scholarly journals Heavy-Metal Phytoremediation from Livestock Wastewater and Exploitation of Exhausted Biomass

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2239
Author(s):  
Monika Hejna ◽  
Elisabetta Onelli ◽  
Alessandra Moscatelli ◽  
Maurizio Bellotto ◽  
Cinzia Cristiani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Livestock Wastewater

Sustainable agriculture is aimed at long-term crop and livestock production with a minimal impact on the environment. However, agricultural practices from animal production can contribute to global pollution due to heavy metals from the feed additives that are used to ensure the nutritional requirements and also promote animal health and optimize production. The bioavailability of essential mineral sources is limited; thus, the metals are widely found in the manure. Via the manure, metallic ions can contaminate livestock wastewater, drastically reducing its potential recycling for irrigation. Phytoremediation, which is an efficient and cost-effective cleanup technique, could be implemented to reduce the wastewater pollution from livestock production, in order to maintain the water conservation. Plants use various strategies for the absorption and translocation of heavy metals, and they have been widely used to remediate livestock wastewater. In addition, the pollutants concentrated in the plants can be exhausted and used as heat to enhance plant growth and further concentrate the metals, making recycling a possible option. The biomass of the plants can also be used for biogas production in anaerobic fermentation. Combining phytoremediation and biorefinery processes would add value to both approaches and facilitate metal recovery. This review focuses on the concept of agro-ecology, specifically the excessive use of heavy metals in animal production, the various techniques and adaptations of the heavy-metal phytoremediation from livestock wastewater, and further applications of exhausted phytoremediated biomass.

scholarly journals Investigation of Heavy Metal Effects on the Anaerobic Co-Digestion Process of Waste Activated Sludge and Septic Tank Sludge

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Quang-Minh Nguyen ◽  
Duy-Cam Bui ◽  
Thao Phuong ◽  
Van-Huong Doan ◽  
Thi-Nham Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Waste Activated Sludge ◽  
Digestion Process ◽  
Cod Removal Efficiency

The effect of copper, zinc, chromium, and lead on the anaerobic co-digestion of waste activated sludge and septic tank sludge in Hanoi was studied in the fermentation tests by investigating the substrate degradation, biogas production, and process stability at the mesophilic fermentation. The tested heavy metals were in a range of concentrations between 19 and 80 ppm. After the anaerobic tests, the TS, VS, and COD removal efficiency was 4.12%, 9.01%, and 23.78% for the Cu(II) added sample. Similarly, the efficiencies of the Zn(II) sample were 1.71%, 13.87%, and 16.1% and Cr(VI) efficiencies were 15.28%, 6.6%, and 18.65%, while the TS, VS, and COD removal efficiency of the Pb(II) added sample was recorded at 16.1%, 17.66%, and 16.03% at the concentration of 80 ppm, respectively. Therefore, the biogas yield also decreased by 36.33%, 31.64%, 31.64%, and 30.60% for Cu(II), Zn(II), Cr(VI), and Pb(II) at the concentration of 80 ppm, compared to the raw sample, respectively. These results indicated that Cu(II) had more inhibiting effect on the anaerobic digestion of the sludge mixture than Zn(II), Cr(VI), and Pb(II). The relative toxicity of these heavy metals to the co-digestion process was as follows: Cu (the most toxic) > Zn > Cr > Pb (the least toxic). The anaerobic co-digestion process was inhibited at high heavy metal concentration, which resulted in decreased removal of organic substances and produced biogas.

scholarly journals Isolation and Molecular Identification of Virulence, Antimicrobial and Heavy Metal Resistance Genes in Livestock-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Pathogens ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chumisa C. Dweba ◽  
Oliver T. Zishiri ◽  
Mohamed E. El Zowalaty
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
South African ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Heavy Metal Resistance ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Metal Resistance ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Methicillin Resistant

