A Review on Non-Asbestos Friction Materials: Material Composition and Manufacturing

2018 ◽  
Vol 1150 ◽  
pp. 22-42
Author(s):  
Dinesh Shinde ◽  
Kishore N. Mistry ◽  
Suyog Jhavar ◽  
Sunil Pathak
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Friction Material ◽  
Material Surface ◽  
Surface Wear ◽  
Friction Modifier ◽  
Friction Materials ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
The Impact

The peculiar feature of friction materials to absorb the kinetic energy of rotating wheels of an automobile to control the speed makes them remarkable in automobile field. The regulation of speed cannot be achieved with the use of single phase material as a friction material. Consequently, the friction material should be comprised of composite materials which consist of several ingredients. Incidentally, the friction materials were formulated with friction modifier, binders, fillers and reinforcements. Due to its pleasant physical properties, asbestos was being used as a filler. Past few decades, it is found that asbestos causes dangerous cancer to its inhaler, which provides a scope its replacement. Several attempts have been made to find an alternative to the hazardous asbestos. The efforts made by different researchers for the impact of every composition of composite friction material in the field are reviewed and studied for their effect on the properties of friction material. Surface morphological studies of different friction material are compared to interpret the concept of surface wear and its correlation with material properties.

Evaluation of the properties of polymer composites with carbon nanotubes in the aspect of their abrasive wear

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (95) ◽  
pp. 5-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Krzyżak ◽  
E. Kosicka ◽  
R. Szczepaniak ◽  
T. Szymczak
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Abrasive Wear ◽  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Polymer Matrix Composites ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Friction Modifier ◽  
The Impact

Purpose: Carbon nanotubes are used in composite materials due to the improvement of (including tribological) properties of composites, especially thermoplastic matrix composites. This demonstrates the potential of CNTs and the validity of research on determining the impact of this type of reinforcement on the composite materials under development. Design/methodology/approach: The article presents selected results of research on polymer composites made of C.E.S. R70 resin, C.E.S. H72 hardener with the addition of a physical friction modifier (CNTs) with a percentage by volume of 18.16% and 24.42%, respectively, which also acts as a reinforcement. The produced material was subjected to hardness measurements according to the Shore method and EDS analysis. The study of abrasive wear in reciprocating movement was carried out using the Taber Linear Abraser model 5750 tribotester and a precision weight. The surface topography of the composite material after tribological tests was determined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Some of the mentioned tests were carried out on samples made only of resin, used as the matrix of the tested polymer composite. Findings: Carbon nanotubes used in polymer matrix composites, including bisphenol A/F epoxy resin have an influence on the tribological properties of the material. The addition of carbon nanotubes contributed to a 24% increase in the Ra parameter relative to pure resin, to a level corresponding to rough grinding of steel. Research limitations/implications: The results of the tests indicate the need to continue research in order to optimize the composition of composites in terms of operating parameters of friction nodes in broadly understood aviation. Originality/value: The analysed literature did not find any studies on the impact of the addition of carbon nanotubes on epoxy resins based on bisphenol A/F. Due to the wide scope of application of such resins, the properties of such composite materials in which carbon nanotubes are the reinforcing phase have been investigated.

scholarly journals Mechanical and Material Properties of Natural and Glass Fiber Hybrid Polyester Composites

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 3359-3362 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
Lower Volume ◽  
Game Plan ◽  
Polyester Composites ◽  
The Impact

Varieties in malleable and sway properties of Roselle fiber strengthened polyester composites brought about by the expansion of glass fiber have been broke down. Roselle fiber in blend with glass is great for making financially savvy composite materials. The impact of the game plan of glass and Roselle fiber in the arrangement of composites have additionally been considered. A volume portion of 0.12 glass blended with Roselle fiber gives 55.5 % expansion in the elasticity and 194 % expansion in the effect quality of the composites. The elasticity demonstrates the most noteworthy worth when a glass volume part of 0.14 is utilized and an interleaving course of action of glass and Roselle fiber is pursued. Be that as it may, when lower volume division of glass is utilized, a cozy blend of Roselle fiber and glass demonstrates the most astounding elasticity

Utilization of tyre rubber hybrid with ceramic and wood for impact energy absorption application

2021 ◽  
pp. 096739112110080
Author(s):  
M Sermaraj ◽  
K Ramanathan ◽  
A Athijayamani
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Impact Energy ◽  
Rubber Particle ◽  
Resin Matrix ◽  
Wood Dust ◽  
Neat Resin ◽  
Resin Sample ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
The Impact

