Effect of Annealing on the Properties of SnSe Film Prepared by Thermal Vacuum Evaporation in the Presence of Argon Gas

2014 ◽  
Vol 1024 ◽  
pp. 323-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nordin Sabli ◽  
Zainal Abidin Talib ◽  
Mat Yunus Wan Mahmood ◽  
Zulkarnain Zainal ◽  
Hikmat S. Hilal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Vacuum Evaporation ◽  
Photoelectrochemical Properties ◽  
Film Electrode ◽  
Thermal Vacuum ◽  
Argon Gas ◽  
Different Temperatures

The differences in structural, compositional and photoelectrochemical properties for SnSe films annealed at different temperatures, under nitrogen atmosphere, were studied. Annealing the film electrode significantly improved its crystallinity but lowered its photoresponse. The photoresponse lowering was thus attributed to lowering in the defect concentrations.

CuZnSnSe Thin Film Electrodes Prepared by Vacuum Evaporation: Enhancement of Surface Morphology and Photoelectrochemical Characteristics by Argon Gas

2013 ◽  
Vol 756 ◽  
pp. 273-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nordin Sabli ◽  
Zainal Abidin Talib ◽  
Mat Yunus Wan Mahmood ◽  
Zulkarnain Zainal ◽  
Hikmat S. Hilal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Dilution Effect ◽  
Nucleation And Growth ◽  
Vacuum Evaporation ◽  
Inert Gas ◽  
Thermal Vacuum ◽  
Argon Gas ◽  
The One

CuZnSnSe thin films were deposited by thermal vacuum evaporation with and without argon gas stream at room temperature. Effect of argon gas on surface morphology and on photoelectrochemical (PEC) characteristics of the films was studied. The electrodes prepared under argon gas showed better enhanced characteristics, due to slower nucleation and growth due to dilution effect of the inert gas. While both electrodes showed soundly good PEC behaviors in a hexacyanoferrate(III)/hexacyanoferrate(II) redox couple, the electrode with argon gas showed 20 fold enhancement in photoactivity, compared to the one without argon gas. The results manifested thin film electrode performance can be enhanced simply by inclusion of argon inert gas inside the preparation chamber, with no need for other procedures such as annealing.

scholarly journals Effect of argon gas flow rate on properties of film electrodes prepared by thermal vacuum evaporation from synthesized Cu2SnSe3 source

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nordin Sabli ◽  
Zainal Abidin Talib ◽  
Wan Mahmood Mat Yunus ◽  
Zulkarnain Zainal ◽  
Hikmat S. Hilal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Vacuum Evaporation ◽  
Gas Flow Rate ◽  
Thermal Vacuum ◽  
Argon Gas

scholarly journals Film electrodes deposited from Cu2SnSe3 source in comparison with those deposited from SnSe and Cu2ZnSnSe4 sources by thermal vacuum evaporation: Effect of argon gas flow rate

2014 ◽  
Vol 139 ◽  
pp. 238-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nordin Sabli ◽  
Zainal Abidin Talib ◽  
Wan Mahmood Mat Yunus ◽  
Zulkarnain Zainal ◽  
Hikmat S. Hilal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Vacuum Evaporation ◽  
Gas Flow Rate ◽  
Thermal Vacuum ◽  
Argon Gas

scholarly journals Torrefaction Thermogravimetric Analysis and Kinetics of Sorghum Distilled Residue for Sustainable Fuel Production

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4246
Author(s):  
Shih-Wei Yen ◽  
Wei-Hsin Chen ◽  
Jo-Shu Chang ◽  
Chun-Fong Eng ◽  
Salman Raza Naqvi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Model ◽  
Pso Algorithm ◽  
Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Computational Method ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Design And Optimization ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analyzer ◽  
Model Free ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Kinetics Of

This study investigated the kinetics of isothermal torrefaction of sorghum distilled residue (SDR), the main byproduct of the sorghum liquor-making process. The samples chosen were torrefied isothermally at five different temperatures under a nitrogen atmosphere in a thermogravimetric analyzer. Afterward, two different kinetic methods, the traditional model-free approach, and a two-step parallel reaction (TPR) kinetic model, were used to obtain the torrefaction kinetics of SDR. With the acquired 92–97% fit quality, which is the degree of similarity between calculated and real torrefaction curves, the traditional method approached using the Arrhenius equation showed a poor ability on kinetics prediction, whereas the TPR kinetic model optimized by the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm showed that all the fit qualities are as high as 99%. The results suggest that PSO can simulate the actual torrefaction kinetics more accurately than the traditional kinetics approach. Moreover, the PSO method can be further employed for simulating the weight changes of reaction intermediates throughout the process. This computational method could be used as a powerful tool for industrial design and optimization in the biochar manufacturing process.

scholarly journals Development of Activated Carbon Using One Step Carbonization and Activation Reaction by Polymer Blend Method

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 156-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Manocha ◽  
Parth Joshi ◽  
Amit Brahmbhatt ◽  
Amiya Banerjee ◽  
Snehasis Sahoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Optimum Synthesis ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
One Step

