Competition Absorption and Desorption Dynamic Character of Cadmium, Lead and Zinc by Soil in North-East of China

2011 ◽  
Vol 356-360 ◽  
pp. 52-58
Author(s):  
Su Chen ◽  
Lei Chao ◽  
Li Na Sun ◽  
Tie Heng Sun
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Liaoning Province ◽  
Desorption Process ◽  
Dynamic Character ◽  
North East ◽  
Lead And Zinc ◽  
Absorption Phase ◽  
Fast Absorption ◽  
Elovich Equation ◽  
Cadmium Lead

The competitive absorption and desorption of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) in meadow brown soil from Liaoning province in north-east China was studied in the paper in order to establish the selectivity sequences for the sorption and desorption of these heavy metals in the soil and obtain the absorption and desorption dynamic character of these heavy metals. The results showed that with the increasing of the absorption times, the absorption quantities of Cd, Pb and Zn were increased little by little. The absorption process of Cd, Pb and Zn could be divided into the fast absorption phase and the slow absorption phase. And the fast absorption phases were from the beginning to 60 min, 120 min and 120 min for Cd, Pb and Zn, respectively. The more company metals (i.e. Pb and Zn) existed in the absorption solutions, the less absorption quantities of Cd absorbed by soil. The co-existence of Cd, Pb and Zn had obviously decreased the absorption of Pb by soil. And it was the same situation that Zn absorbed by soil was decreased by the company metals such as Cd, Pb. The company metals had obvious influence on the desorption process of Cd. The existence of Pb and Zn promoted the desorption of Cd. And desorption behavior of Zn was bated by the existence of Pb and Cd. While the company metals Cd and Zn restrained the desorption of Pb. The best equation to describe the absorption and desorption dynamic character of Cd, Pb and Zn was Elovich equation, next was Two–constant equation, and the effect of First-order dynamics equation was not good.

scholarly journals A Study of Soil Pollution by Road Runoff

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 333-339
Author(s):  
Jingul Joo ◽  
Hayong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Soil Pollution ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Road Runoff ◽  
The Road ◽  
River Contamination ◽  
Lead And Zinc ◽  
Uncontaminated Soil ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Cadmium Lead

Road runoff, a representative non-point source pollution, is known to seriously deteriorate the river water quality. In order to prevent river contamination due to road runoff, road runoff is infiltrated into the soil along the river. However, road runoff containing high concentrations of heavy metals and total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) can cause soil pollution. In this study, soil samples were collected at the point where road runoff flows, and the concentrations of heavy metals, such as cadmium, lead, and zinc, and TPH in them were compared with that in uncontaminated soil. Consequently, the concentration of heavy metals in the soil into which the road runoff flows was up to 21 times higher than that of the nearby uncontaminated soil. In conclusion, the discharge of road runoff into the soil seriously pollutes the soil. Therefore, direct discharge of road runoff to soil should be prevented to prevent soil pollution.

scholarly journals Protecting Children’S Health Against Environmental Exposure to Heavy Metals – Theory Versus Practice

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
Klaudia Gut ◽  
Małgorzata Bołdys-Labocha ◽  
Agata Piekut
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Lead And Zinc ◽  
Theory Versus ◽  
Cadmium Lead ◽  
High Level

Abstract The high level of heavy metals is one of the main indicators of soil contamination, which is a significant risk to ecological and health safety. Lack of regulations requiring the examination of the level of contamination in the areas where recreational facilities for children are located directly translate into the lack of preventive or corrective actions and leads to the persistence of a permanent threat connected with a high level of heavy metals concentration in soils. The aim of the study was to identify significant sources of exposure of children to heavy metals depending on the location of recreational areas (sports fields). The results show a high concentration of cadmium, lead and zinc in the analysed soils. Of all samples, more than 70% of them have values exceeding the limit values of cadmium in soils. In the case of lead and zinc, the normative values were exceeded, respectively, in 44% and 64% of soil samples. Practical solutions introduced in the framework of regulations related to environmental protection do not correlate in practice with an extensive obligation to protect the health of children and adolescents, whose performance is clearly focused on medical problems, disregarding the risk resulting from environmental factors.

scholarly journals Atmospheric emissions and depositions of cadmium, lead, and zinc in Europe during the period 1955–1987

1996 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 300-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Olendrzyński ◽  
Stefan Anderberg ◽  
William Stigliani ◽  
Jerzy Bartnicki ◽  
Józef Pacyna
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Atmospheric Transport ◽  
International Institute ◽  
Atmospheric Emissions ◽  
Emission Data ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Lead And Zinc ◽  
Trace Model ◽  
Cadmium Lead

