Experimental Study on Anaerobic Fermentation of Steam Explosion Pretreated Corn Stalk

2011 ◽  
Vol 183-185 ◽  
pp. 1975-1978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Tao Wang ◽  
Hua Zhen Cai ◽  
Li Sha Liu
Keyword(s):  
Steam Explosion ◽  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Steam Pressure ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Corn Stalk ◽  
Medium Temperature ◽  
Production Area ◽  
Pretreatment Technology

Using the steam exploded pretreatment technology to process the corn stalk, and then the pretreated corn stalk were used the materials of anaerobic fermentation under the temperature 35°C. Experimental results show that: the biogas production per unit of pretreated corn stalk increased 16.8 % ~ 63.2% than the unexploded corn stalk. The gas production can up to the peak (484.3ml / g dry steam exploded straw) under the condition (retained time 90s, pressure 3.0Mpa). The longer the retained time is the earlier the gas production peak occurs under the same steam pressure and the peak range become wider. The main gas production area is the former 20d, the production amount to about 80% of total production, while the gas production of untreated straw fermentation in is only 60% of total production under medium temperature.

Study of Methane Production by High Temperature Anaerobic Fermentation of Chicken Manure and Stalks

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 551-557
Author(s):  
Yongku Li ◽  
Xiaomin Hu ◽  
Lei Feng
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Production Rate ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Biogas Slurry ◽  
Production Rates

The changing parameters, as the biogas production rate, the methane production rate, the cumulative biogas amount, the cumulative methane amount, the biogas composition, pH etc. in high temperature anaerobic fermentation of chicken manure and stalks were analyzed by experiments with different mass ratios of chicken manure or livestock manure and stalks with a high C/N ratio. The methane production mechanism of high temperature anaerobic digestion of chicken manure and stalks was discussed in detail. It showed that not only the biogas production rates but also the methane production rates of R1–R7 demonstrated the trend of initial increase and then decrease after 50 d of high temperature anaerobic digestion. Besides, the gas production of R1 with pure chicken manure stopped on the 30th d of the reaction. The gas production of other groups R2–R7 also stopped on the corresponding 34th, 36th, 36th, 37th, 37th, and 37th day, respectively. At the end of the reaction, the cumulative biogas amounts and the cumulative methane amounts of R1–R7 were 411.58 and 269.54, 459.91 and 314.41, 425.32 and 294.11, 401.85 and 272.54, 382.63 and 257.07, 363.04 and 218.16, and 257.15 and 160.10 N ml/(g VS). The biogas slurry pH of R1–R7 all demonstrated a trend of initial decrease and then increase, e. g., pH of R2 reached the minimum of 5.94 on the 5th day. pH values of other groups were between 6.01 and 6.39. After the addition of 4 g of sodium bicarbonate on the 7th day, biogas slurry pH of R1–R7 all increased. pH was maintained between 7.16 and 7.44 until the end of the reaction.

A Study on Dry Anaerobic Fermentation Technology of Pineapple Leaf Residue

2011 ◽  
Vol 236-238 ◽  
pp. 178-182
Author(s):  
Yi Guo Deng ◽  
Jin Li Wang ◽  
Jing Jiao ◽  
Yong Zheng ◽  
Gang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Orthogonal Experiment ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Inoculum Size ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Fermentation Temperature ◽  
Leaf Residue

A self-designed constant temperature fermenter was manufactured and used for this study. Dry anaerobic fermentation experiments were conducted with sugarcane leaf residue as raw material. With the C/N ratio being 25:1, various total solids concentrations (TS), inoculum sizes and fermentation temperatures were selected to study biogas production characteristics. The experiment results showed that biogas yield increased rapidly during the initial stage of reaction, decreased quickly after reaching the peak, and the decrease slowed down at some level. Orthogonal experiment results showed that both fermentation temperature and solids concentration showed significant effects on gas production yield. Fermentation temperature showed the most significant effect, while the effect of inoculum size was not significant on gas yield. The optimum fermentation performance was obtained at 20% solid content, 35°C fermentation temperature, and 30% inoculum size.

scholarly journals Application of BS4-enzyme on the methane production from mixture of cattle manures and waste paper

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 238
Author(s):  
Tuti Haryati ◽  
A. P. Sinurat ◽  
B. Listian ◽  
H. Hamid ◽  
T. Purwadaria
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Time ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Transformation Efficiency ◽  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Waste Paper ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

