Priority Selection of Weak Gel Flooding Formula on Heterogeneous Reservoir

2014 ◽  
Vol 1073-1076 ◽  
pp. 2248-2251
Author(s):  
Wen Xiang Wu ◽  
Xin Song ◽  
Yue Fu ◽  
Peng Fei Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Gelation Time ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Water Flooding ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Heterogeneous Reservoirs ◽  
Weak Gel ◽  
Core Displacement ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Gel System

Nowadays, most of the oilfields have been entered later development stage, it is difficult for reservoirs to depend on water flooding technology to improve recovery factor enormously. To satisfy deep flooding demand on heterogeneous reservoirs, the weak gel system is developed in the lab. Due to the mixture of organic chromium and HAPM, forming the organic weak gel system. HPAM concentration is from 1300mg/l to 1500mg/l and from 150mg/l to 210mg/l for cross-linking agent, the weak gel system formed stably with the high viscosity which is above 10000mp·s and moderate gelation time is from 45h to 130h.The best formula was selected with HPAM concentration 1500mg/l, and cross-linking agent concentration 210mg/l.The core displacement experiment shows the weak gel system has a well flooding effect on heterogeneous reservoirs, and its recovery rate increases 16.2%。

scholarly journals Formulation Development of High Strength Gel System and Evaluation on Profile Control Performance for High Salinity and Low Permeability Fractured Reservoir

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengli Zhang ◽  
Guodong Qu ◽  
Guoliang Song
Keyword(s):  
High Salinity ◽  
Crosslinking Agent ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Gel Strength ◽  
Water Flooding ◽  
Low Permeability ◽  
Control Performance ◽  
Formulation Development ◽  
Profile Control ◽  
Gel System

For the large pores and cracks of reservoirs with low temperatures, high salinity, and low permeability, a new type of high strength gel ABP system is developed in this paper. The defects of conventional gels such as weak gel strength, no gelling, and easy dehydration are overcome under the conditions of low temperature and high salinity. The temperature and salt resistance, plugging characteristics, and EOR of the gel system are studied. Under the condition of 32°C and 29500 mg/L salinity, the ABP system formulation is for 0.3% crosslinking agent A + 0.09% coagulant B + 3500 mg/L polymer solution P. The results show that when the temperature was increased, the delayed crosslinking time of the system was shortened and the gel strength was increased. The good plugging characteristics of the ABP system were reached, and the plugging rate was greater than 99% in cores with different permeability. A good profile control performance was achieved, and the recovery rate was improved by 19.27% on the basis of water flooding. In the practical application of the gel system, the salinity of formation water and the permeability of fractures are necessary to determine the appropriate formulation.

scholarly journals Sustainability Assessment in Water Infrastructure Projects—Existing Schemes and Challenges in Application

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2383
Author(s):  
Sonja Cypra ◽  
Fabian Knepper ◽  
Susanne Kytzia ◽  
Elke Petersson
Keyword(s):  
Sustainability Assessment ◽  
Stable Solution ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Water Infrastructure ◽  
Societal Challenges ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Planning Processes ◽  
Methodological Aspects ◽  
Ecological Dimension ◽  
Selection Of

Ecological, economic and societal challenges require decision-making and planning processes aiming at sustainability in water management. Such processes are increasingly informed and supported by sustainability assessment schemes. The focus of this article is on water infrastructure. A selection of national (German) and international assessment schemes is presented and compared. Both interdisciplinary schemes, applicable to a wide range of infrastructure measures, as well as schemes specialized in water infrastructure are considered. In addition to methodological aspects and dissemination, thematic priorities are analyzed and compared. Apart from methodological similarity, specialized schemes tend to be still in the development stage. In contrast, the interdisciplinary schemes have already been used commercially and have been applied in a considerable number of projects. The schemes considered differ significantly in the number of criteria. The interdisciplinary schemes tend to focus more on the ecological dimension while considering a small number of economic criteria. The assessment results depend on various subjective factors and the schemes do not produce true or false results in absolute terms. However, their application can make these factors visible and help identify the most stable solution with regard to different sustainability perspectives.

Model-based selection of the degree of cross-linking of cation exchanger resins for an optimised separation of monosaccharides

2020 ◽  
Vol 1610 ◽  
pp. 460565
Author(s):  
Martin Leipnitz ◽  
Andreas Biselli ◽  
Marcel Merfeld ◽  
Niklas Scholl ◽  
Andreas Jupke
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchanger ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals Delayed Crosslinking Amphiphilic Polymer Gel System with Adjustable Gelation Time Based on Competitive Inclusion Method

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Xu ◽  
Huiming Zhang ◽  
He Bian
Keyword(s):  
Gelation Time ◽  
Salt Resistance ◽  
Amphiphilic Polymer ◽  
Polymer Gel ◽  
Polymer Backbone ◽  
Temperature Resistance ◽  
Inclusion Method ◽  
Profile Control ◽  
Resistance Performance ◽  
Gel System