In the present work, a one step carbon activation process was developed by stabilized poly-blend. It is carbonized in nitrogen atmosphere and activated in steam in one step for known interval of times to enhance the surface area and develop interconnected porosity. The weight-loss behavior during steam activation of stabilized poly-blend at different temperatures, surface area and pore size distribution were studied to identify the optimum synthesis parameters. The results of surface characteristics were compared with those of activated carbon prepared by carbonization and activation in two steps. It was found that activation temperature has profound effect on surface characteristics. As activation temperature was raised from 800 °C to 1150 °C, surface area of activated carbon increased about three times. In addition to surface area, average pore diameter also increases with increasing activation temperature. Thus, activated carbon with high percentage of porosity and surface area can be developed by controlling the activation temperature during activation process.

Study of thermogravimetric curves of LD Slag size fractions in oxygen and nitrogen atmosphere and effect of FeO and free lime on weight loss at different temperatures

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (4) ◽  
pp. 417
Author(s):  
Shrenivas Ashrit ◽  
Ravikrishna V. Chatti ◽  
Udayabhanu G. Nair ◽  
Venugopal Rayasam
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Calcium Silicate ◽  
Calcium Silicate Hydrate ◽  
Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Oxygen Atmosphere ◽  
Free Lime ◽  
Size Fractions ◽  
Steel Making ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Ld Slag

The thermogravimetric (TG) method offers a new approach to the study of the thermal degradation of LD Slag fines, which is a by-product produced in the Tata Steel plant, Jamshedpur during the steel making process. TG curves for LD Slag fines of different particle sizes in oxygen and nitrogen atmosphere from 100 to 900 °C were compared to each other to find the variation in the weight loss. Effect of FeO and free lime on weight loss of LD Slag fines was also discussed. Weight loss in the temperature range of 450–550 °C and then up to 700 °C confirmed the presence of calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, calcium silicate hydrate and calcite in LD Slag fines. Except −6.0 + 2.0 mm LD Slag fines, the weight loss in oxygen atmosphere is more than nitrogen atmosphere for other size fractions. The higher weight loss in nitrogen atmosphere than the oxygen atmosphere was attributed to the decomposition of calcium silicate hydrate and hydrated aluminate phases. Higher free lime values in finer LD Slag fractions than the coarser LD Slag fractions confirmed more volumetric stability of coarser LD Slag size fractions than the finer fractions due to powdering in the cooling process.

scholarly journals Influence of Various Process Parameters on the Density of Sintered Aluminium Alloys

10.14311/1604 ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateusz Laska ◽  
Jan Kazior
Keyword(s):  
Sintered Density ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Compaction Pressure ◽  
Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Green Density ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Metallurgy Industry

This paper presents the results of density measurements carried out on Alumix sintered parts. ECKA Alumix aluminium powders were used because of their wide application in the powder metallurgy industry. The compacts were produced using a wide range of compaction pressures for three different chemical compositions. The compacts were then sintered under a pure dry nitrogen atmosphere at three different temperatures. The heating and cooling rates were the same throughout the entire test. The results showed that the green density increases with compaction pressure, but that sintered density is independent of green density (compaction pressure) for each sintering temperature.

Formation of wear-resistant coatings on silicon probes for atomic force microscopy by thermal vacuum evaporation

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-119
Author(s):  
V. S. Antonyuk ◽  
S. O. Bilokin’ ◽  
M. O. Bondarenko ◽  
Yu. Yu. Bondarenko ◽  
Yu. I. Kovalenko
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Vacuum Evaporation ◽  
Thermal Vacuum ◽  
Wear Resistant ◽  
Wear Resistant Coatings ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Silicon Probes

A Comparative Study on the Morphology and Magnetic Properties of Barium and Strontium Hexaferrite Nanoparticles Synthesized by Co-Precipitation Method

2009 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 203-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sachin Tyagi ◽  
Ramesh Chandra Agarwala ◽  
Vijaya Agarwala
Keyword(s):  
Ultrafine Particles ◽  
Barium Hexaferrite ◽  
Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Strontium Hexaferrite ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Co Precipitation ◽  
Decomposition Behaviour

Nanocrystalline strontium hexaferrite (SrFe12O19) and barium hexaferrite (BaFe12O19) powders were synthesized by co-precipitation method. The ‘as synthesized’ powders were heat treated (HT) at different temperatures ranging from 800 to 1200°C at a heating rate of 30°C /min in nitrogen atmosphere. Decomposition behaviour and the phases associated therein are investigated by thermal analysis (DTA/DTG/TG) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Formations of ultrafine particles have been confirmed through field emission scanning electron microscop (FESEM). The superparamagnetic behavior of both, barium and strontium hexaferrite is confirmed by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The increase in saturation magnetization from 1.94 to 31.05 emu/gm in case of barium hexaferrite and from 2.44 to 43.38 emu/gm for strontium hexaferrite is observed with HT temperatures. The changes in coercivity and remanence with HT temperatures for both the ferrites are analysed.

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