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most important pathogens of humans and animals. Livestock production contributes a significant proportion to the South African Gross Domestic Product. Consequently, the aim of this study was to determine for the first time the prevalence, virulence, antibiotic and heavy metal resistance in livestock-associated S. aureus isolated from South African livestock production systems. Microbial phenotypic methods were used to detect the presence of antibiotic and heavy metal resistance. Furthermore, molecular DNA based methods were used to genetically determine virulence as well as antibiotic and heavy metal resistance determinants. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmed 217 out of 403 (53.8%) isolates to be S. aureus. Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method was conducted to evaluate antibiotic resistance and 90.8% of S. aureus isolates were found to be resistant to at least three antibiotics, and therefore, classified as multidrug resistant. Of the antibiotics tested, 98% of the isolates demonstrated resistance towards penicillin G. High resistance was shown against different heavy metals, with 90% (196/217), 88% (192/217), 86% (188/217) and 84% (183/217) of the isolates resistant to 1500 µg/mL concentration of Cadmium (Cd), Zinc (Zn), Lead (Pb) and Copper (Cu) respectively. A total of 10 antimicrobial resistance and virulence genetic determinants were screened for all livestock associated S. aureus isolates. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates were identified, by the presence of mecC, in 27% of the isolates with a significant relationship (p < 0.001)) with the host animal. This is the first report of mecC positive LA-MRSA in South Africa and the African continent. The gene for tetracycline resistance (tetK) was the most frequently detected of the screened genes with an overall prevalence of 35% and the highest prevalence percentage was observed for goats (56.76%) followed by avian species (chicken, duck and wild birds) (42.5%). Virulence-associated genes were observed across all animal host species. The study reports the presence of luks/pv, a gene encoding the PVL toxin previously described to be a marker for community acquired-MRSA, suggesting the crossing of species between human and livestock. The high prevalence of S. aureus from the livestock indicates a major food security and healthcare threat. This threat is further compounded by the virulence of the pathogen, which causes numerous clinical manifestations. The phenomenon of co-selection is observed in this study as isolates exhibited resistance to both antibiotics and heavy metals. Further, all the screened antibiotic and heavy metal resistance genes did not correspond with the phenotypic resistance.

Field Scale Phytoremediation Experiments on a Former U Mining Site and Further Processing of the Plant Material

2013 ◽  
Vol 825 ◽  
pp. 516-519
Author(s):  
Daniel Mirgorodsky ◽  
Delphine Ollivier ◽  
Lukasz Jablonski ◽  
Dirk Merten ◽  
Sabine Willscher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Seepage Water ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Field Scale ◽  
Joint Project

The remediation of large heavy metal/radionuclide (HM/R) contaminated areas by conventional ex-situ techniques (excavation or chemical treatment/-stabilization) is expensive, and low cost strategies with a long-term stabilization effect of such sites are a task of next years research. Phytoremediation can be an alterative solution and sustainable technology since low treatment costs make it feasible even for such sites. Field scale investigation is applied to an area of the former uranium mining in East Thuringia, Germany. On this area, a low grade uranium ore leaching dump was situated, which was later removed during the remediation process of the site. Now, an underground remains that is slightly to moderately contaminated with heavy metals and radionuclides (HM/R) with restrictions of land use. Concepts for remediation of HM/R-contaminated sites and for the subsequent utilization of the HM/R-loaded plant residues are developed in a joint project. Plant experiments with Triticale, Helianthus annuus,Brassica juncea and Sorghumbicolor were performed revealing the influence of biological additives (mycorrhiza, HM-resistant streptomyces) and soil amendment strategies (increasing pH and organic matter) on biomass production and plant tolerance to heavy metals. The addition of mycorrhiza and streptomyces (MS) had a significant effect on biomass, and decreased the bioavailable parts of HM/R (e.g. Ni, Sr, U) in soil in comparison to untreated polluted soil with all studied plants. In lysimeter experiments it was figured out, that the different soil improvement strategies, addition of MS and of calcareous top soil (MIX) resulted in a reduction of the concentration of contaminants in the seepage water, as well as of the seepage water rates and loads, thus decreasing the risk of groundwater contamination. Finally, the processing of the heavy metal loaded plant residues was investigated by different methods. Fermentation experiments carried out with Solanum tuberosum and Secale cereale achieved good results compared with industrial standards. Remaining plant parts can be processed in a biogas process, or combusted. Fermentation sludges and combustion ashes act as sinks for HM/R. As results of the project, phytoremediation is a convenient method for the stabilization and remediation of large sites with slight to medium contaminations, and a further utilization of the plant residues by fermentation and biogas production is feasible.