This paper presents a preliminary estimate of atmospheric emissions of cadmium, lead, and zinc in Europe during the period 1955–1987. The emission data were used as input to the atmospheric transport model TRACE (trace toxic air concentrations in Europe) of the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, to compute cumulative deposition loads of heavy metals onto European soils during the investigated time period. The maxima of cumulative depositions computed with the TRACE model over the entire period were approximately 60 mg/m2 for cadmium, 1450 mg/m2 for lead, and 2600 mg/m2 in the case of zinc. The results presented should be considered first-order approximations. Major uncertainties embedded in such calculations are discussed. Heavy metals enter the soils from atmospheric load and with the application of fertilizers and sewage sludge. Once in the soil the metals can be mobilized, leading to plant and groundwater contamination. This threat is particularly valid for heavily polluted regions in Central Europe. The results of this study can be applied in assessing environmental and health effects of heavy metals and, therefore, are important for scientists as well as policy makers.Key words: trace elements, heavy metals, historical emission, cumulative deposition.

Accumulation of Copper, Cadmium, Lead and Zinc in Various Tissues of the River Crab from Northeast China

2013 ◽  
Vol 781-784 ◽  
pp. 1745-1748
Author(s):  
Yan Jiang ◽  
Jun Rui Wu ◽  
Xi Qing Yue ◽  
Jian Zang
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Free Food ◽  
Hazardous Substance ◽  
Lead And Zinc ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Metal Levels ◽  
Living Species ◽  
Cadmium Lead ◽  
Cadmium And Lead ◽  
Copper Lead

The presence of heavy metals in the environment can be detrimental to a variety of living species including human. River crabs are sensitive to heavy metals .The concentrations of cadmium, copper, lead and zinc were analyzed in muscles, hepatopancreas, gills and exoskeletons using ICP-MS . Zinc was greater in muscles and hepatopancreas, whereas copper was greater in muscles and gills. Cadmium and lead were within the range of limits for hazardous substance about the pollution-free food. Then river crab can be an effective bioindicator for assessing metal levels in environment.

Separation of Point and Diffuse Loads of Pollutants Using Monitoring Data of Rivers

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (3-5) ◽  
pp. 165-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Behrendt
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Reasonable Agreement ◽  
River System ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
New Method ◽  
Monitoring Data ◽  
Diffuse Sources ◽  
Dissolved Nitrogen ◽  
Lead And Zinc ◽  
Cadmium Lead

The results of a new method for estimating point and diffuse loads of rivers from analysis of monitoring data are presented (immission approach). The estimated point source loads of dissolved nitrogen, total phosphorus, and the heavy metals, cadmium, lead and zinc were compared with the loads of existing inventories. The diffuse loads of these pollutants were compared with estimations calculated on the basis of area related loads of the main diffuse sources (emission approach). Reasonable agreement was obtained in these comparisons, thus demonstrating the utility of the new method as a tool for analyzing point sources and diffuse loads of pollutants to a river system from analysis of monitoring data.

scholarly journals Rhizofiltration of Heavy Metals (Cadmium, Lead and Zinc) From Fly Ash Leachates Using Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia Crassipes)

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Kumar Yadav ◽  
Bhawana Pathak ◽  
M. H. Fulekar
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Eichhornia Crassipes ◽  
Aquatic Macrophyte ◽  
Translocation Factor ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Lead And Zinc ◽  
Cadmium Lead ◽  
Maximum Removal

Fly ashes are usually contaminated with toxic heavy metals. These metals are leaching out aftercontact with water during wet disposal system, thus polluting the soil, surface and groundwater. In the present study, a hydroponics experiment was conducted to examine the removalof heavy metals Cd, Pb and Zn by Eichhornia crassipes grown at various concentration of fly ash ranging from 10, 20 and 40 percent over a period of 30 days.After 30 days, the plants were separately harvested, dried and weighedfor biomass of the roots and shoots. The uptake of each metalwas studied in the root and shoot separately, to determine the bioaccumulation of metals in Eichhornia crasspies.The translocation factor was calculated to study the efficiency of the plants forbioaccumulation of each metal in roots and shoot. The results showed that maximum uptake of metals Cd, Pb and Zn by plantwasfoundat the higher concentration (40%) of fly ash.The metals uptake found was 99.16, 166.52 and 741.04 μg g-1 tissues in the roots, respectively and 33.46, 41.33 and 255.90 μgg-1 tissues in the shoots, respectively and successfullyremoved up to 78% of Cd, 82% of Pb and 70% of Zn.The maximum removal efficiency by plant for Cd, Pb and Zn at lower concentration (10%) of fly ash was 84%, 86% and 75%, respectively.The heavy metals accumulated more in roots than in the shoots by Eichhornia crassipes. The maximum bioconcentration factor and translocation factor value of Eichhornia crappies for Cd, Pb and Zn were calculated as 705.55, 705.55 and 614.51 and 41.86, 47.18 and 34.53 respectively. The high removal efficiencies of heavy metals Cd, Pb and Zn was find without toxic effect by this aquatic macrophyte, thisplant can be recommended for the actual treatment of fly ash leachatesin ash pond to clean up the aquatic environment.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v4i1.12187International Journal of Environment Volume-4, Issue-1, Dec-Feb 2014/15, page : 179-196   

