Study on the Pretreatment of Seawater to Reduce Turbidity and Boron Using Different Alkalizer

2011 ◽  
Vol 396-398 ◽  
pp. 32-34
Author(s):  
Lei Zhou ◽  
Shou Zhi Yi ◽  
Shuang Li ◽  
Su Hong Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Mixing Time ◽  
Boron Removal ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
Mixing Speed ◽  
Reaction Condition ◽  
Stirring Rate

Alkalizer or coagulation and alkalizer technology were adopted to pretreat seawater in the study. Turbidity removal was investigated with different pH, mixing time,and mixing speed. The A was the best by contrasting alkalizer A, B and C. Turbidity removal was 99.4%. The effect of boron removal in the seawater was also studied. The results showed that the pH value has a great impact on the boron removal. The highest boron removal was 89% by alkalizer A under pH 11.The best reaction condition for turbidity removal : pH value 10.8,stirring rate 200r/min,reaction time 10 minutes and dosage of PAM 0.5 mg/L.

scholarly journals REMOVAL OF TERASIL BLUE DYE FROM SYNTHETIC WASTEWATER USING LOW COST AGRO-BASED ADSORBENTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 246-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hatem Asal Gzar ◽  
Noor Qassim Sabri
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Mixing Time ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Mixing Speed ◽  
Maximum Removal

Natural materials that are readily available in large amounts in nature and easily accessible may be used as low cost additives. The aim of this study is to measure the susceptibility of these locally available materials, conocarpus plant, to improve the quality of wastewater discharged from textile industry.  In addition to conocarpus plant, carbonized conocarpus and activated carbon were used as adsorbents in order to make a comparison, and to test which one of the three types give the best efficiency for removing dye. The ability of adsorbents to adsorb dye was studied using batch system; studied parameters were effect of pH, dose of adsorbents, time, and agitation speed. The experimental results showed that the maximum removal efficiency of conocarpus was found to be 87.5% at 50 rpm mixing speed, pH value 3 , mixing time 120 min and the dose of adsorbent was 0.25 g.  The maximum removal efficiency for carbonized conocarpus was up to 98.7% at 150 rpm mixing speed, pH value 3 , mixing time was equal to 7 hours and the dose of sorbent was 1.25 g. For activated carbon the maximum removal efficiency was found to be 99% at mixing speed of 200 rpm, pH value 3 or 11, mixing time was equal to 7 hours and the dose of the sorbent was 1.25 g. The above removal efficiencies were obtained at temperature 20 °C.

scholarly journals Study on Chromaticity Removal from Mineral Processing Wastewater with Salicylic Hydroxamic Acid by Granular Activated Carbon Catalyzed Ozonation

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 359
Author(s):  
Liping Zhang ◽  
Shengnian Wu ◽  
Nan Zhang ◽  
Ruihan Yao ◽  
Eryong Wu
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Hydroxamic Acid ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
Mineral Processing ◽  
Ultraviolet Absorption Spectrum ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Removal Ratio

Salicylic hydroxamic acid is a novel flotation reagent used in mineral processing. However, it impacts the flotation wastewater leaving behind high chromaticity which limits its reuse and affects discharge for mining enterprises. This study researched ozonation catalyzed by the granular activated carbon (GAC) method to treat the chromaticity of the simulated mineral processing wastewater with salicylic hydroxamic acid. The effects of pH value, ozone (O3) concentration, GAC dosage, and reaction time on chromaticity and chemical oxygen demand (CODCr) removal were discussed. The results of individual ozonation experiments showed that the chromaticity removal ratio reached 79% and the effluent chromaticity exceeded the requirement of reuse and discharge when the optimal experimental conditions were pH value 3, ozone concentration 6 mg/L, and reaction time 40 min. The orthogonal experimental results of catalytic ozonation with GAC on chromaticity removal explained that the chromaticity removal ratio could reach 96.36% and the chromaticity of effluent was only 20 when the optimal level of experimental parameters was pH value 2.87, O3 concentration 6 mg/L, GAC dosage 0.06 g/L, reaction time 60 min respectively. The degradation pathway of salicylic hydroxamic acid by ozonation was also considered based on an analysis with ultraviolet absorption spectrum and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

scholarly journals Study on Optimization of Tungsten Ore Flotation Wastewater Treatment by Response Surface Method (RSM)

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 184
Author(s):  
Liping Zhang ◽  
Xiaofei Jiao ◽  
Shengnian Wu ◽  
Xuejing Song ◽  
Ruihan Yao
Keyword(s):  
Water Glass ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Good Accuracy ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Quadratic Equation ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Residual Water ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
Design Expert ◽  
Surface Method

