Determination of DNJ of Mulberry Latex and Evaluation of the Hypoglycemic Effect on Mice

2011 ◽  
Vol 175-176 ◽  
pp. 36-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
He Yu Zhang ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Tai Chu Wang ◽  
Jin Zhu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Morus Spp ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Stem Leaf

Mulberry trees (Morus spp. Moraceae) are used for rearing the silkworm. Moraceae plants are characterized by the presence of latex, and mulberry trees exude latex when their stem, leaf or root were damaged. We found in the present study that mulberry latex contains very high concentrations of DNJ (0.63% wet weight, 4.5% dry weight), the DNJ content of latex varied with different part of tree and collecting time. The study also evaluated the antihyperglycemic effects of mulberry latex on streptozotocin induced diabetic mice. Diabetic mice were treated with mulberry latex or acarbose with food for 21 days. The results indicated that postprandial blood glucose and fasting-blood glucose level of mice were lowed, mulberry latex displayed a significant reduction ( P ≤ 0.05) in blood glucose. This finding suggested that mulberry latex have high value for herbal medicine as hypoglycemic function.

scholarly journals Study on Regulatory Effects of Yam Rice Powder (YRP) and its Ethanol Extract on Blood Sugar and Lipids and Reducing Oxidative Stress of Diabetic Mice/Patient

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Zhicai Zhang ◽  
Quanshan Sun ◽  
Ling Xu ◽  
Zhicai Zhang ◽  
Wenjing Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Regulatory Effects ◽  
Rice Powder

In the present study, we evaluated the hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and anti-peroxidative effects of yam rice powder (YRP) derived from Tremella aurantialba on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice and diabetic patients. Diabetic mice were treated with ethanol extract of YRP (EEYR) at three doses or YRP for 30 days. Diabetic patients were treated with ethanol extract solution of YRP (ESYR) for 4.5 months. Results indicated that EEYR administration significantly reduced levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum fructosamine, total cholesterol, total triglyceride and malondialdehyde, and increased glucose metabolism velocities and superoxide dismutase level in the serum compared with diabetic controls (p<0.01). Moreover, ESYR could replace chemical drugs to control the FBG and postprandial blood glucose levels of diabetic patients. Our results suggested that YRP could enhance hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant properties in STZ-induced diabetic mice and diabetic patients. Collectively, YRP might be used as food to prevent or manage diabetes.

BIOASSAY OF PROLACTIN

1969 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles S. Nicoll
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Assay Sensitivity ◽  
Mucosal Epithelium ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Total Dry Weight

ABSTRACT The response of the pigeon crop-sac to systemically acting prolactin (injected subcutaneously) was evaluated by measuring the wet weight of the responsive lateral lobes of the organ and by determining the dry weight of a 4 cm diameter disc of mucosal epithelium taken from one hemicrop. Of several different injection schedules tested, administration of prolactin in four daily injections was found to yield optimal responses. When compared with a graded series of prolactin doses, measurement of the mucosal dry weight proved to be a better method of response quantification than determination of the crop-sac wet weight with respect to both assay sensitivity and precision. The submucosal tissue of the crop-sac was estimated to constitute about 64 % of the total dry weight of the unstimulated organ and it was found to be relatively unresponsive to prolactin stimulation in comparison with the mucosa. The lipid content of the mucosal epithelium was determined using unstimulated crop-sacs or tissues which showed varying degrees of prolactin-induced proliferation. The fat content of the mucosal epithelial cells increased only slightly more rapidly than the dry weight or the defatted dry weight of the mucosa. Suggestions are made for the further improvement of the systemic crop-sac assay for prolactin.

scholarly journals Fasting Blood Glucose and 2-h Postprandial Blood Glucose Predict Hypertension: A Report from the REACTION Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1117-1128
Author(s):  
Yingkui Si ◽  
Anping Wang ◽  
Yunshuang Yang ◽  
Hongzhou Liu ◽  
Shi Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽  
Reaction Study

scholarly journals Experimental model for in vivo determination of dietary fibre and its effect on the absorption of nutrients in the small intestine

1981 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann-Sofie Sandberg ◽  
H. Andersson ◽  
B. Hallgren ◽  
Kristina Hasselblad ◽  
B. Isaksson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Direct Analysis ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Definition Of