The used tyre rubber, scrap ceramic tiles and wood dust are largely dumped into landfills, which create environmental pollution to the surrounding. The recycling of tyre rubber is very limited, but it has good property to absorb the impact energy. Hence, these materials are used to prepare the composite in the present work. Composite materials were prepared by the resin transfer moulding method with different weight percentage of particles. The tensile, flexural and impact strength of composite specimens were compared with other combination of composites and also with the neat resin sample specimen. The tensile and flexural strength of composites were decreased with the addition of the rubber. But, the rubber particle with the ceramic in the resin matrix increases the impact strength of composite by 45.91% when compared with the neat resin sample. The addition of rubber enhances the impact strength of composite materials with all the combination of particles. The better distribution and good interfacial adhesion of particles with a resin matrix along the fractured surface were observed by the scanning electron microscope. And also, the nature of failure was identified by morphological studies.

scholarly journals Tannery Shavings and Mineral Additives as a Basis of New Composite Materials

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (5(137)) ◽  
pp. 130-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Ławińska ◽  
Remigiusz Modrzewski ◽  
Wioleta Serweta
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Total Mass ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Material Structure ◽  
Static Tensile ◽  
New Material ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mineral Additives ◽  
Properties Of Composites

This paper analyses the possibility of using tannery shavings as a basis for new composite materials with specified properties. The new material was made by combining tannery shavings with an adhesive medium. Mineral additives, such as dolomite, kaolin and bentonite were used in an amount of 5% and 10% of the total mass of shavings as a filler. In order to point out the influence of mineral additives on the final composite structure, some physico–mechanical properties, such as tensile strength and elasticity were examined with the use of static tensile tests. The second part of the investigation involved the analysis of wetteability by immersion, because this property depends on several aspects, such as surface roughness and the material structure. Thus, changes in wetteability values can provide information about the impact of mineral additives on the material properties of composites. With regard to physico–mechanical and sorption properties obtained on the basis of experimental results, it was possible to define areas of possible applications of these materials in comparison with current methods.

Effects of Hair Fibers on Braking Friction Materials

2011 ◽  
Vol 399-401 ◽  
pp. 1725-1728
Author(s):  
Yun Hai Ma ◽  
Bao Gang Wang ◽  
Sheng Long Shen ◽  
Xue Ying Geng ◽  
Hong Lei Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Friction Material ◽  
Wear Property ◽  
Rockwell Hardness ◽  
Friction Materials ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Hair Fiber ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact

In this experiment, the effects of hair fibers on friction and wear property, Rockwell hardness and impact strength of friction materials were examined. The results showed that friction coefficient increases and stabilizes and specific wear rates were decrease as the hair fibers were filled and, particularly, 1% of the hair fiber content had a significant effect in the friction material. As temperature was changed, the stability of the friction coefficient of friction materials can be improved, the Rockwell hardness decrease and the impact strengths increase by way of increasing the content of hair fibers. The worn surfaces of friction materials were examined by scanning electron microscopy and wear mechanisms were analyzed. So it’s a kind of quite good non-asbestos friction material.

scholarly journals Effects of Alkyl-Substituted Polybenzoxazines on Tribological Properties of Non-Asbestos Composite Friction Materials

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 567
Author(s):  
Anun Wongpayakyotin ◽  
Chanchira Jubsilp ◽  
Sunan Tiptipakorn ◽  
Phattarin Mora ◽  
Christopher W. Bielawski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Aromatic Amines ◽  
Underlying Structure ◽  
Methyl Groups ◽  
Friction Materials ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Structure Properties ◽  
Crosslink Densities

A series of substituted polybenzoxazines was synthesized and studied as binders in non-asbestos friction composite materials. The structures of the polybenzoxazines were varied in a systemic fashion by increasing the number and position of pendant alkyl (methyl) groups and was accomplished using the respective aromatic amines during the polymer synthesis step. By investigating the key thermomechanical and tribological characteristics displayed by the composite materials, the underlying structure-properties relationships were deconvoluted. Composite friction materials with higher thermomechanical and wear resistance properties were obtained from polybenzoxazines with relatively high crosslink densities. In contrast, polybenzoxazines with relatively low crosslink densities afforded composite friction materials with an improved coefficient of friction values and specific wear rates.

scholarly journals Experimental Study of Plasma Plume Analysis of Long Pulse Laser Irradiates CFRP and GFRP Composite Materials

