Determination of Tensile Strength of Compacted Loess by Double Punch Test

2011 ◽  
Vol 194-196 ◽  
pp. 1176-1179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Jun Li ◽  
Ying Ran Liu ◽  
Li Hua Jiang ◽  
Yi Chuan Tang
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Brazilian Test ◽  
Punch Test ◽  
Weight Density ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Water Contents ◽  
Compacted Loess

Through double punch test, the tensile strength of compacted loess is determined under different water contents and different dry densities, the relationship between tensile strength, water content and the dry weight density is discussed, and their relationship is established. Comparing with Brazilian test, it proved the feasibility of determining tensile strength of compacted loess with double punch tests.

Shear Strength Parameters Determination of Compacted Loess with Compression-Tension Tests

2011 ◽  
Vol 287-290 ◽  
pp. 1271-1274
Author(s):  
Xiao Jun Li
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Tension Test ◽  
Shear Strength Parameters ◽  
Strength Index ◽  
Strength Parameters ◽  
Weight Density ◽  
Tension Tests ◽  
Compacted Loess

Compression-tension test and direct shear test are used to evaluate the shear behavior of remolded loess under different water content and different dry weight density. Through massive analysis of test data, it is found that the valves of c and φ determined by compression-tension test can be used to characterize the shear strength index of soil.

Impact of molding water content on hydraulic conductivity of compacted sand-bentonite

1992 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moir D. Haug ◽  
Lionel C. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Test Program ◽  
Design Factor ◽  
Ottawa Sand ◽  
Critical Design ◽  
Hydraulic Gradients ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Water Contents

The relationship between molding water content and hydraulic conductivity of a compacted sand-bentonite mixture was examined in a laboratory test program. This program involved triaxial permeability testing of nine specimens of 8% bentonite and Ottawa sand, compacted at standard Proctor density using molding water contents ranging from6 to 19%. The permeability tests were conducted using hydraulic gradients ranging from 19 to 40. The specimens were subjected to an average effective stress during testing of 21 kPa. The tests were conducted using continuous back pressure saturation. Each test was run for a minimum of 40 000 min (approximately 28 days) to enable the flow in and out of the specimen to come to equilibrium with respect to each other. The hydraulic conductivity decreased from 6.5 × 10−9 cm/s for a molding water content of 5.9% to 1.4 × 10−9 cm/s for a molding water content of 15.8%. However, although the hydraulic conductivity was related to the molding water content, the variation in hydraulic conductivity was relatively small. Therefore, the low values reported for all hydraulic conductivity tests suggest that molding water content is not a critical design factor in the construction of a low-permeability sand-bentonite liner. Key words : molding water content, bentonite, liners, hydraulic conductivity, triaxial permeability testing, covers, sand.

The indirect determination of energy retention in farm animals: I. The development of method

1956 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. Blaxter ◽  
J. A. F. Rook
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Allantoic Fluid ◽  
The Body ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Adult Cattle ◽  
Indirect Determination ◽  
Energy Retention ◽  
The Relationship

1. Methods of estimating water retention in the body of cattle are discussed, and it is shown that methods based on determinations of the initial and final body-water content are of low accuracy and are not suitable for the indirect estimation of fat balance over a period of 24 days.2. Analyses of tissues from young and adult cattle showed that with the exception of serum, brain, skin and bone, water content of the tissues may be predicted from the following equation:Water(g./100g.) = 0·292 Na(mg./100g.) + 0·147 K(mg./100g.).This equation shows that 1 m.equiv. of the Na of tissues is associated with more water than is 1 m.equiv. of the K.3. No differences between cattle aged from less than 1 week to more than 5 years were observed in the relationship between water and Na and K content.4. The equation applied also to the contents of the digestive tract, other than those of the abomasum which gave low results, ascribed to the presence of a high concentration of H+ ions.5. Analyses of whole foetuses for Na, K and H2O showed that their water content could be predicted accurately. The same was true of amniotic fluid, but the water content of allantoic fluid was underestimated by 50%.6. It was shown that despite the anomalous behaviour of brain, serum, skin and bone, accurate predictions of the water content of the animal could be made from simultaneous determinations of Na and K retentions, providing a correction was made for the storage of bound Na in bone.7. Data are presented which indicate that the equations apply equally well to the tissues of the sheep.

The Direct Determination of Oxygen in Rubber. The Adaptation of the Ter Meulen Method to Rubber and Its Application to the Study of Aging

1939 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. I. Cramer ◽  
I. J. Sjothun ◽  
L. E. Oneacre
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Direct Determination ◽  
Sulfur Poisoning ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Oxygen Bomb ◽  
Vulcanized Rubber ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The ter Meulen method for the direct determination of oxygen has been adapted, with modifications, to the analysis of raw and vulcanized rubbers. Raney nickel has been found to be quite effective as the reducing catalyst and to be satisfactorily resistant to sulfur poisoning. The method has been applied to the study of the aging of vulcanized rubber in the Geer oven and oxygen bomb. From this study the following conclusions may be drawn: (1) The increase in combined oxygen is greater in the oxygen bomb than in the Geer oven. (2) Deterioration of rubber in the oxygen bomb involves oxidation primarily, whereas that occurring in the Geer oven involves not only oxidation but also thermal decomposition followed by volatilization of oxidation products. (3) The effectiveness of an antioxidant in retarding the absorption of oxygen in oxygen-bomb aging agrees well with its ability to maintain the physical properties of the stock in which it is present. (4) The deterioration in physical properties of a rubber stock in the oxygen bomb during the early stages of aging is a linear function of the increase in combined oxygen. For stocks containing antioxidants and diphenylguanidine as the accelerator, an increase in combined oxygen of approximately 1.2% corresponds to a decrease in tensile strength of 50%. (5) The relationship of increase in combined oxygen to decrease in tensile strength seems to be affected not only by antioxidants, but also by accelerators of vulcanization.