1. An experimental model for the determination of dietary fibre according to the definition of Trowell et al. (1976) is described. Food was subjected to in vivo digestion in ileostomy patients, and the ileostomy contents were collected quantitatively, the polysaccharide components of which were analysed by gas–liquid chromatography and the Klason lignin by gravimetric determination. The model was used for the determination of dietary fibre in AACC (American Association of Cereal Chemists), wheat bran and for studies on the extent of hydrolysis of wheat-bran fibre in the stomach and small intestine. The effect of wheat bran on ileostomy losses of nitrogen, starch and electrolytes was also investigated.2. Nine patients with established ileostomies were studied during two periods while on a constant low-fibre diet. In the second period 16 g AACC wheat bran/d was added to the diet. The ileostomy contents and duplicate portions of the diet were subjected to determinations of wet weight, dry weight, water content, fibre components, starch, N, sodium and potassium.3. The wet weight of ileostomy contents increased by 94 g/24 h and dry weight by 10 g/24 h after consumption of bran. The dietary fibre of AACC bran, determined as the increase in polysaccharides and lignin of ileostomy contents after consumption of bran, was 280 g/kg fresh weight (310 g/kg dry matter). Direct analysis of polysaccharides and lignin in bran gave a value of 306 g/kg fresh weight. Of the added bran hemicellulose and cellulose 80–100% and 75–100% respectively were recovered in ileostomy contents. There was no significant difference between the two periods in amount of N, starch and K found in the ileostomy contents. The Na excretion increased during the ‘bran’ period and correlated well with the wet weight of ileostomy contents.4. In conclusion, it seems probable that determination of dietary fibre by in vivo digestion in ileostomy patients comes very close to the theoretical definition of dietary fibre, as the influence of bacteria in the ileum seems small. Bacterial growth should be avoided by using a technique involving the change of ileostomy bags every 2 h and immediate deep-freezing of the ileostomy contents. True dietary fibre can be determined by direct analysis of polysaccharides and lignin in the food, at least in bran. Very little digestion of hemicellulose and cellulose from bran occurs in the stomach and small bowel. The 10–20% loss in some patients may be due to digestion by the gastric juice or to bacterial fermentation in the ileum, or both. The extra amount of faecal N after consumption of bran, reported by others, is probably produced in the large bowel.

scholarly journals The Effects of Almonds on Gut Microbiota, Glycometabolism, and Inflammatory Markers in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 3377
Author(s):  
Omorogieva Ojo ◽  
Xiao-Hua Wang ◽  
Osarhumwese Osaretin Ojo ◽  
Amanda Rodrigues Amorim Adegboye
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Glycated Haemoglobin ◽  
Postprandial Blood Glucose

The use of nutritional interventions for managing diabetes is one of the effective strategies aimed at reducing the global prevalence of the condition, which is on the rise. Almonds are the most consumed tree nut and they are known to be rich sources of protein, monounsaturated fatty acids, essential minerals, and dietary fibre. Therefore, the aim of this review was to evaluate the effects of almonds on gut microbiota, glycometabolism, and inflammatory parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis was carried out according to the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA). EBSCOhost, which encompasses the Health Sciences Research Databases; Google Scholar; EMBASE; and the reference lists of articles were searched based on population, intervention, control, outcome, and study (PICOS) framework. Searches were carried out from database inception until 1 August 2021 based on medical subject headings (MesH) and synonyms. The meta-analysis was carried out with the Review Manager (RevMan) 5.3 software. Results: Nine randomised studies were included in the systematic review and eight were used for the meta-analysis. The results would suggest that almond-based diets have significant effects in promoting the growth of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing gut microbiota. Furthermore, the meta-analysis showed that almond-based diets were effective in significantly lowering (p < 0.05) glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and body mass index (BMI) in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, it was also found that the effects of almonds were not significant (p > 0.05) in relation to fasting blood glucose, 2 h postprandial blood glucose, inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein and Tumour necrosis factor α, TNF-α), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA–IR), and fasting insulin. The biological mechanisms responsible for the outcomes observed in this review in relation to reduction in HbA1c and BMI may be based on the nutrient composition of almonds and the biological effects, including the high fibre content and the low glycaemic index profile. Conclusion: The findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis have shown that almond-based diets may be effective in promoting short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria and lowering glycated haemoglobin and body mass index in patients with type 2 diabetes compared with control. However, the effects of almonds were not significant (p > 0.05) with respect to fasting blood glucose, 2 h postprandial blood glucose, inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein and TNF-α), GLP-1, HOMA–IR, and fasting insulin.

scholarly journals METS-IR, a novel score to evaluate insulin sensitivity, is associated with the urinary albumin–creatinine ratio in Chinese adults: A cross-sectional REACTION study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanlu Su ◽  
Jie Wang ◽  
Songyan Yu ◽  
Kang Chen ◽  
Wenhua Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Urinary Albumin ◽  
Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽  
Creatinine Ratio ◽  
Discriminative Ability ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Albumin Creatinine Ratio