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 545
Author(s):  
Yao Ma ◽  
Chao Xin ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Guangyong Jin
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Laser Processing ◽  
Plasma Plume ◽  
Material Surface ◽  
Laser Fabrication ◽  
Breakdown Time ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Gfrp Composite ◽  
Damage Process ◽  
Long Pulse

The application of laser fabrication of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) has an irreplaceable advantage. However, the effect of the plasma generated in laser fabrication on the damage process is rarely mentioned. In order to further study the law and mechanism of laser processing, the laser process was measured. CFRP and GFRP materials were damaged by a 1064 nm millisecond pulsed laser. Moreover, the propagation velocity and breakdown time of plasma plume were compared. The results show that GFRP is more vulnerable to breakdown than CFRP under the same conditions. In addition, the variation of plasma plume and material surface temperature with the number of pulses was also studied. The results show that the variation trend is correlated, that is, the singularities occur at the second pulse. Based on the analysis of experimental phenomena, this paper provides guidance for plasma phenomena in laser processing of composite materials.

scholarly journals The Effect of Superabsorbent Polymers on the Microstructure and Self-Healing Properties of Cementitious-Based Composite Materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 700
Author(s):  
Irene A. Kanellopoulou ◽  
Ioannis A. Kartsonakis ◽  
Costas A. Charitidis
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Hybrid Structure ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Cementitious Composite ◽  
Superabsorbent Polymers ◽  
Porosity Reduction ◽  
Environment Control ◽  
The Impact

Cementitious structures have prevailed worldwide and are expected to exhibit further growth in the future. Nevertheless, cement cracking is an issue that needs to be addressed in order to enhance structure durability and sustainability especially when exposed to aggressive environments. The purpose of this work was to examine the impact of the Superabsorbent Polymers (SAPs) incorporation into cementitious composite materials (mortars) with respect to their structure (hybrid structure consisting of organic core—inorganic shell) and evaluate the microstructure and self-healing properties of the obtained mortars. The applied SAPs were tailored to maintain their functionality in the cementitious environment. Control and mortar/SAPs specimens with two different SAPs concentrations (1 and 2% bwoc) were molded and their mechanical properties were determined according to EN 196-1, while their microstructure and self-healing behavior were evaluated via microCT. Compressive strength, a key property for mortars, which often degrades with SAPs incorporation, in this work, practically remained intact for all specimens. This is coherent with the porosity reduction and the narrower range of pore size distribution for the mortar/SAPs specimens as determined via microCT. Moreover, the self-healing behavior of mortar-SAPs specimens was enhanced up to 60% compared to control specimens. Conclusively, the overall SAPs functionality in cementitious-based materials was optimized.

Probing the impact of material properties of core-shell SiO2@TiO2 spheres on the plasma-catalytic CO2 dissociation using a packed bed DBD plasma reactor

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 101468
Author(s):  
Periyasamy Kaliyappan ◽  
Andreas Paulus ◽  
Jan D’Haen ◽  
Pieter Samyn ◽  
Yannick Uytdenhouwen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Material Properties ◽  
Plasma Reactor ◽  
Packed Bed ◽  
Core Shell ◽  
Dbd Plasma ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals A FEM-Based 2D Model for Simulation and Qualitative Assessment of Shot-Peening Processes

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 2784
Author(s):  
Georgios Maliaris ◽  
Christos Gakias ◽  
Michail Malikoutsakis ◽  
Georgios Savaidis
Keyword(s):  
Process Parameters ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Shot Peening ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Elastoplastic Material ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
The Impact ◽  
2D Model

Shot peening is one of the most favored surface treatment processes mostly applied on large-scale engineering components to enhance their fatigue performance. Due to the stochastic nature and the mutual interactions of process parameters and the partially contradictory effects caused on the component’s surface (increase in residual stress, work-hardening, and increase in roughness), there is demand for capable and user-friendly simulation models to support the responsible engineers in developing optimal shot-peening processes. The present paper contains a user-friendly Finite Element Method-based 2D model covering all major process parameters. Its novelty and scientific breakthrough lie in its capability to consider various size distributions and elastoplastic material properties of the shots. Therewith, the model is capable to provide insight into the influence of every individual process parameter and their interactions. Despite certain restrictions arising from its 2D nature, the model can be accurately applied for qualitative or comparative studies and processes’ assessments to select the most promising one(s) for the further experimental investigations. The model is applied to a high-strength steel grade used for automotive leaf springs considering real shot size distributions. The results reveal that the increase in shot velocity and the impact angle increase the extent of the residual stresses but also the surface roughness. The usage of elastoplastic material properties for the shots has been proved crucial to obtain physically reasonable results regarding the component’s behavior.

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