Modified Activated Carbon Electrodes for Electrosorption of NaCl from Aqueous Solution

2010 ◽  
Vol 113-116 ◽  
pp. 2134-2140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao Lin Chen ◽  
Xiao Wei Sun ◽  
Hong Fei Guo ◽  
Cun Yi Song
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Tio2 Nanoparticles ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Average Pore Size ◽  
Operation Mode ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Inorganic Ion ◽  
Enhanced Adsorption

Activated carbon (AC) electrodes to electrosorption NaCl from aqueous solution were modified. The electrodes were characterized using scanning electron micrograph (SEM), nitrogen adsorption and cyclic voltammetry. The electrosorption removal efficiency is improved by 3 M HNO3 modification due to increased hydrophilic groups enhance adsorption of inorganic ion. The electrosorption removal efficiency is decreased by 15 M HNO3 modification due to the combined effects of increased hydrophilic groups and decreased average pore size. The improvement of electrosorption performance by TiO2 nanoparticles modification due to TiO2 nanoparticles boned with the polar groups works as electrosorption sites with enhanced adsorption strength. The reversal operation mode is better than non-reversal operation mode for electrosorption application.

scholarly journals Removal of nitrate from synthetic aqueous solution and groundwater in a continuous pilot system using chemical activated carbon derived from walnut shell

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 784-795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abolghasem Alighardashi ◽  
Shooza Shahali
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Average Pore Size ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Walnut Shell ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Langmuir Adsorption ◽  
Bet Specific Surface Area ◽  
Nitrate Adsorption

Excessive nitrate in the water impose a danger to human health and contribute to eutrophication. The present continuous fixed bed pilot study was carried out using granular activated carbon made from walnut shell for removal of nitrate from aqueous solution and natural groundwater. The carbon was characterized using SEM, FTIR and BET. The BET specific surface area and average pore size before nitrate adsorption were 1434.6 m2g−1 and 2.08 nm, respectively, and after were 633.28 m2g−1 and 2.04 nm, respectively. Optimum removal of nitrate was achieved at a contact time of 2 min, pH of 6.5 and a nitrate concentration of 200 mg/l. The hydraulic loading rate was calculated to be 10 m3/h.m2 and the maximum adsorption capacity using the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model (R2 = 0.99) was 10 mg NO3/g. These experiments were also carried out using groundwater and the removal of nitrate decreased from 68% to 60% because of competition with other cations and anions.

Preparation of TiO2 Nanoparticles in the Solvothermal Method

2011 ◽  
Vol 474-476 ◽  
pp. 1672-1677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Qin Wang ◽  
Xiang Ni Yang ◽  
Xiu Li Zhao ◽  
Rui Jun Zhang ◽  
Yu Lin Yang
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Methyl Orange ◽  
Solvothermal Method ◽  
Average Pore Size ◽  
Hysteresis Loops ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Crystal Form ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Type Iv

TiO2 nanoparticles with excellent photocatalytic and degradation property were prepared in the solvothermal method. They were characterized by the means of the transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), the thermogravimetric analysis and differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and nitrogen adsorption. The photocatalytic and degradation property for the methyl orange aqueous solution was researched. The results showed that as-prepared TiO2 nanoparticles were spherical crystals, and the particle size was about 10 nm. They had integrated crystal form, high crystallinity and thermal stability. The adsorption-desorption isotherms of TiO2 particles corresponded to the typical type IV isotherm, which is a clear N2 hysteresis loops of type H4 in the desorption branch. The average pore size was 3.572 nm, the specific surface areas was 203.245 m2/g. Moreover, the obtained TiO2 particles had perfect photocatalytic and degradation property for the methyl orange aqueous solution. When reacted for 150 min, the degradation rate of the methyl orange aqueous solution was at the peak, up to 99.1%.

scholarly journals Preparation of High-Performance Activated Carbon from Coffee Grounds after Extraction of Bio-Oil

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 257
Author(s):  
Jie Ren ◽  
Nanwei Chen ◽  
Li Wan ◽  
Guojian Li ◽  
Tao Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Average Pore Size ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Micropore Volume ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Coffee Grounds ◽  
Bio Oil

In this study, a new method for economical utilization of coffee grounds was developed and tested. The resulting materials were characterized by proximate and elemental analyses, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and N2 adsorption–desorption at 77 K. The experimental data show bio-oil yields reaching 42.3%. The optimal activated carbon was obtained under vacuum pyrolysis self-activation at an operating temperature of 450 °C, an activation temperature of 600 °C, an activation time of 30 min, and an impregnation ratio with phosphoric acid of 150 wt.%. Under these conditions, the yield of activated carbon reached 27.4% with a BET surface area of 1420 m2·g−1, an average pore size of 2.1 nm, a total pore volume of 0.747 cm3·g−1, and a t-Plot micropore volume of 0.428 cm3·g−1. In addition, the surface of activated carbon looked relatively rough, containing mesopores and micropores with large amounts of corrosion pits.