<p class="abstrak2">Cellulose from abundant newspaper waste could be transformed into methane through anaerobic fermentation. This research was carried out to compare the gas production including methane between samples containing feces and waste paper mixture as inoculum and substrate, respectively and added with and without BS4 enzyme. The enzyme was produced in Indonesian Research Institute of Animal Produce (IRIAP) by growing Eupenicillium javanicum BS4 in coconut meals. There were three treatments,  i.e., 30% manure (M30); 15 %  manure + 15 % paper waste  (MP 30); MP30 + 3 mL BS4 enzyme equal to 0.42 U/g dry matter (MPE30) The percentage of waste papers addition in feces was calculated on dry matter (DM) basis and every treatment had five replications. Total gas and methane productions were measured weekly, while dry matter losses were determined during 5 week fermentation. Interactions between treatments and incubation time were analyzed using completely randomized design each week. Kind of substrates influenced both total gas and methane productions during incubation time. Both waste papers and enzyme addition enhanced gas production. The highest total gas and methane productions for five weeks incubation were highly significantly observed (P&lt;0.01) in MP30 and MPE30 compared to M30. Addition of enzyme significantly increased total gas and methane productions in the first week. The highest methane and total gas yield/g dry matter were obtained by BS4 enzyme addition. It was concluded that BS4 enzyme is good in accelerating and increasing the transformation efficiency of waste paper and manure mixture for biogas production.</p><p><strong>Key Words</strong>: Methane, Fibrenolytic-Enzyme, Waste Papers, Cattle Manures</p>

scholarly journals Anaerobic Digestion of Steam-Exploded Wheat Straw and Co-Digestion Strategies for Enhanced Biogas Production

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (22) ◽  
pp. 8284
Author(s):  
Fokion Kaldis ◽  
Denise Cysneiros ◽  
James Day ◽  
Kimon-Andreas G. Karatzas ◽  
Afroditi Chatzifragkou
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Steam Explosion ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Distillers Grains With Solubles ◽  
Dried Distillers Grains ◽  
Pre Treatment

Wheat straw (WS) is considered a favourable substrate for biogas production. However, due to its rigid structure and high carbon to nitrogen (C/N ratio), its biodegradability during anaerobic digestion (AD) is usually low. In the present study, the effect of steam explosion pre-treatment on WS, combined with C/N adjustment with inorganic nitrogen, on biogas production was evaluated. Additionally, co-digestion of WS with protein-rich agri-industrial by-products (dried distillers’ grains with solubles (DDGS) and rapeseed meal (RM)) was assessed. Steam explosion enhanced biogas production from WS, whereas the addition of NH4Cl was beneficial (p < 0.05) for the digestion of steam-exploded wheat straw (SE). Furthermore, mono-digestion of the four different substrates seemed to be efficient in both inoculum to substrate ratios (I/S) tested (3.5 and 1.75 (w/w)). Finally, during co-digestion of WS and SE with DDGS and RM, an increase in the cumulative methane production was noted when higher amounts of DDGS and RM were co-digested. This study demonstrated that DDGS and RM can be used as an AD supplement to stimulate gas production and improve wheat straw biodegradability, while their addition at 10% on an AD system operating with WS can enhance gas yields at levels similar to those achieved by steam-exploded straw.

Anaerobic Fermentation Characteristics of Corn Straw Pretreated by Steam Explosion

2012 ◽  
Vol 512-515 ◽  
pp. 334-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gui Zhuan Xu ◽  
Shuai Yao Fan ◽  
Bai Liang Zhang ◽  
Jie Bo Liu
Keyword(s):  
Retention Time ◽  
Steam Explosion ◽  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Steam Pressure ◽  
Methane Content ◽  
Corn Straw ◽  
Fermentation Liquid ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Explosion Method

The anaerobic fermentation characteristics of green and dried corn straw pretreated by steam explosion method were investigated. The steam pressure and retention time were 1.0Mpa and 90s, TS of fermentation liquid were 2% and 4%. It was shown that the fermentation cycle of green straw is shorter than that of the dried one by 4-7 days, the gas productivity of green straw is 220 mL/gVS, which is higher than that of dried one (153 mL/gVS) while TS is 2%, but there is no significant difference between the green and dried corn straw while TS is 4%, the average methane content in biogas produced from green straw is slightly less than that of the dried one.

Effect of Biogas Production Characteristics of Dry Anaerobic Fermentation of Wheat Straw Pretreated by a Microbial Community with High Cellulose-Degradation Ability

2011 ◽  
Vol 347-353 ◽  
pp. 2996-3000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Ling Niu ◽  
Lei Liu ◽  
Quan Guo Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Cellulose Degradation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Microbial System ◽  
Pretreated Wheat Straw

The study on the changes of composition and content reducing sugar of wheat straw after pretreated with composite microbial system for degrading cellulose was carried out, and the experimental study on the dry anaerobic fermentation of the pretreated wheat straw was followed. The results showed for pretreated wheat straw there is a significant increase for the amount of reducing sugar, the hemicellulose content decreased 49.43%, the cellulose content also decreased a little, but the lignin content had little change. For the dry anaerobic fermentation process, the reaction is started fast, the pH values declined faster in the prophase for the pretreated straw, the mixed biogas production and the methane content have been increased over that of non-pretreated wheat straw, and the gas was produced more steadily. The accumulated gas production had been to 4810mL, which was more than the non pretreated straw, before the maximum gas production was appeared.

