The Moisture Sorption Characteristics of Dietary Potassium Diformate

2015 ◽  
Vol 1092-1093 ◽  
pp. 1565-1568
Author(s):  
Dao Hua Sun ◽  
Wen Shuang Lin ◽  
Fen Fen Lu
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Moisture Sorption ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Dietary Potassium ◽  
Critical Relative Humidity ◽  
Antibiotic Growth Promoters ◽  
Sorption Characteristics

Potassium diformate, a novel dietary additive, has been firstly authorized by the European Union as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters. The moisture sorption characteristics of potassium diformate were measured by the means of the static gravimetric method. The results indicated that the moisture sorption velocity of potassium diformate is linearly dependent on the relative humidity at 30 °C during the first 12 h. Moreover, the equilibrium moisture content was significantly influenced by relative humidity. The critical relative humidity of potassium diformate is 46.2%. Study on moisture sorption characteristics of potassium diformate will provide the reference to choose operating conditions of preparation and post-processing.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Bacillus: Metabolites and Their Mode of Action

Antibiotics ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Charlie Tran ◽  
Ian E. Cock ◽  
Xiaojing Chen ◽  
Yunjiang Feng
Keyword(s):  
World Health ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Agricultural Industry ◽  
Antibiotic Growth Promoters ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Harsh Conditions ◽  
Spore Forming Bacteria ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal

The agricultural industry utilizes antibiotic growth promoters to promote livestock growth and health. However, the World Health Organization has raised concerns over the ongoing spread of antibiotic resistance transmission in the populace, leading to its subsequent ban in several countries, especially in the European Union. These restrictions have translated into an increase in pathogenic outbreaks in the agricultural industry, highlighting the need for an economically viable, non-toxic, and renewable alternative to antibiotics in livestock. Probiotics inhibit pathogen growth, promote a beneficial microbiota, regulate the immune response of its host, enhance feed conversion to nutrients, and form biofilms that block further infection. Commonly used lactic acid bacteria probiotics are vulnerable to the harsh conditions of the upper gastrointestinal system, leading to novel research using spore-forming bacteria from the genus Bacillus. However, the exact mechanisms behind Bacillus probiotics remain unexplored. This review tackles this issue, by reporting antimicrobial compounds produced from Bacillus strains, their proposed mechanisms of action, and any gaps in the mechanism studies of these compounds. Lastly, this paper explores omics approaches to clarify the mechanisms behind Bacillus probiotics.

scholarly journals Dietary non-pharmacological alternatives to the use of antibiotics as growth promoters in swine

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (5-6-1) ◽  
pp. 77-85
Author(s):  
G. Biagi
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Immune Development ◽  
Low Weight ◽  
Growth Performances ◽  
Decision Alternative ◽  
Antibiotic Growth Promoters

The first weeks after weaning are a critical stage for piglets characterized by high incidence of diarrhoea and low weight gain. These problems were counteracted with the use of antibiotic growth promoters that may as a side-effect induce the selection of antibiotic-resistant genes in animal and human pathogens. For this reason, the European Union decided to completely ban the antibiotics used as growth promoters as of January 2006. As a consequence of this decision, alternative strategies to modulate the piglet gastrointestinal environment have been the object of many studies. The use of non-pharmaceutical dietary supplements, such as organic acids, prebiotics, probiotics, and essential oils has been shown to improve piglet post-weaning health and growth performances but results are sometimes controversial. Moreover, the role of molecules that can influence gastrointestinal and immune development in the newly weaned piglet has been investigated. The proper choice and use of a non-pharmacological dietary supplement might improve piglet productivity but it has to be considered that dietary supplements usually increase the feed price, which means that the gains in productivity should exceed the increased costs.

scholarly journals Experimental Determination of Moisture Sorption Isotherm of Fecal Sludge

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Bourgault ◽  
Paul Lessard ◽  
Claire Remington ◽  
Caetano C. Dorea
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Sorption Isotherms ◽  
Moisture Sorption ◽  
Critical Data ◽  
Moisture Sorption Isotherm ◽  
Fecal Sludge ◽  
Moisture Sorption Isotherms ◽  
Gab Model