scholarly journals Nanoporous Activated Carbon Derived from Rice Husk for High Performance Supercapacitor

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huaxing Xu ◽  
Biao Gao ◽  
Hao Cao ◽  
Xueyang Chen ◽  
Ling Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Specific Capacitance ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Average Pore Size ◽  
Nanoporous Carbon ◽  
Cycle Life ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Nanoporous Activated Carbon

Nanoporous activated carbon material was produced from the waste rice husks (RHs) by precarbonizing RHs and activating with KOH. The morphology, structure, and specific surface area were investigated. The nanoporous carbon has the average pore size of 2.2 nm and high specific area of 2523.4 m2 g−1. The specific capacitance of the nanoporous carbon is calculated to be 250 F g−1at the current density of 1 A g−1and remains 80% for 198 F g−1at the current density of 20 A g−1. The nanoporous carbon electrode exhibits long-term cycle life and could keep stable capacitance till 10,000 cycles. The consistently high specific capacitance, rate capacity, and long-term cycle life ability makes it a potential candidate as electrode material for supercapacitor.

scholarly journals Tetracycline Removal by Activating Persulfate with Diatomite Loading of Fe and Ce

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (23) ◽  
pp. 5531
Author(s):  
Chongning Lv ◽  
Jindou Shi ◽  
Qiuju Tang ◽  
Qi Hu
Keyword(s):  
Pore Size ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Average Pore Size ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Iron Dissolution ◽  
Tetracycline Degradation ◽  
Good Catalytic Activity ◽  
Oxidation Technology ◽  
Refractory Organics

Persulfate (PS)-based oxidation technology is efficient in removing refractory organics from water. A novel diatomite (DIA) support Fe and Ce composite (Fe-Ce/DIA) was prepared for activating persulfate to degrade tetracycline in water. The Fe and Ce were uniformly loaded on DIA, and the total pore size of Fe-Ce/DIA was 6.99 × 10−2 cm3/g, and the average pore size was 12.06 nm. Fe-Ce/DIA presented a good catalytic activity and 80% tetracycline was removed under the persulfate system. The Fe-Ce/DIA also had photocatalytic activity, and the corresponding tetracycline removal efficiency was 86% under UV irradiation. Fe-Ce/DIA exhibited less iron dissolution rate compared with Fe-DIA. The tetracycline degradation rate was enhanced when the temperature increased. The optimal tetracycline removal efficiency was obtained when the conditions were of persulfate 10 mM, Fe-Ce/DIA dosage 0.02 g/L, and tetracycline concentration 50 mg/L. In addition, Fe-Ce/DIA showed a wide pH application and good reusability and stability.

scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of Nanoporous Activated Carbon Derived from Prawn Shell and Its Application for Removal of Heavy Metal Ions

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Guo ◽  
Yaqin Song ◽  
Xiaoyang Ji ◽  
Lili Ji ◽  
Lu Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Heavy Metal Ions ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Average Pore Size ◽  
High Specific Surface Area ◽  
Koh Activation ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Effects Of Ph

The aim of this study was to optimize the adsorption performance of activated carbon (AC), derived from the shell of Penaeus vannamei prawns, on heavy metal ions. Inexpensive, non-toxic, and renewable prawn shells were subjected to carbonization and, subsequently, KOH-activation to produce nanoporous K-Ac. Carbonized prawn shells (CPS) and nanoporous KOH-activated carbon (K-Ac) from prawn shells were prepared and characterized by FTIR, XRD, BET, SEM, and TEM. The results showed that as-produced K-Ac samples were a porous material with microporous and mesoporous structures and had a high specific surface area of 3160 m2/g, average pore size of about 10 nm, and large pore volume of 2.38 m3/g. Furthermore, batches of K-Ac samples were employed for testing the adsorption behavior of Cd2+ in solution. The effects of pH value, initial concentration, and adsorption time on Cd2+ were systematically investigated. Kinetics and isotherm model analysis of the adsorption of Cd2+ on K-Ac showed that experimental data were not only consistent with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, but also well-described by the quasi-first-order model. Finally, the adsorption behaviors of as-prepared K-Ac were also tested in a ternary mixture of heavy metal ions Cu2+, Cr6+, and Cd2+, and the total adsorption amount of 560 mg/g was obtained.

