Study on Response Characteristics of Switching Zirconia Oxygen Sensor for Air-Fuel Ratio Control

2011 ◽  
Vol 343-344 ◽  
pp. 150-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Liang Wang ◽  
Min Wan ◽  
Huan You Pan
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Sensor ◽  
Bench Test ◽  
Dynamic Nature ◽  
Response Delay ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Effect Factor ◽  
Response Characteristics ◽  
Fuel Ratio ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
The Impact

The time delay between the changed quantity of the injected fuel and the detection of the resulting change of the air-fuel ratio determines the dynamic nature of the closed-loop control for air-fuel ratio, and the response delay of oxygen sensor itself is a main effect factor. The response characteristics of switching zirconia oxygen sensor will change and even deteriorate with the increasing service time of oxygen sensor. In this paper, the response characteristics of switching zirconia oxygen sensor and the impact of response slowing on air-fuel ratio and emissions are studied through engine bench test, the impact of response delay of switching zirconia oxygen sensor on air-fuel ratio control is analysed, and a new controller of air-fuel ratio based on discrete PI controller is proposed.

Analysis of Steering Control Strategy on Tractor's Hydraulic Steering By-Wire System

2014 ◽  
Vol 487 ◽  
pp. 630-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Xiong Lu ◽  
Jiang Xue Chang ◽  
Xue Feng Bai ◽  
Yang Lu ◽  
Jun Gan Wu
Keyword(s):  
Control Algorithm ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Steering System ◽  
Front Wheel ◽  
Bench Test ◽  
Steering Control ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Response Characteristics ◽  
Hydraulic Steering ◽  
Wire System

The structure and working principle of the hydraulic steering by-wire system were described, and the optimal control algorithm of the system was obtained by the comparative analysis. Fuzzy control was chosen as the steering systems control algorithm, and it can realize closed-loop control of the front wheel corner. Matlab/Simulink was used for the simulation of the entire system. The simulation got the fuel tank displacements response curve, and verified the accuracy of the system design, which can provide a reference to the design of tractors steering system. Bench test was proposed to verify the accuracy of the system. The bench test results showed that the hydraulic steering by-wire controller can realize systems steering function well, and the system improved the control accuracy and fast response characteristics.

Experimental Investigation of Switching Oxygen Sensor Behavior Due to Exhaust Gas Effects

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Vosz ◽  
Shawn Midlam-Mohler ◽  
Yann Guezennec ◽  
Steve Yurkovich
Keyword(s):  
Equivalence Ratio ◽  
Oxygen Sensor ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Feedback Signal ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Engine Exhaust ◽  
Switch Point ◽  
Fuel Ratio ◽  
The Impact

Switching type exhaust gas oxygen sensors are critical to the performance of air-to-fuel ratio control in stoichiometric SI engines. Controlling the air-to-fuel ratio around stoichiometry is necessary for adequate three-way catalyst performance to meet government emissions regulations. However, the feedback signal from the sensor does not always truly depict the actual chemical mixture present in the exhaust gasses, which intrinsically affects the catalyst performance. A sensor may not provide correct air-to-fuel ratio feedback due to certain species in the exhaust gas which affect the equivalence ratio that the sensor switches from the high to low voltage or vice versa. This work attempts to characterize the impact of gas on fresh and aged sensors and builds upon earlier work in the field by using real engine exhaust rather simulated exhaust gas. In these experiments, the air-to-fuel ratio of a stoichiometric gasoline engine is incrementally increased from a lean to rich mixture to elicit the full switching response of the oxygen sensor. Additional sensor output curves are generated in the presence of external additive gases such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide, propane, and gasoline vapor. An automotive emissions analyzer and a hydrogen analyzer detect the concentrations of the exhaust gases and the chemical equivalence ratio is calculated using a carbon balance. This equivalence ratio creates a reference to examine the accuracy of the switch point of the sensor to actual stoichiometry. Using these data sets, it is possible to determine observe the effect of various gas species on the air to fuel ratio at which the sensor switches. The sensitivity of the different sensors to gas concentrations are quantified and presented, which form an elementary model to predict the sensor switch point in the presence of these gas species. Primary findings indicate that the impact of species on the sensor switch point is linearly related to the concentration of the species; sensor type and sensor age have an effect on a sensor's sensitivity to species; and different hydrocarbon species affect sensors differently. The findings support the simulated exhaust gas results reported in the literature in that the degree of interference of a species is related to the diffusion rate of the species with respect to oxygen through the sensor. The results also point toward the importance of the species of hydrocarbons in the engine exhaust, which are uncontrolled and can vary with engine operating conditions. This feature is critical to the application of this knowledge to automotive control.