Dewatering and drying of fecal sludge (FS) is a key treatment objective in fecal sludge management as it reduces volume (thereby reducing emptying frequency and associated transportation costs), inactivates pathogens, and is beneficial and/or necessary to resource recovery activities such as composting and combustion as fuel. However, studies on dewatering performances of FS are limited. The physical water distribution of such matrices is not fully understood, limiting the progress in the development and optimization of FS dewatering technologies. The objective of this study is to present a gravimetric method intended to assess the dewatering characteristics and associated modelling of FS through moisture sorption isotherms. Samples were placed in airtight jars containing different saturated salt (NaOH, CaCl2, NaCl, KCl, K2SO4) solutions to reproduce a range of relative humidity values (6 to 97%). Results confirmed the achievement of characteristic sigma-shaped moisture sorption isotherms with increasing moisture adsorption at higher values of relative humidity. Furthermore, experimental data best fit the three-parameter Guggenheim–Anderson–de Boer (GAB) model. This method can be replicated to contribute critical data about the characterization of fecal sludge, a seriously under-researched matrix.

scholarly journals Potassium Diformate : A New Alternative To Antibiotic Growth Promoters

1970 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Chowdhury ◽  
MN Haque ◽  
KMS Islam ◽  
MJ Khan
Keyword(s):  
Growth Promoter ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Main Mode ◽  
Special Effect ◽  
Growing Pig ◽  
Antibiotic Growth Promoters ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
Growth Promoting

Potassium diformate (Formi) is odorless, low-corrosive and easy to handle. The European Union (EU) has approved it as non-antibiotic growth promoter, for use in non ruminant feeds. Maximum inclusion level of potassium diformate is 1.8% as registered by the European authorities which can improve weight gain up to 14%. Potassium diformate contains the active ingredients free formic acid as well as formate has the strong anti microbial effect in stomach and also in duodenum. Potassium diformate with its growth promoting and health enhancing effect has proven to be an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters. Its special effect on the micro flora is regarded as the main mode of action. 1.8% potassium diformate in growing pig diets also significantly increase Feed intake and feed conversion ratio was significantly improved where growing pig diets was supplemented with 1.8% potassium diformate. It was also reduced pH in the stomach and duodenum. potassium diformate 0.9% significantly reduced the pH of duodenal digesta. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v37i2.9887 BJAS 2008; 37(2): 99-105

scholarly journals (211) Moisture Sorption Characteristics of Seeds of Five Ornamental Species

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 1071A-1071
Author(s):  
Roel Rabara ◽  
Miller McDonald ◽  
David Tay ◽  
Yael Vodovotz
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Equilibrium Moisture Content ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Moisture Sorption ◽  
Total Lipid Content ◽  
Tagetes Patula ◽  
Moisture Sorption Isotherm ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Ornamental Species ◽  
Sorption Characteristics

The moisture sorption characteristics of French marigold `Boy Golden' (Tagetes patula), upland aster (Aster ptarmicoides), Texas bluebonnet (Lupinus texenensis), impatiens `Infinity' (Impatiens wallerana), and scarlet sage `Scarlet Pimpernel' (Salvia splendens) was determined by allowing the seeds to equilibrate at different temperatures and relative humidities. The moisture sorption isotherm of the five ornamental species was determined at four different temperatures; i.e., 5, 15, 25, and 35 °C using seven different salt solutions (sodium hydroxide, lithium chloride, magnesium chloride, potassium carbonate, sodium bromide, sodium chloride, and potassium nitrate) having relative humidity ranging from 7% to 96%. The moisture content of the seeds after equilibrium was measured using the gravimetric method. Equilibrium moisture content at 5 °C ranged between 6.2% to 31.5%, 6.2% to 32%, 5.7% to 29.7%, and 6.8% to 16.1% for marigold, upland aster, scarlet sage, and Texas bluebonnet, respectively. At the highest temperature; i.e., 35 °C, the equilibrium moisture content observed ranged between 6.1% to 18.1%, 6% to 21.1%, 6.2% to 20.3%, and 9.1% to 15.6% for marigold, upland aster, scarlet sage and Texas bluebonnet, respectively. The rate of desorption was also determined in the imbibed seeds by drying the seeds in dry cabinet, with water loss recorded by a portable computer inside the cabinet. Total lipid content was also measured to correlate with the water content of the seed.