Delayed crosslinking polymer gel systems are widely utilized in deep profile control processes for water production control in oilfields. In this paper, a kind of delayed crosslinking amphiphilic polymer gel system with adjustable gelation time based on competitive inclusion was prepared and its delayed crosslinking gelling properties were studied. The amphiphilic polymer of P(acrylamide (AM)–sodium acrylate (NaA)–N-dodecylacrylamide (DDAM)) was synthesized and it showed much better salt resistance, temperature resistance, and shear resistance performance compared with hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM). Phenol can be controlled released from the the cavity of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) ring in the presence of the hydrophobic group used as the competitive inclusion agent in the amphiphilic polymer backbone. Accordingly, the gelation time of the delayed crosslinking amphiphilic polymer gel system is closely related to release rate of the crosslinker from the the cavity of β-CD ring. This study screened an amphiphilic polymer with good salt resistance and temperature resistance performance, which can be used in high temperature and high salinity reservoirs, and provided a feasible way to control the gelation time of the polymer gel system by the competitive inclusion method.

scholarly journals Metabolomic Markers for the Early Selection of Coffea canephora Plants with Desirable Cup Quality Traits

Metabolites ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gamboa-Becerra ◽  
Hernández-Hernández ◽  
González-Ríos ◽  
Suárez-Quiroz ◽  
Gálvez-Ponce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetically Modified Organisms ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
Coffea Canephora ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Conventional Breeding ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Coffee Plants ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Cup Quality

Genetic improvement of coffee plants represents a great challenge for breeders. Conventional breeding takes a too long time for responding timely to market demands, climatic variations and new biological threads. The correlation of genetic markers with the plant phenotype and final product quality is usually poor. Additionally, the creation and use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are often legally restricted and rejected by customers that demand natural products. Therefore, we developed a non-targeted metabolomics approach to accelerate conventional breeding. Our main idea was to identify highly heritable metabolites in Coffea canephora seedlings, which are linked to coffee cup quality. We employed a maternal half-sibs approach to estimate the metabolites heritability in open-pollinated plants in both leaves and fruits at an early plant development stage. We evaluated the cup quality of roasted beans and correlated highly heritable metabolites with sensory quality traits of the coffee beverage. Our results provide new insights about the heritability of metabolites of C. canephora plants. Furthermore, we found strong correlations between highly heritable metabolites and sensory traits of coffee beverage. We revealed metabolites that serve as predictive metabolite markers at an early development stage of coffee plants. Informed decisions can be made on plants of six months old, compared to 3.5 to 5 years using conventional selection methods. The metabolome-wide association study (MWAS) drastically accelerates the selection of C. canephora plants with desirable characteristics and represents a novel approach for the focused breeding of crops.

Assessment of NPV Uncertainty on Heterogeneous Reservoirs during Polymer Flood

2013 ◽  
Vol 448-453 ◽  
pp. 4033-4037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyung Wan Yu ◽  
Byung In Choi ◽  
Kun Sang Lee
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Water Saturation ◽  
Polymer Flooding ◽  
Water Flooding ◽  
Low Permeability ◽  
Oil Viscosity ◽  
Permeability Model ◽  
Heterogeneous Reservoirs ◽  
Polymer Flood ◽  
Porosity And Permeability

This study shows net present value (NPV) distribution by considering uncertainties in porosity, oil viscosity, water saturation, and permeability for polymer flood with Monte Carlo simulation. For high and low average permeability conditions, differences of NPV between polymer flooding and water flooding have been investigated. According to results both average NPV and range of NPV distribution tend to increase with porosity and permeability in all cases. Although water saturation and oil viscosity affect NPV, they are not important parameters that conclude uncertainty of NPV under the conditions considered in this study. For high permeability model which has Dykstra-Parsons coefficient (DP) as 0.72 and porosity as 0.3088, Monte Carol simulations for polymer flood show that 50th percentile (P50) of NPV is 352.81 M$. If porosity is decreased from 0.3088 to 0.1912, the P50 is also decreased 63.8 %. The reduction of NPV during polymer flooding in low permeability reservoirs are almost 40 % higher than that of water flood. These differences come from polymer adsorption and permeability reduction that easily occurs in low permeability zone. The procedure has proven to be useful tool to generate probability distribution of NPV when polymer flood is selected as a tertiary flood process.

Preparation and physical characterization of strongly swellable oligo(oxyethylene) lignin hydrogels

Holzforschung ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Passauer ◽  
Klaus Fischer ◽  
Falk Liebner
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Viscosity ◽  
Loss Modulus ◽  
Gelation Time ◽  
Rheological Behaviour ◽  
Diglycidyl Ether ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Available Water Content ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Poly Ethylene ◽  
Tan Δ

Abstract Highly swellable, mechanically stable hydrogels were obtained by cross-linking different technical lignins with poly(ethylene) glycol diglycidyl ether (PEGDGE). The gelation time and the properties of the products can be controlled by the extent of pre-oxidation and the cross-linking conditions, namely the dynamic viscosity η*, storage and loss modulus (G′; G″), and loss factor tan δ. The highest free swelling capacities (FSC) of up to 50 g water per g xerogel were obtained from pre-oxidized pine kraft lignin Indulin® AT and spruce organosolv lignin. Dynamic rheological measurements confirmed the typical rheological behaviour of gel structures, i.e. a linear decrease of dynamic viscosity about three orders of magnitude within a frequency range of 0.08 and 20 s-1. The results furthermore revealed a good mechanical sturdiness of the cross-linked lignin hydrogels. Sandy soils supplemented with small quantities of the hydrogels were found to feature a significantly increased plant-available water content. Based on the observed effects, oligo(oxyethylene) lignins are promising materials with respect to a prolonged water retention in soils.

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