A large amount of collectors, inhibitors and modifiers such as oleic acid, water glass and sodium carbonate are added to the flotation processing of tungsten ore, resulting in the difficulty of the suspended solids (SS) with the residual water glass settling down in the flotation wastewater. The removal efficiency of the suspended solids is low with commonly used reagents like polyaluminium chloride (PAC) and polyacrylamide (PAM). This paper innovatively applied calcium chloride (CaCl2) to treat flotation wastewater and optimized the dosage of CaCl2, PAM and the pH value. The experimental results showed that when the dosage of 595 mg/L CaCl2 was combined with 21 mg/L PAM at pH 12, the turbidity removal ratio could reach 99.98%, and the residual turbidity of the supernatant was 0.23 NTU. The effluent could fully meet the requirements for reuse in industrial, urban miscellaneous and scenic environment water consumption (turbidity < 5 NTU). The quadratic equation model fitted with Design-Expert 8.0.6 software was constructed as Y = 91.52 + 8.68A + 1.11B − 1.02C − 1.7AB + 0.86AC + 0.06BC − 1.56A2 + 2.09B2 − 1.89C2, which had a good accuracy of the predicted responses versus the experimental data.

scholarly journals Facile Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and Preparation of Conductive Ink

Nanomaterials ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Gui Bing Hong ◽  
Yi Hua Luo ◽  
Kai Jen Chuang ◽  
Hsiu Yueh Cheng ◽  
Kai Chau Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Chemical Reduction ◽  
Flexible Substrate ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Conductive Ink

In the scientific industry, sustainable nanotechnology has attracted great attention and has been successful in facilitating solutions to challenges presented in various fields. For the present work, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were prepared using a chemical reduction synthesis method. Then, a low-temperature sintering process was deployed to obtain an Ag-conductive ink preparation which could be applied to a flexible substrate. The size and shape of the AgNPs were characterized by ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry (UV-Vis) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The experiments indicated that the size and agglomeration of the AgNPs could be well controlled by varying the reaction time, reaction temperature, and pH value. The rate of nanoparticle generation was the highest when the reaction temperature was 100 °C within the 40 min reaction time, achieving the most satisfactorily dispersed nanoparticles and nanoballs with an average size of 60.25 nm at a pH value of 8. Moreover, the electrical resistivity of the obtained Ag-conductive ink is controllable, under the optimal sintering temperature and time (85 °C for 5 min), leading to an optimal electrical resistivity of 9.9 × 10−6 Ω cm. The results obtained in this study, considering AgNPs and Ag-conductive ink, may also be extended to other metals in future research.

Rheology Innovation in the Study of Mixing Conditions of Polymer Blends during Chemical Reaction

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 314-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Lacoste ◽  
L. Choplin ◽  
P. Cassagnau ◽  
A. Michel
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Polymer Blends ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Chemical Reaction ◽  
Mixing Time ◽  
Reactive Systems ◽  
Diffusion Time ◽  
Mixing Conditions ◽  
Stirred Tanks ◽  
Polymer Blending

Abstract Polymer melts can be mixed with many monomers, plasticizers, antistatics or foaming additives. Properties of such mixtures can change during blending because of chemical reactions like polymerization or crosslinking. The process may be carried out either in stirred tanks, extruders or in motionless mixers. In this paper we focused on the mixing time and the diffusion time of reagent, plasticizer and polymer thanks to rheological tools, and on the way how rheological properties can be studied during chemical reaction in polymer blending. The concept of rheoreactor and Couette analogy were introduced since we have a reactor on our disposal that can mix solution and measure rheological properties without taking sample. This apparatus appears to be an appreciable tool in complement of internal mixers that are specific to polymer blending. For example, we show the importance of the competition between mixing time and reaction time for reactive systems.

Effect of High Shear Mixing Parameters and Degassing Temperature on the Morphology of Epoxy-Clay Nanocomposites

2013 ◽  
Vol 652-654 ◽  
pp. 159-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muneer Al-Qadhi ◽  
Nesar Merah ◽  
Khaled Mezghani ◽  
Zafarullah Khan ◽  
Zuhair Gasem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixing Time ◽  
Diglycidyl Ether ◽  
Clay Nanocomposites ◽  
High Shear ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Transmission Microscopy ◽  
Clay Dispersion ◽  
Mixing Speed ◽  
Shear Mixing ◽  
Mixing Method