Preparation and Characterization of Single and Mixed Activated Carbons Derived from Coconut Shell and Palm Kernel Shell through Chemical Activation Using Microwave Irradiation System

2017 ◽  
Vol 889 ◽  
pp. 215-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Anis Mohd Amran ◽  
Khudzir Ismail ◽  
Azil Bahari Alias ◽  
Syed Shatir Asghrar Syed-Hassan ◽  
Ali H. Jawad
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Iodine Number ◽  
Average Pore Size ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Percentage Removal

Single and mixed coconut shell (CS) and palm kernel shell (PKS) were successfully converted to activated carbon by using potassium hydroxide (KOH) as activating agent. Mixed activated carbon was produced from coconut shell: palm kernel shell at different KOH concentrations of 30%, 40% and 50%. Activation process was performed in a conventional microwave oven at fixed power and time of 600W and 20 minutes respectively. The results showed that activated carbon produced from single and mixed biomass at 40% concentration of KOH exhibited higher adsorption capacity for iodine number and percentage removal of MB with comparison to 30% and 50% of KOH concentrations. The highest BET surface area of 441.19 m2/g was obtained by CSAc-40. Further both CSAc-40 and PKSAc-40 produced an average pore size diameter of less than 2.0 nm which is in the range of micropore region. On contrary, the mixed CSPKSAc-40 produced an average pore size diameter of 6.0 nm which is in the region of mesopore. All the CSAc-40, PKSAc-40 and mixed CSPKSAc-40 showed similar adsorption trend for iodine number and percentage removal of MB. Interestingly, this finding showed that in the mixed activated carbon some chemical reactions might have occurred during the activation process producing mesoporous instead of microporous as obtained by the single biomass activated carbon.

Experimental Study on Using Fuxin Natural Zeolite to Prepare Molecular Sieves

2012 ◽  
Vol 454 ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
Zhi Jun Ma ◽  
Kuan Zhang ◽  
Yi Min Zhu ◽  
Yue Xin Han
Keyword(s):  
Aging Time ◽  
Crystallization Temperature ◽  
Molecular Sieves ◽  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Average Pore Size ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Crystallization Time ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Relative Crystallinity

In this paper, the natural zeolite as raw material, zeolites was prepared by organic amines hydrothermal synthesis. The results are characterized by SEM and nitrogen adsorption / de-commanded test,and study the influence of the aging time, crystallization temperature and crystallization time on zeolite crystallization. The results showed that using natural zeolite as raw material and butylamine as templating agent, average pore size of 0.77nm, the relative crystallinity of 96.34% of the zeolite was prepared in the hydrothermal system. Optimal aging time is 12h, crystallization time is 48h, crystallization temperature is 170 °C.

Effect of petroleum coke expanding by perchloric acid on the performance of the resulted activated carbon

2014 ◽  
Vol 07 (01) ◽  
pp. 1350066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei-Gen Deng ◽  
Ren-Qing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Petroleum Coke ◽  
Perchloric Acid ◽  
Average Pore Size ◽  
Interplanar Distance ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Power Performance ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Scan Rate ◽  
And Performance

Petroleum coke (PC) was expanded by using KMnO 4 as oxidant and HClO 4 as intercalator so as to decrease the amount of KOH needed for the successive activation. Activated carbon (AC) was prepared by activation of the expanded PC (EPC) at KOH /coke mass ratio of 3:1 (denoted as EAC-3). As a comparison, AC was also made by activation of PC at KOH /coke mass ratio of 3:1, 4:1 and 5:1 (denoted as AC-3, AC-4 and AC-5). Influence of expanding modification on the structure and performance of PC and AC was investigated. The results revealed that the expanding treatment increased the interplanar distance of PC microcrystalline from 0.344 to 0.362 nm and decreased the microcrystalline thickness from 2.34 to 1.57 nm. The specific surface area of EAC-3 and AC-5 was 3461 and 3291 m2⋅g-1, respectively. The average pore size of EAC-3 was 2.19 nm, which is 0.11 nm larger than that of AC-5. At a scan rate of 0.5 mV⋅s-1, EAC-3 and AC-5 achieved a specific gravimetric capacitance of 486 and 429 F⋅g-1, respectively. Supercapacitor based on EAC-3 possessed lower resistance and better power performance.

scholarly journals Comparison Study of Adsorption of Lead and Methylene Blue on Zeolite, Activated Carbon and Their Composite Materials

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 129-148
Author(s):  
Rafie Rushdy Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Batch Mode ◽  
Thermally Activated ◽  
Optimum Synthesis ◽  
Pseudo Second Order

In this study, composite materials consisting of Activated Carbon (AC) and Zeolite were prepared for application in the removal of methylene blue and lead from an aqueous solution. The optimum synthesis method involves the use of metakaolinization and zeolitization, in the presence of activated carbon from kaolin, to form Zeolite. First, Kaolin was thermally activated into amorphous kaolin (metakaolinization); then the resultant metakaolin was attacked by alkaline, transforming it into crystalline zeolite (zeolitization). Using nitrogen adsorption and SEM techniques, the examination and characterization of composite materials confirmed the presence of a homogenous distribution of Zeolite throughout the activated carbon. It has also shown the carbonization process did not destroy the crystalline structure of the zeolite, which was revealed to be intact. Experiments in batch mode were conducted (using three differently-prepared composites, zeolite and activated carbon), to investigate the removal of methylene blue and lead from the aqueous solution of the sorbents. Key experimental parameters (initial concentration, pH, contact time and adsorbent dosage) from the obtained results were measured and analysed. Freundlich and Langmuir models were used to describe the adsorption isotherms, and the observed adsorption kinetic adhered to pseudo-second order.  

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