scholarly journals New mixtures and technologies for biogas production at biogas plants of agricultural type processing livestock slurry

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 62-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kára ◽  
Z. Pastorek ◽  
J. Mazancová ◽  
I. Hanzlíková
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Waste Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Municipal Sludge

The basis of the biogas production in agriculture is the processing of waste agricultural products (particularly excrements of farm animals but also phytomass). Different but rather similar is the biogas production from biologically degradable municipal waste (BDMW) and biologically degradable industrial waste (BDIW) coming mainly from food industry. The processing of these wastes in agricultural biogas stations could significantly improve their economy. It is necessary to note that all these biogas stations differ from the wastewater cleaning plants where municipal sludge water from public sewers is processed. The municipal sludge water processing to biogas by anaerobic fermentation is a classical technology introduced all over the world. At present, about 100 wastewater cleaning plants operate in the Czech Republic using regular sludge processing into biogas. Electricity produced is utilised mainly for the needs of own operation of waste water treatment plant (WWTP), partly it is sold into public power net. The heat energy is used for heating in the process and its surplus is utilised for operational and administrative facilities. Usually, the heat and electricity quantities produced do not cover the wastewater cleaning plant operation. Agricultural biogas stations and biogas stations for BDMW processing provide considerably higher gas yields because they work with higher dry matter contents in substratum, i.e. 8–12% (compared with waste water treatment plants – 2–6%), and are able to produce high gas surpluses for following applications. Frequently discussed issue are the processing of slaughter waste and grass (or public green areas at biogas stations).

scholarly journals Effect of Mixing Regimes on Cow Manure Digestion in Impeller Mixed, Unmixed and Chinese Dome Digesters

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 2540
Author(s):  
Abiodun O. Jegede ◽  
Grietje Zeeman ◽  
Harry Bruning
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Volatile Solid ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Ch4 Production ◽  
Mixing Regime

This study examines the effect of mixing on the performance of anaerobic digestion of cow manure in Chinese dome digesters (CDDs) at ambient temperatures (27–32 °C) in comparison with impeller mixed digesters (STRs) and unmixed digesters (UMDs) at the laboratory scale. The CDD is a type of household digester used in rural and pre-urban areas of developing countries for cooking. They are mixed by hydraulic variation during gas production and gas use. Six digesters (two of each type) were operated at two different influent total solids (TS) concentration, at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 30 days for 319 days. The STRs were mixed at 55 rpm, 10 min/hour; the unmixed digesters were not mixed, and the Chinese dome digesters were mixed once a day releasing the stored biogas under pressure. The reactors exhibited different specific biogas production and treatment efficiencies at steady state conditions. The STR 1 exhibited the highest methane (CH4) production and treatment efficiency (volatile solid (VS) reduction), followed by STR 2. The CDDs performed better (10% more methane) than the UMDs, but less (approx. 8%) compared to STRs. The mixing regime via hydraulic variation in the CDD was limited despite a higher volumetric biogas rate and therefore requires optimization.

scholarly journals Heavy-Metal Phytoremediation from Livestock Wastewater and Exploitation of Exhausted Biomass

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2239
Author(s):  
Monika Hejna ◽  
Elisabetta Onelli ◽  
Alessandra Moscatelli ◽  
Maurizio Bellotto ◽  
Cinzia Cristiani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Livestock Wastewater

Sustainable agriculture is aimed at long-term crop and livestock production with a minimal impact on the environment. However, agricultural practices from animal production can contribute to global pollution due to heavy metals from the feed additives that are used to ensure the nutritional requirements and also promote animal health and optimize production. The bioavailability of essential mineral sources is limited; thus, the metals are widely found in the manure. Via the manure, metallic ions can contaminate livestock wastewater, drastically reducing its potential recycling for irrigation. Phytoremediation, which is an efficient and cost-effective cleanup technique, could be implemented to reduce the wastewater pollution from livestock production, in order to maintain the water conservation. Plants use various strategies for the absorption and translocation of heavy metals, and they have been widely used to remediate livestock wastewater. In addition, the pollutants concentrated in the plants can be exhausted and used as heat to enhance plant growth and further concentrate the metals, making recycling a possible option. The biomass of the plants can also be used for biogas production in anaerobic fermentation. Combining phytoremediation and biorefinery processes would add value to both approaches and facilitate metal recovery. This review focuses on the concept of agro-ecology, specifically the excessive use of heavy metals in animal production, the various techniques and adaptations of the heavy-metal phytoremediation from livestock wastewater, and further applications of exhausted phytoremediated biomass.

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