Uptake of heavy metals by darnel multifloral (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) at diverse soil reaction and organic matter content

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolanta Kwiatkowska-Malina ◽  
Alina Maciejewska
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Reaction ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Lead And Zinc ◽  
Cadmium Lead

Abstract Organic matter takes part in all soil processes and influences the physical, chemical and biological properties of soil. The paper presents the analysis of heavy metal contents (Zn, Pb, Cd) in soil and biomass of darnel multifloral (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) cultivated at diverse conditions of soil reaction and organic matter content. A brown coal preparation (Rekulter) was applied as the source of organic matter in autumn 1999 to the studied soil, which was contaminated with cadmium, lead and zinc. The limiting influence of Rekulter on the uptake of heavy metals by darnel multifloral (two cuts of the test plant) was the highest in the case when the largest dose was applied to soil with the highest pH (about 6.0). Bioaccumulation indexes (BI) for Cd, Pb, Zn indicate the mobility and bioavailability of Cd, Pb and Zn in soils. The BI for particular heavy metals were generally low, with the lowest in the case when the largest dose of Rekulter was applied to all cuts of the test plant

Trace metal contamination of soils and vegetables in Shipham, Somerset

1979 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 753-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. E. Davies ◽  
Rhoda C. Ginnever
Keyword(s):  
Mining Area ◽  
Mountain Area ◽  
Full Account ◽  
Soil Lead ◽  
North East ◽  
Reconnaissance Survey ◽  
Lead And Zinc ◽  
Contamination Of Soils ◽  
Cadmium Lead ◽  
The Village

Copper, lead and zinc ores have been mined in past years in many western counties of Great Britain leaving a legacy of extensive soil contamination. A survey of north-east Clwyd (Davies & Roberts, 1978) revealed that in the Halkyn Mountain area some 171 km2 of land are contaminated by lead and 69 km2 by cadmium (including 13 km2 containing from 10 to 540 mg Cd/kg soil). The Mendip Hills of Somerset are an ancient leadzinc mining area similar in many ways to Halkyn Mountain and, after some reconnaissance sampling in 1972 and 1974, a trace element survey was initiated in 1977. Topsoil samples (174) were collected on an approximately regular 2×2 km grid from a 600 km8 area of north Somerset including the Mendips (B. E. Davies and R. C. Ginnever, unpublished results). This survey revealed that the Mendips were generally contaminated by cadmium, lead and zinc. Highest soil lead values were found near Wells (11 g/kg) and Charterhouse (73 and 80 g/kg) but in the case of cadmium the survey revealed that some 2 km2 of land around the village of Shipham contained values exceeding 10 mg Cd/kg. Preparatory to detailed investigations planned for 1979 a reconnaissance survey of soils and vegetables from the village was made. Meanwhile, the Department of the Environment announced the results of another (independent) survey which also demonstrated that Shipham possessed a considerable cadmium problem (e.g. McGinty, 1979). A full account of our survey of north Somerset will be published and this paper presents the results from the reconnaissance of Shipham.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF MELAXEN ON THE FUNCTIONAL STATE OF THE KIDNEYS, LIPID PEROXIDATION AND METAL ACCUMULATION IN RATS UNDER CONDITIONS OF COMBINED USE OF CADMIUM, LEAD AND ZINC SALTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4(68)) ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
M. Buzoeva
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Zinc Chloride ◽  
Intragastric Administration ◽  
Excretory Function ◽  
Cell Defense ◽  
Lead And Zinc ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Accumulation Of Metals ◽  
Cadmium Lead

The research presents the effect of melatonin at a dose of 10 mg / kg on the renal water-electrolyte excretory function, on the degree of heavy metals’ accumulation in the tubular bones of rats, and the activity of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant cell defense in isolated and combined use of zinc chloride at a dose of 1 and 20 mg/kg, lead acetate at a dose of 20 mg/kg, and cadmium sulfate at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg. It was found that in the intragastric administration of heavy metals, the level of diuresis against the background of melaxen introduction was lower than in the isolated use of metals. The renal electrolyte-excretory function of rats using melatonin in conditions of cadmium, lead and zinc intoxication was characterized by a decrease in the excretion of potassium, sodium and calcium compared to the indicators of the animals with the only metal salts introduction. Proteinuria was observed in all experimental groups, with the exception of the group with combined introduction of zinc chloride at a dose of 1 mg / kg and melatonin. Application of melatonin under conditions of intoxication produced by heavy metals helped to reduce the severity of LPO reactions; decalcification of bones and a decrease in the accumulation of metals in the animals’ bone tissue were noted.

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