The Impact of Visual Feedback Type on the Mastery of Visuo-Motor Transformations

2012 ◽  
Vol 220 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Sülzenbrück
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Visual Feedback ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Motor Planning ◽  
Visual Input ◽  
Closed Loop Control ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Feedback Type ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
The Impact

For the effective use of modern tools, the inherent visuo-motor transformation needs to be mastered. The successful adjustment to and learning of these transformations crucially depends on practice conditions, particularly on the type of visual feedback during practice. Here, a review about empirical research exploring the influence of continuous and terminal visual feedback during practice on the mastery of visuo-motor transformations is provided. Two studies investigating the impact of the type of visual feedback on either direction-dependent visuo-motor gains or the complex visuo-motor transformation of a virtual two-sided lever are presented in more detail. The findings of these studies indicate that the continuous availability of visual feedback supports performance when closed-loop control is possible, but impairs performance when visual input is no longer available. Different approaches to explain these performance differences due to the type of visual feedback during practice are considered. For example, these differences could reflect a process of re-optimization of motor planning in a novel environment or represent effects of the specificity of practice. Furthermore, differences in the allocation of attention during movements with terminal and continuous visual feedback could account for the observed differences.

The Impact of Endorsing the Belief in a Just World on Social Judgments

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benoît Testé ◽  
Samantha Perrin
Keyword(s):  
Social Desirability ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Social Utility ◽  
Western Society ◽  
Social Judgments ◽  
Just World ◽  
The Social ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
The Impact

The present research examines the social value attributed to endorsing the belief in a just world for self (BJW-S) and for others (BJW-O) in a Western society. We conducted four studies in which we asked participants to assess a target who endorsed BJW-S vs. BJW-O either strongly or weakly. Results showed that endorsement of BJW-S was socially valued and had a greater effect on social utility judgments than it did on social desirability judgments. In contrast, the main effect of endorsement of BJW-O was to reduce the target’s social desirability. The results also showed that the effect of BJW-S on social utility is mediated by the target’s perceived individualism, whereas the effect of BJW-S and BJW-O on social desirability is mediated by the target’s perceived collectivism.

Assessing the Impact of the Inlet Total Pressure Distortion on the Turbofan Thrust

2018 ◽  
pp. 19-30
Author(s):  
Yu. A. Ezrokhi ◽  
E. A. Khoreva
Keyword(s):  
Total Pressure ◽  
External Compression ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Inlet Distortion ◽  
Air Inlet ◽  
Engine Thrust ◽  
Relative Value ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Pressure Recovery Factor ◽  
The Impact

The paper considers techniques to develop a mathematical model using a method of «parallel compressors». The model is intended to estimate the impact of the air inlet distortion on the primary parameters of the aero-engine.  The paper presents rated estimation results in the context of twin spool turbofan design for two typical cruiser modes of flight of the supersonic passenger jet. In estimation the base values σbase and the average values of the inlet ram recovery σave remained invariable. Thus, parametrical calculations were performed for each chosen relative value of the area of low-pressure region.The paper shows that an impact degree of the inlet distortion on the engine thrust for two modes under consideration is essentially different. In other words, if in the subsonic mode the impact assessment can be confined only to taking into account the influence of decreasing average values of the inlet total pressure, the use of such an assumption in the supersonic cruiser mode may result in considerable errors.With invariable values of the pressure recovery factor at the engine intake, which correspond to the speed of flight for a typical air inlet of external compression σbase, and average value σave, a parameter Δσuneven  has the main effect on the engine thrust, and degree of this effect essentially depends on a difference between σave and σbase values.

scholarly journals The impact of particulate electron paramagnetic resonance oxygen sensors on fluorodeoxyglucose imaging characteristics detected via positron emission tomography

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip E. Schaner ◽  
Ly-Binh-An Tran ◽  
Bassem I. Zaki ◽  
Harold M. Swartz ◽  
Eugene Demidenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fdg Pet ◽  
Oxygen Sensor ◽  
Oxygen Sensors ◽  
Paramagnetic Resonance ◽  
Imaging Characteristics ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Fdg Pet Ct ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Electron Paramagnetic