scholarly journals Moisture Sorption Studies of Kamsa:

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-509
Author(s):  
Hauwa L. Yusuf ◽  
Balarabe B. Isma’il ◽  
Amin Oderaa Igwegbe ◽  
Paul Y. Idakwo ◽  
Hadiza K. Bako
Keyword(s):  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Moisture Sorption ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Adsorption And Desorption ◽  
Bet Model ◽  
Temperature Ranges ◽  
Model Equations ◽  
Gab Model ◽  
Monolayer Moisture ◽  
Sorption Characteristics

The study was aimed at establishing storage stability indices of a traditional smoke dried product kamsa, produced from beef. The sample was produced using a standardized method and stored over a period of six months. Data for sorption studies was generated between the temperature ranges of 33.8oC to 50oC for adsorption and desorption using the gravimetric method. The data was analyzed using the Guggeinheim Anderson de Boer (GAB) and the Brunaeur Emmett Teller (BET) model equations. A nonlinear regression analysis method was used to evaluate the constants of the sorption equations. From the results using the GAB model, the monolayer moisture content (Mo) decreased from 0.021 to 0.008gH2O/g solids; the value of the constant K, increased from 0.587 to 1.052; and the value of CG decreased from 2.481 to 2.154. For desorption, the value of Mo decreased from 0.021 to 0.004g H2O/g solids; K increased from 0.587 to 1.035; CG increased from 2.173 to 2.646. The model gave low percent standard error values. The correlation coefficient (R) values obtained for both adsorption and desorption ranged from 0.998 to 0.999, and 0.991 to 1.000, respectively. The Mo values using the BET model at 33.8oC for both adsorption and desorption were 0.055, 0.055, 0.052, 0.049, 0.058, 0.055g H2O/g solid; and 0.057, 0.057, 0.052, 0049, 0.052, 0.057g H2O/g solid, respectively. At 50oC, the adsorption and desorption monolayer moisture values were 0.039, 0.047, 0.049, 0.049, 0.052, 0.058 gH2O/g solids; and 0.054, 0.047, 0.052, 0.052, 0.039, 0.052 gH2O/g solids, respectively. The study concluded that, the GAB model was more suitable in describing the sorption characteristics of Kamsa within the prescribed water activity and temperature ranges.

scholarly journals Moisture Sorption Characteristics and Storage Study of Grape Seeds Flakes

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Adelina Bogoeva ◽  
Albena Durakova ◽  
Velichka Yanakieva ◽  
Bozhidar Bozadzhiev
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Sorption Isotherms ◽  
Grape Seeds ◽  
Storage Study ◽  
Monolayer Moisture Content ◽  
Monolayer Moisture ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Sorption Characteristics

The current scientific research is focused on the sorption isotherms, monolayer moisture content and storage study of full-fatted grape seeds flakes (FGSF) of different grape variety locally grow in Bulgaria (Mavrud, Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah, Merlot, Dimyat and Sauvignon Blanc). To determine the sorption characteristics of FGSF, we are used a static gravimetric method of saturated salt solution and relative humidity from 0.11 to 0.90 at three different temperatures – 10, 25 and 40°C. In the condition of constant water activity and increasing temperatures, the sorption capacity of the product decrease. We are recommend the modified Henderson model for description of sorption isotherms of FGSF. The monolayer moisture content values are obtained by linearization of Braunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), in the range of Mmads = 2.32 ÷ 3.41, Mmdes = 2.59 ÷ 3.68. The three months storage study of samples was monitored at moisture value reduced to a value corresponded to the calculated monolayer moisture content. FGSF was packed in a co-extruded barrier film with copolymer covering for heat sealing, in the conditions for storage - temperature 18 ÷ 25°C and relative humidity 75 ÷ 85%. No living cells of pathogenic organisms (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella spp.) or apparent molding were detected. The flour particle size has not changed either.

