/2-2p3/2 orbitals indicated that the dominate binding state of both the BCC α-Cr and A-15 δ-Cr films was characteristic of elemental Cr. Vacuum annealing of the A-15 δ-Cr films at 500º for one hour transformed the crystal structure into BCC α-Cr without a measurable change in chemical composition. The incorporation of O and C into the growing Cr film is believed to impurity stabilize the A-15 structure and favor its formation over the BCC structure.

scholarly journals Preliminary Studies on HVOF Sprayed Coatings on Magnesium Alloys

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Ewa Jonda ◽  
Leszek Łatka ◽  
Grzegorz Więcław
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Surface Engineering ◽  
Thermal Spraying ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Hvof Spraying ◽  
Foundry Alloys ◽  
Oxygen Fuel ◽  
Sprayed Coatings

In the field of the development of modern techniques, which improve and/or regenerate the component’s surface properties, High Velocity Oxygen Fuel (HVOF) spraying of carbides or metals and their alloys is a good alternative method to other conventional surface engineering ones, including magnesium foundry alloys. Coatings manufactured by thermal spraying are used to improve the durability and life time of machine parts, both the new and regenerated ones, by changing the surface layer properties. In this work the results of HVOF sprayed coatings deposited onto AZ31 magnesium alloy substrate are reported. The feeding material was composite powder Cr3C2–NiCr. The coatings were investigated in terms of their microstructure and selected mechanical properties. For structure examinations, microscopy studies (light and scanning ones) were used as well as phase composition analysis. In the case of mechanical properties, the wear resistance was determined also microhardness was measured.

Surface Modification of Low Carbon Steel by Using Electrophoretic Deposition Technique with Graphene Oxide Powder

2020 ◽  
Vol 302 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Pichawan Nemee ◽  
Nittaya Jaitanong ◽  
Suparut Narksitipan
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Electrophoretic Deposition ◽  
Steel Surface ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Substrate Surface ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Columnar Crystal ◽  
Carbon Steel Surface

In this research, low carbon steel surface was modified using electrophoretic deposition (EPD) technique from a graphene oxide (GO) water suspension. The electrophoretic deposition (EPD) is the technique used for manipulation and deposition of nanomaterials. The GO coating was used as a layer to increase the hardness of low carbon steel. GO was successfully synthesized using the modified Hummers method. EPD technique was performed by applying voltage at 9 volts and the deposition time of 15 mins. The working distance between the cathode and anode was fixed at 15 mm. The GO film had been deposited by EPD technique where it was carburized at 900, 950, 1000 and 1050°C, for 60 mins. The microstructure of the carbide film was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). As the carburization temperature raised (1050°C), more volume carbon atoms reacted with iron atoms to form iron carbon (Fe3C) layer on to the substrate surface. The carbide films are columnar crystal growth with a particle size of approximately 50 μm. The growth rate of the carbide films at 1050°C is about 8 µm/min. Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS) was studied for chemical elements analysis. Fe, C and O elements were then detected. At carburization temperature of 1050°C, it showed that C element distribution is higher than others’ temperatures. Moreover, the hardness on the carbide films was investigated using a Vickers hardness tester under an applied load of 500 grams for 10 seconds. It was found that the hardness increased with the increasing carburization temperatures. The hardness of low carbon steel is 172.99 ± 2.28 HV. After the carburization processing via GO at temperature of 1050°C, the highest hardness of 821.42 ± 35.33 HV was obtained. It was observed that the mechanical properties of low carbon steel surface were found to be strongly influenced by the process of carburization temperature.

Plasma Polymerization of Fluorocarbon Thin Films on Glass and Metal Substrates

1993 ◽  
Vol 304 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. O'Keefe ◽  
J. M. Rigsbee
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Plasma Polymerization ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Substrate Material ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Graphite Target ◽  
Fluorocarbon Films ◽  
Deposited Films

AbstractPlasma polymerization of thin, fluorocarbon films onto glass, low carbon steel, and aluminium foil substrates using a hexafluoroethane (C2F6) glow discharge in a parallel plate, rf-sputter system was studied. Continuous, 100 nm thick fluoropolymer films were obtained when a graphite sputter target was used as the cathode material. Depositions conducted without the use of a consumable cathode produce continuous but thin (<10 nm) films of fluorocarbon material. Analysis of the plasma by optical emission spectroscopy determined that the dominant species in the discharge was CF2 for both target configurations. An increase in the intensity of specific CF2 transitions was observed when the graphite target was used. Characterization of the deposited films by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of the C 1s and F 1s photoelectrons was used to determine the atomic F/C ratio and distribution of CF3, CF2, CF, C-CF, and C binding states. Films fabricated with the graphite target had a lower F/C ratio than depositions made without a consumable target. However, the distribution of binding states and the F/C ratio in the fluoropolymer was dependent on the substrate material. The results of the study indicate that the fluoropolymer film composition was significantly influenced by the underlying substrate material.

scholarly journals KARAKTERISTIK ENGINE MOUNTING PADA TEMPERATUR AUSTENISASI TERHADAP SIFAT MEKANIS DAN STRUKTUR MIKRO

POROS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Garth Raditya ◽  
Erwin Siahaan ◽  
Abrar Riza
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Impact Test ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Charpy Impact ◽  
Charpy Impact Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Hardness Testing ◽  
Microstructure Observation

Engine mounting is one of the car component which is has optimize function to obtain thesystem in the car is extremely perfect. The engine mounting has to be have behavior ductile by strongestenough to support the car engine whether in rest and moving position. To obtain car engine mountingwhich has these function it has to be treated by treatment. The method was used by using Heat TreatmentSystem which we were Hardening and Tempering. Heat treatment of engine mounting is needed toanalyze the microstructure and mechanical properties of low carbon steel used. Tests carried out attemperatures of 800oC, 850oC, 900oC and normal conditions without heat treatment. Then continued withimpact charpy testing, vickers hardness testing, microstructure observation using microscope and SEM.The tests are carried out in accordance with ASTM E23, ASTM E92, ASTM A370 standards. The Vickerstest results provide the lowest HV value of 118.7Hv at 900oC, while the normal condition is at 137.409Hv.The charpy impact test results give the lowest value of 0.06 j / mm2 under normal conditions, while at900oC at 0.0962 j / mm2. The results with microscopy and SEM, the greater the temperature given to heattreatment, the less pearlite will be, while the amount of ferrite and austenite increases which makes theengine mounting more toughness.

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