scholarly journals Determination of tensile strength of concrete and rocks by using the Brazilian test in the confrontation with the failure criteria

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-200
Author(s):  
Jakub Gontarz ◽  
Jerzy Podgórski
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Stress Field ◽  
Brittle Material ◽  
Critical Stress ◽  
Failure Criteria ◽  
Brazilian Test ◽  
Compression Tests

The paper presents the analysis of the Brazilian compression tests considering the possibilities of determining the proper tensile strength. These analyses include the precise designation of the stress field without singularity at the point of application of force, the evaluation of critical stress in the light of classical and contemporary failure criteria for a brittle material, and determination of the position of the point where the destructive crack is expected to be initiated in the sample.

scholarly journals Rapid Determination of Nitrogen Status in Pansy

HortScience ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 537-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Altland ◽  
Charles H. Gilliam ◽  
Gary J. Keever ◽  
James H. Edwards ◽  
Jeff L. Sibley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Concentration ◽  
Rapid Determination ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Foliar Nitrogen ◽  
N Deficiency ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Spad Readings ◽  
N Status

Two experiments were conducted with pansy (Viola ×wittrockiana Gams `Bingo Yello') to determine the relationship between foliar nitrogen (% of dry weight) (FN) and either sap nitrate concentration (SN) in petioles or SPAD readings of foliage. FN was highly correlated to SN throughout both experiments (r = 0.80 to 0.91). FN was poorly correlated to SPAD readings early in both experiments (r = 0.54 to 0.65), but more highly correlated later when visual symptoms of N deficiency were apparent (r = 0.84 to 0.90). SN determined with the Cardy sap nitrate meter was a reliable predictor of FN in pansy, while SPAD readings were only reliable after symptoms of N deficiency were visually evident. FN can be predicted with SN using the following equation: log(SN) = 0.47*FN + 1.6 [r2 = 0.80, n = 132]. Growers and landscape professionals can use SN readings to predict FN levels in pansy, and thus rapidly and accurately diagnose the N status of their crop.

Influence of clod size and water content on gas permeability of a compacted loess

2014 ◽  
Vol 51 (12) ◽  
pp. 1468-1474 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.L.T. Zhan ◽  
Y.B. Yang ◽  
R. Chen ◽  
C.W.W. Ng ◽  
Y.M. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Power Function ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Gas Permeability ◽  
High Water ◽  
Degree Of Saturation ◽  
Northwestern Region ◽  
Water Contents ◽  
Compacted Loess ◽  
Compaction Degree

The northwestern region of China is mainly semi-arid to arid and loess is ubiquitous. This natural resource has considerable potential to be transformed into earthen final covers for local landfills, but first its suitability must be ascertained through extensive tests. In this study, a device was developed to measure the gas permeability of unsaturated compacted loess specimens. Experiments were carried out to investigate the influence of clod size, compaction water content, and post-compaction water content on the gas permeability of the compacted loess. To maintain an identical soil structure, the post-compaction water content was changed using the osmotic technique. It was found that the compaction water content and resultant soil clod size exerted a combined effect on the gas permeability such that, at low water contents, the gas permeability remained fairly constant, but at high water contents the clods became relatively large, and the effect of the clod size dominated the water blockage effect from increasing water content. For specimens with identical soil structure, the gas permeability decreased with the increasing post-compaction degree of saturation at an accelerated rate. A power function is proposed to predict the relationship between the gas permeability normalized by the porosity function of the Kozeny–Carmen model and the post-compaction degree of saturation. Analysis of the experimental data indicates that the parameters for the power function still depend on the porosity of the compacted loess, particularly at high degrees of saturation.

Determination of Water Content and Resistivity of Perfluorosulfonic Acid Fuel Cell Membranes

1995 ◽  
Vol 393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashish Sen. ◽  
Kevin E.Leach ◽  
Richard D.Varjian
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Fuel Cell Membranes ◽  
Water Saturated ◽  
Water Contents ◽  
Lower Resistivity

ABSTRACTWater uptake and resistivity have been determined for Dupont's Nafion-115®and Dow membrane 800 EW while in contact with a water-saturated nitrogen atmosphere using Fourier transform near-infrared (NIR), and AC impedance four point techniques in the temperature range of 23°C to 100°C. Results show that at room temperature there is a significant increase in water content and a corresponding decrease in the electrical resistivity as the relative humidity increases from 0% to 100%. Results also indicate that there is a substantial decrease in water uptake from water vapor at 100°C relative to that at 23°C. The water content of Dow membrane is higher than Nafion-115 under all conditions tested. The water contents of Dow PFSA 800 EW and Nafion-115 membranes at about 92% R.H. and 23°C are approximately 25 wt% and 18 wt%, respectively. The corresponding water content values at 100°C are 10 wt% and 8 wt%, respectively. The resistivity of the membranes decreases sharply with the temperature up to 60°C, reaches a minimum near 80°C then increases up to 100°C. The Dow membrane has lower resistivity than Nafion-115 over the entire range.

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