Abstract BackgroundThe metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR) is a novel noninsulin-based metabolic index used as a substitution marker of insulin resistance. However, whether METS-IR is associated with the urinary albumin–creatinine ratio (UACR) is not well known. Therefore, we explored the associations between METS-IR and UACR and compared the discriminative ability of METS-IR and its components for elevated UACR. MethodsThis study included 37,290 subjects. METS-IR was calculated as follows: (Ln [2 × fasting blood glucose (FBG) + fasting triglyceride level (TG 0 )] × body mass index (BMI))/[Ln (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C))]. Participants were divided into four groups on the basis of METS-IR: <25%, 25%–49%, 50%–74%, and ≥75%. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the associations between METS-IR vs. its components (FBG, TG 0 , BMI, and HDL-C) with UACR. ResultsParticipants with the highest quartile METS-IR presented a more significant trend towards elevated UACR than towards its components (odds ratio [OR]: 1.260, 95% CI: 1.152–1.378, P < 0.001 in all subjects; OR: 1.321, 95% CI: 1.104–1.579, P = 0.002 in men; OR: 1.201, 95% CI: 1.083–1.330, P < 0.001 in women). There were significant associations between METS-IR and UACR in younger participants (<65 years for women and 55–64 years for men). Increased METS-IR was significantly associated with UACR in men with FBG ≥ 5.6 mmol/L or postprandial blood glucose ≥ 7.8 mmol/L and systolic blood pressure ≥ 120 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 80 mmHg. The relationships were significant in women with diabetes and hypertension.ConclusionsIncreased METS-IR was significantly associated with elevated UACR, and its discriminative power for elevated UACR was superior to that of its components. This findings support the clinical significance of METS-IR for evaluating renal function damage.

scholarly journals Influence of Patient Characteristics on The Type of Insulin Therapy Obtained by Diabetes Type 2 Outpatient in Denpasar Municipality

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Luh Putu Febrayana Larasanty ◽  
I GNA. Dewantara Putra ◽  
Rhyce Dewata Sari ◽  
Komang Dede Saputra ◽  
I GA. Gede Minanjaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Insulin Therapy ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Postprandial Blood Glucose

This study aims to investigate the influence of patient characteristics on the choice of insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus outpatients in Denpasar municipality. This is a descriptive analysis study using the patient's medical records as research material. Patients who meet inclusion and exclusion criteria are being recorded based on their medical records. Characteristics that are taken are age, gender, fasting blood glucose level (FBG), 2-hour postprandial blood glucose level (2-hours PPG) and HbA1c values of patients. Types of insulin therapy gained from patient medical records and drug use report in pharmacy. Characteristics data and type of insulin analyzed using correlation test to determine the effect of the patient characteristics on the selection of insulin therapy. 43 patients became the research subject. Males gendered patients (72.09%) and the patients aged less than 65 years (90.70%) are the dominant characteristics of the research subjects. The average value of FBG of patients is 212 mg / dL; 2-hours PPG 280 mg / dL and HbA1c 10.1%. There is a correlation between sex, age, HbA1c value and FBG with the type of insulin obtained by patients (p <0.05). Based on the results of statistical tests, age and gender have a strong correlation on insulin choice, HbA1c and FBG level has a moderate influence and 2-hours PPG have a weak correlation. Patient characteristics had an influence on the type of insulin choice for diabetes mellitus type 2 outpatient in the Denpasar municipality.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF OXIDATIVE STRESS AND ANTIOXIDANT STATUS BETWEEN TYPE II DIABETES PATIENTS AND HEALTHY POPULATIONS

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 264
Author(s):  
Sudharshan Reddy Nelli ◽  
Nilesh Kumar Sharma ◽  
Manoj Kumar P ◽  
Surya S Singh
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Diabetes Patient ◽  
Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
South Indian

Introduction: The aim of the present study is to profile the serum antioxidative enzymes, catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) level in Type II diabetes mellitus patients in comparison to healthy volunteers in the South Indian population.Methodology: A prospective, observational, case–control study was conducted for 1 year with a total of 120 patients including 90 Type II diabetes patients (case group) and 30 healthy volunteers (control group). Blood was collected from these volunteers, and serum levels of CAT, GPx, and SOD were estimated. In addition, they were also monitored for the fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and postprandial blood glucose. Data were statistically analyzed applying unpaired t-test and Pearson correlation with the statistical significance of p<0.05.Results: The diabetes patient group showed significant higher levels of glycated hemoglobin, fasting blood glucose and postprandial blood glucose (p<0.0001). There was asignificant lower level in the RBC levels of superoxide dismutase in case group compared to control group 3859.00±381.8 (mean+SD) and 5862.7±209.45 (mean+SD) Units per gram Hb, (t-value 27.35, p-Value <0.0001). Catalase and Glutathione peroxidase RBC levels also showed significant lower levels in the case group compared to the control group (catalase 212.7±19.08 (mean±SD) and 396.47±10.83 (mean±SD) Units per gram Hb; T value=50.07 and p<0.0001)(Glutathione peroxidase11.7 ±01.09 (mean +SD) and 18.6 ± 01.00 (mean +SD) Units per gram Hb; t value=30.26 and p<0.0001).Conclusion: A significant reduction in serum levels of antioxidative enzymes, CAT, GPx, and SOD was observed in the South Indian Type II diabetes patient population.

scholarly journals Postprandial Blood Glucose Outweighs Fasting Blood Glucose and HbA1c in screening Coronary Heart Disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingjing Jiang ◽  
Lin Zhao ◽  
Liu Lin ◽  
Minghui Gui ◽  
Qiqige Aleteng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Postprandial Blood Glucose
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