Heavy metal contamination of animal feedstuffs – a new survey

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Elliott ◽  
A. Frio ◽  
T. Jarman
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Contamination Levels ◽  
Cadmium And Lead ◽  
The Eu

SummaryContamination of feedstuffs and ingredients with heavy metals poses a major problem for animal health and the transmission of toxic substances within the human food chain, as these elements can be accumulated into meat, egg and milk products. This paper reports on the levels of the three metals, arsenic, cadmium and lead, that exceed EU permitted levels, within premixes and complete feeds (total of 3417 samples) destined for a variety of animal species and taken from different countries during the period 2009–2016. For this period, 20% of all samples were contaminated at levels above the EU limit. In complete feed, ruminants were at the highest risk of exposure with 47% of samples being contaminated. Lead posed the major risk for minerals and cadmium posed the highest risk for premixes during the sampling period. When compared by country, contamination levels varied widely, with the highest contamination determined for Canada with 50% of samples being above the EU limit. To mitigate problems with heavy metals in animal feeds, due diligence in terms of sampling and testing is a necessary tool to evaluate level of risk. Research has shown that trace minerals can be sources of these heavy metals so the industry should be more diligent regarding their provider's quality guarantees. In addition, feeds identified with contamination should not be fed to animals to ensure that these heavy metal toxins are not passed into edible food products, thus providing safety in the food chain.

scholarly journals Phytoremediation technology for removal of heavy metals: A brief review

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-33
Author(s):  
Geetanjali Singh ◽  
Ram Singh
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Pollution Abatement ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Heavy Metal Accumulation ◽  
Agricultural Fields ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Removal Of Heavy Metals

Heavy metals, when exceeds the permissible limits, regarded as environmental pollutants. The agricultural fields, along with countryside areas are the most affected areas due to heavy metal contaminants affecting the crop yields. When these heavy metals find their way into the food chain possess a serious threat to plant and animal health. The industrial discharge, mining waste, chemical fertilizer industries are some of the main sources of heavy metal accumulation. The removal or reduction of these heavy metals from the agricultural fields are the unceasing requirements. One of the important and easy methods is removal or reduction with the help of plants which is known as phytoremediation, and it takes advantage of the remarkable ability of plants to concentrate elements and compound from the environment. This technology is immerging as a cost-effective way to address high cost involved in pollution abatement technologies. Toxic heavy metals and organic pollutants are the major targets for phytoremediation. This review article discusses the state of phytoremediation technology for the removal of heavy metals mainly from the soil.

Resoluteness of biogas potential of Cr, Pb & Cd accumulated green algae Spirogyra sp. and Oscillatoria sp.

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (01) ◽  
pp. 5224
Author(s):  
Nayana Hasmukhbhai Brahmbhatt* ◽  
R. T. Jasrai ◽  
Rinku V. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Algal Biomass ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Maximum Value

Water pollution due to heavy metals are spreading world-wide along with industrial progress. In this research work cultivation of Spirogyra sp. & Oscillatoria sp. were done and wastewater treatment of heavy metal such as Cr, Cd & Pb was accumulated by algae. After treatment of algae Spirogyra sp. & Oscillatoria sp. were decomposed and to prepare compost. The production of biogas from algal biomass becomes economically feasible and cheaper. This present study revealed that the nutrient content of natural compost was recorded about C- 38.5%, N- 3.31%, P- 1.02%, & K- 3.42%, heavy metal content of Cd- BDL, Pb- 0.21ml/mg & Cr- 0.01ml/mg and biogas value 19.19 l/kg. The maximum value of biogas was recorded at 30 ppm concentration (27.95 l/kg) of algal compost as compare to natural compost (19.19 l/kg) in Spirogyra sp. The experimental study concluded that the selected algae showed better biogas production as compared to natural. Whereas out of selected two algae, Spirogyra sp. gave better outcome as compare to Oscillatoria sp. Thus, Study suggested that algal biomass constitute a promising, efficient, cheap, decayed material for making compost and biogas production.