scholarly journals Pretreatment with probiotics ameliorate gut health and necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens, a substitute to antibiotics

AMB Express ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danish Sharafat Rajput ◽  
Dong Zeng ◽  
Abdul Khalique ◽  
Samia Sharafat Rajput ◽  
Hesong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Necrotic Enteritis ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Broiler Performance ◽  
Antibiotic Growth Promoters ◽  
Microbial Strains

AbstractNecrotic enteritis (NE) is being considered as one of the most important intestinal diseases in the recent poultry production systems, which causes huge economic losses globally. NE is caused by Clostridium perfringens, a pathogenic bacterium, and normal resident of the intestinal microflora of healthy broiler chickens. Gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of broiler chicken is considered as the most integral part of pathogen’s entrance, their production and disease prevention. Interaction between C. perfringens and other pathogens such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella present in the small intestine may contribute to the development of NE in broiler chickens. The antibiotic therapy was used to treat the NE; however European Union has imposed a strict ban due to the negative implications of drug resistance. Moreover, antibiotic growth promoters cause adverse effects on human health as results of withdrawal of antibiotic residues in the chicken meat. After restriction on use of antibiotics, numerous studies have been carried out to investigate the alternatives to antibiotics for controlling NE. Thus, possible alternatives to prevent NE are bio-therapeutic agents (Probiotics), prebiotics, organic acids and essential oils which help in nutrients digestion, immunity enhancement and overall broiler performance. Recently, probiotics are extensively used alternatives to antibiotics for improving host health status and making them efficient in production. The aim of review is to describe a replacement to antibiotics by using different microbial strains as probiotics such as bacteria and yeasts etc. having bacteriostatic properties which inhibit growth of pathogens and neutralize the toxins by different modes of action.

scholarly journals The Biological Activity of Monarda didyma L. Essential Oil and Its Effect as a Diet Supplement in Mice and Broiler Chicken

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 3368
Author(s):  
Héloïse Côté ◽  
André Pichette ◽  
Alexis St-Gelais ◽  
Jean Legault
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Antibiotic Growth Promoters ◽  
Monarda Didyma

The use of growth-promoting antibiotics in livestock faces increasing scrutiny and opposition due to concerns about the increased occurrence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Alternative solutions are being sought, and plants of Lamiaceae may provide an alternative to synthetic antibiotics in animal nutrition. In this study, we extracted essential oil from Monarda didyma, a member of the Lamiaceae family. We examined the chemical composition of the essential oil and then evaluated the antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities of M. didyma essential oil and its main compounds in vitro. We then evaluated the effectiveness of M. didyma essential oil in regard to growth performance, feed efficiency, and mortality in both mice and broilers. Carvacrol (49.03%) was the dominant compound in the essential oil extracts. M. didyma essential oil demonstrated antibacterial properties against Escherichia coli (MIC = 87 µg·mL−1), Staphylococcus aureus (MIC = 47 µg·mL−1), and Clostridium perfringens (MIC = 35 µg·mL−1). Supplementing the diet of mice with essential oil at a concentration of 0.1% significantly increased body weight (+5.4%) and feed efficiency (+18.85%). In broilers, M. didyma essential oil significantly improved body weight gain (2.64%). Our results suggest that adding M. didyma essential oil to the diet of broilers offers a potential substitute for antibiotic growth promoters.

scholarly journals Retraction Note: Antibiotic growth promoters virginiamycin and bacitracin methylene disalicylate alter the chicken intestinal metabolome

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ujvala Deepthi Gadde ◽  
Sungtaek Oh ◽  
Hyun S. Lillehoj ◽  
Erik. P. Lillehoj
Keyword(s):  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Antibiotic Growth Promoters

Editor's Note: this Article has been retracted; the Retraction Note is available at https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-82285-2.

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