AbstractDuring a first-in-humans clinical trial investigating electron paramagnetic resonance tumor oximetry, a patient injected with the particulate oxygen sensor Printex ink was found to have unexpected fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake in a dermal nodule via positron emission tomography (PET). This nodule co-localized with the Printex ink injection; biopsy of the area, due to concern for malignancy, revealed findings consistent with ink and an associated inflammatory reaction. Investigations were subsequently performed to assess the impact of oxygen sensors on FDG-PET/CT imaging. A retrospective analysis of three clinical tumor oximetry trials involving two oxygen sensors (charcoal particulates and LiNc-BuO microcrystals) in 22 patients was performed to evaluate FDG imaging characteristics. The impact of clinically used oxygen sensors (carbon black, charcoal particulates, LiNc-BuO microcrystals) on FDG-PET/CT imaging after implantation in rat muscle (n = 12) was investigated. The retrospective review revealed no other patients with FDG avidity associated with particulate sensors. The preclinical investigation found no injected oxygen sensor whose mean standard uptake values differed significantly from sham injections. The risk of a false-positive FDG-PET/CT scan due to oxygen sensors appears low. However, in the right clinical context the potential exists that an associated inflammatory reaction may confound interpretation.

When do job insecure employees adapt to change?

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristi N. Lavigne ◽  
Victoria L. Whitaker ◽  
Dustin K. Jundt ◽  
Mindy K. Shoss
Keyword(s):  
Job Insecurity ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Adaptive Performance ◽  
Work Behaviors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Work Tasks ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between job insecurity and adaptive performance (AP), contingent on changes to core work tasks, which we position as a situational cue to employees regarding important work behaviors. Design/methodology/approach Employees and their supervisors were invited to participate in the study. Supervisors were asked to provide ratings of employees’ AP and changes to core tasks; employees reported on job insecurity. Findings As predicted, changes to core tasks moderated the relationship between job insecurity and AP. Job insecurity was negatively related to AP for those experiencing low levels of change, but was not related to AP for those experiencing high levels of change. Counter to expectations, no main effect of job insecurity was found. Research limitations/implications This study employed a fairly small sample of workers from two organizations, which could limit generalizability. Practical implications The study identifies changes to core tasks as a boundary condition for the job insecurity–AP relationship. Findings suggest that organizations may not observe deleterious consequences of job insecurity on AP when changes to core tasks are high. Originality/value Few researchers have examined boundary conditions of the impact of job insecurity on AP. Furthermore, inconsistent findings regarding the link between job insecurity and AP have emerged. This study fills the gap and expands upon previous research by examining changes to core tasks as a condition under which job insecurity does not pose an issue for AP.

scholarly journals Intrauterine testosterone exposure and risk for disordered eating

2009 ◽  
Vol 194 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica H. Baker ◽  
Paul Lichtenstein ◽  
Kenneth S. Kendler
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Disordered Eating ◽  
Eating Disorder Inventory ◽  
Prenatal Testosterone ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Same Gender ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Opposite Gender

SummaryPrevious research has suggested that prenatal testosterone exposure masculinises disordered eating by comparing opposite- and same-gender twins. The objective of the current study is to replicate this finding using a sample of 439 identical and 213 fraternal females, 461 identical and 344 fraternal males, and 361 males and 371 females from opposite-gender twin pairs. Disordered eating was compared across twin types using the Eating Disorder Inventory–2. Inconsistent with previous findings, a main effect of co-twin gender was not found. Our results raise questions about the validity of prior evidence of the impact of prenatal testosterone exposure on patterns of disordered eating.

An Empirical Study on the Impact of Design Brief Information on the Creativity of Design Outcomes With Consideration of Gender and Gender Diversity

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgios Koronis ◽  
Pei Zhi Chia ◽  
Jacob Kang Kai Siang ◽  
Arlindo Silva ◽  
Christine Yogiaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Undergraduate Student ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
Gender Diversity ◽  
First Year ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Collaborative Sketching

This study aims to understand how information in design briefs affects the creativity of design outcomes. We tested this during a Collaborative Sketching (C-Sketch) ideation exercise with first-year undergraduate student designers. We focus on four types of stimuli—quantitative requirements, a visual example (video), a physical example, and contextual information—and we measure creativity according to three metrics—novelty, appropriateness, and usability with either the participants’ gender or the gender diversity of the participants’ groups. The findings suggest that the main effect of providing a video example results in high appropriateness and usability scores but low novelty scores and that physical-contextual briefs have high novelty and usability scores. In addition, we did not find any correlation between gender or gender diversity and creativity scores.

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