INFLUENCE OF THE ECOLOGICAL STATE OF THE SEREPOK RIVER (VIETNAM) ON ACCUMULATION OF HEAVY METALS IN ORGANS OF FISH

2017 ◽  
pp. 98-105
Author(s):  
Ngo The Cuong ◽  
Tran Hoan Quoc ◽  
Svetlana Vasilievna Zolotokopova
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
River Water ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Industrial Areas ◽  
Industrial Regions ◽  
Cadmium Lead ◽  
Sarotherodon Galilaeus ◽  
Water Bottom

The article focuses on the study of change of containing heavy metals (zinc, copper, iron, cadmium, lead, arsenic) in the abiotic and biotic components of the Serepok river (Vietman) influenced by wastewater discharge from industrial areas. Heavy metal content was determined in the river water and bottom sediments in the four zones: above and within the boundaries of industrial regions Xoa Phu and Tam Thang and in two water reservoirs situated below the boundaries of those industrial areas. Tilapia Galilean ( Sarotherodon galilaeus ), Hemibagrus ( Hemibagrus ), and sazan ( Cyprinus carpio ) caught in these areas were the hydrobionts under study in which liver, gills, skeleton and muscles accumulation of heavy metals was detected. In the organs of fish caught in the river within industrial region, heavy metals concentration was 3-7 times higher. The greatest concentration of heavy metals was found in the liver and gills of fish caught in the boundaries of industrial regions, the least concentration was in the muscles. In most cases, significant correlation between heavy metal concentration in organs of fishes and in river water, bottom sediments has been revealed.

Using A Segmented Voltage Sweep Mode and A Gaussian Curve Fitting Method to Improve Heavy Metal Measurement System Performance

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 381-394
Author(s):  
José Pereira ◽  
Octavian Postolache ◽  
Pedro Girão
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Measurement System ◽  
Curve Fitting ◽  
System Performance ◽  
Redox Potentials ◽  
Voltage Sweep ◽  
Gaussian Curve ◽  
Fitting Method ◽  
Curve Fitting Method

Using A Segmented Voltage Sweep Mode and A Gaussian Curve Fitting Method to Improve Heavy Metal Measurement System PerformanceThis paper presents a voltammetric segmented voltage sweep mode that can be used to identify and measure heavy metals' concentrations. The proposed sweep mode covers a set of voltage ranges that are centered around the redox potentials of the metals that are under analysis. The heavy metal measurement system can take advantage of the historical database of measurements to identify the metals with higher concentrations in a given geographical area, and perform a segmented sweep around predefined voltage ranges or, alternatively, the system can perform a fast linear voltage sweep to identify the voltammetric current peaks and then perform a segmented voltage sweep around the set of voltages that are associated with the voltammetric current peaks. The paper also includes the presentation of two auto-calibration modes that can be used to improve system's reliability and proposes the usage of a Gaussian curve fitting of voltammetric data to identify heavy metals and to evaluate their concentrations. Several simulation and experimental results, that validate the theoretical expectations, are also presented in the paper.

ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METAL CONCENTRATION IN COCONUT WATER

1970 ◽  
pp. 07-10
Author(s):  
MdDidarul Islam, Ashiqur Rahaman, Aboni Afrose
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Coconut Water ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metal ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Wet Ashing ◽  
Aas Method

This study was based on determining concentration of essential and toxic heavy metal in coconut water available at a local Hazaribagh area in Dhaka, Bangladesh. All essential minerals, if present in the drinking water at high concentration or very low concentration, it has negative actions. In this study, fifteen samples and eight heavy metals were analyzed by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) method which was followed by wet ashing digestion method. The concentration obtained in mg/l were in the range of 0.3 to 1.5, 7.77 to 21.2, 0 to 0.71, 0 to 0.9, 0 to 0.2, 0.9 to 17.3, 0.1 to 0.9, 0 to 0.9 and 0 to 0.7 for Fe, Ni, Cu, Cd, Cr, Zn, Pb and Se respectively. From this data it was concluded that any toxic heavy metals like Cd, Cr, Pb and Ni exceed their toxicity level and some essential nutrients were in low concentration in those samples. 

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