Epoxy-clay nanocomposites were prepared by high shear mixing method using Nanomer I.30E nanoclay as nano-reinforcement in diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA). The effect of mixing speed and time on the nature and degree of clay dispersion were investigated by varying the mixing speed in the range of 500-8000 RPM and mixing time in the range of 15-90 minutes. The effect of degassing temperature on the morphology of the resultant nanocomposites was also studied. Scanning and transmission microscopy (SEM & TEM) along with x-ray diffraction (XRD) have been used to characterize the effect of shear mixing speed, mixing time and degassing temperature on the structure of the resultant nanocomposites. The SEM, TEM and XRD examinations demonstrated that the degree of clay dispersion was improved with increasing the high shear mixing speed and mixing time. The results showed that the optimum high shear mixing speed and mixing time were 6000 rpm and 60 min, respectively. It was observed that the structure of the nanocomposites that have been degassed at 65oC was dominated by ordered intercalated morphology while disordered intercalated with some exfoliated morphology was found for the sample degassed at 100oC for the first 2 hours of the degassing process.

scholarly journals The nanostructure of barium dititanate prepared by hydrothermal method

2019 ◽  
Vol 09 (02) ◽  
pp. 1950011
Author(s):  
Sarah L. Rasheed ◽  
Emad K. Al-Shakarchi
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Hydrothermal Method ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Hydrothermal Process ◽  
Dielectric Ceramic ◽  
Lattice Constants ◽  
Preparation Conditions ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Lcr Meter

The dielectric ceramic of barium dititanate compound BaTi2O5 had been prepared through the hydrothermal process by applying different parameters, such as pH-value, reaction time, temperature and pressure. The prepared powders were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The predominant phase was a monoclinic phase with lattice constants ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] Å), ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]), and the unit cell volume (527 Å3). The surface morphology was demonstrated by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). It exhibited the grains in spherical and elliptical shapes with high homogeneity. The shapes of nanostructure were analyzed by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The appearance of nanostructures like the nanoparticles and nano rods were found. The size of nanoparticles was in the range of 9–31[Formula: see text]nm, and size of nanorods was 32–37[Formula: see text]nm. The dielectric measurements were done by using LCR meter at different temperature and frequencies (10, 50 and 100[Formula: see text]kHz). It was clear that the Curie temperature had a high value up to (485∘C). The relative permittivity was partially changed for two prepared samples regarding high pressure and long reaction time, which were the main preparation conditions of hydrothermal method.

Effects of Different Processing Techniques on the Properties of PLA

2012 ◽  
Vol 550-553 ◽  
pp. 2932-2935
Author(s):  
Hong Juan Zheng ◽  
Yan Rong Wang ◽  
Zhi Wei Zhao ◽  
Lin Qi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Mixing Time ◽  
Processing Temperature ◽  
Processing Conditions ◽  
Mixing Conditions ◽  
Processing Property ◽  
Obvious Effect ◽  
Good Thermal Stability ◽  
Mixing Speed ◽  
Internal Mixing ◽  
Processing Techniques

PLA has excellent processing property and good thermal stability, which are closely related to the processing technology, and the general processing temperature can be controlled in 170~230°C. Effects of different processing conditions (internal mixing temperature, internal mixing time and internal mixing speed) on the properties of PLA were discussed. The results show that the mechanical properties and other performance of PLA can be obviously enhanced by internal mixing. Internal mixing time and internal mixing speed have little effects on the performance of PLA, but the internal mixing temperature has obvious effect on the properties of PLA. PLA has the optimum properties when the internal mixing time is 5min, internal mixing speed is 20r/min and internal mixing temperature is 190°C. The spherocrystal size and spherocrystal rate of PLA are influenced strongly by the mixing conditions.

Study on the Photocatalytic Degradation of Diesel Pollutants in Seawater by a Prepared Nano Ag-Droped Zinc Oxide

2014 ◽  
Vol 609-610 ◽  
pp. 311-316
Author(s):  
Xiao Cai Yu ◽  
Dong Dong Hu ◽  
Jin Fang Chen ◽  
Xiao Jie Jin ◽  
Xu Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Photocatalytic Degradation ◽  
Calcination Temperature ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Orthogonal Experiment ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Sonochemical Method

ZnO and Ag-droped ZnO photocatalysts with different Ag loadings (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0at%) and different calcination temperature (300, 400, 500, 600, 700°C) were synthesized by a sonochemical method. The morphology and crystal pattern of some prepared catalysts were characterized by XRD and SEM techniques which demonstrated that the prepared catalysts were of hexagonal wurtzite structure. Ag loadings, calcination temperature and other factors, dosage of photocatalyst, reaction time and pH value of seawater, were also taken into consideration in the procedure of photocatalytic degradation reaction under UV light. An orthogonal experiment was carried out to investigate the best combination of factors which can reach the best diesel pollution removal rate and the influence order of factors. Reaction time and dosage of catalyst were the most influential factors in this experiment, and the factor of calcination temperature was the weakest influential factor. The removal rate of diesel can up to 78% when the experiment was undertaken under the very conditions: the dosage of catalyst 2.0g/L, reaction time 2.0h, Ag loading of catalyst 1.0 at%, calcinations temperature 400°C and pH value 8.5.

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