A Desulphurization Mathmatical Model for Single Snorkel Refining Furnace

2012 ◽  
Vol 476-478 ◽  
pp. 340-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Xuan Rui ◽  
Guo Guang Cheng

With an increasing demand for high grade electric magnetic steels, SSRF(Single Snorkel Refining Furance) has got much attention due to its high efficiency of both decarburization and desulphurization. However the desulphurization mechanism of this kind SSRF is remarkably different from that of other steel refining processes such as LF,RH etc. , so it is necessary to understand the behaviour of desulphurization clearly. A mathmatical model has been established in this paper to investigate the degree of desulpurization with time on the basis of the influencing factors such as sulphur capacity of flux ,stirring energy of molten steel. It is shown that the desulpurization rate constant is about 1.0E-8 in accordance with the data from the practical test of a steel plant with SSRF.

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (14) ◽  
pp. 3480-3487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yifan Li ◽  
Tianheng Chen ◽  
Manli Huang ◽  
Yu Gu ◽  
Shaolong Gong ◽  
...  

A dendronization strategy on a blue TADF core tunes the twist angle, ΔEST, DF lifetime and rate constant of RISC for high-efficiency solution-processed non-doped OLEDs.


2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sing Long Wei ◽  
Azlina Harun@Kamaruddin ◽  
Subhash Bhatia

Kepentingan kekiralan dalam aktiviti farmaseutikal telah menuntut kaedah yang berproduktif tinggi dan ekonomik untuk mensintesis enantiomer tulen secara komersil. Ubat moden kerap mengunakan enantiomer daripada suatu campuran stereo–isomer. Permintaan terhadap agen terapeutik yang tulen secara optik menjadi semakin kritikal kerana cirinya yang lebih spesifik berbanding campuran rasemik. Walau bagaimanapun, teknologi konvesional yang dipraktikkan selama ini menghasilkan campuran kedua-dua enantiomer yang sukar dipisahkan. Dalam konteks ini, resolusi berenzim ialah suatu cara untuk mengatasi masalah ini. Resolusi kinetik ialah suatu kaedah yang membolehkan pecahan substratum baki dihasilkan dengan ketulenan enantiomer yang tinggi. Secara unggul, satu daripada enantiomer bertindak balas secara enantiopilihan dengan kadar yang lebih cepat bagi suatu entiti kiral. Sebagai suatu teknologi yang berpotensi tinggi dalam penghasilan enantiomer spesifik, reaktor membran berenzim (EMR) berjaya mengatasi kekurangan yang dialami oleh sistem konvensional. Reaktor membran berenzim menggabungkan pengangkutan jisim memilih dengan tindak balas kimia, dan penyingkiran memilih produk daripada medium tindak balas. Ciri unggul yang ditunjukkan oleh reaktor membran berenzim ialah keupayaannya meningkatkan penghasilan tindak balas berenzim yang berbentuk perencat produk atau tindak balas yang tak sesuai secara termodinamik. Berbanding lipase lain yang ada, lipase daripada Candida rugosa dianggap sebagai suatu biomangkin yang unggul bagi resolusi campuran ester dan alkohol, kerana lipase ini bertindak secara enantiopilihan dan memangkin pensistesisan enantiomer melalui tindak balas hidrolisis. Dalam kertas kerja ini, penggunaan sistem EMR lipase tak boleh gerak terhadap perkembangan teknologi kiral dibincangkan secara umum, dengan tumpuan khusus diberikan terhadap penghasilan drug kiral. Kata kunci: Drug kiral; ketulenan secara optik; enantiomer; resolusi kinetik; reaktor membran berenzim The increasing popularity of chirality in pharmaceutical activity has stimulated an increasing demand for economical and high productive methods for commercial synthesis of pure enantiomers. Modern medicines often call for just one enantiomer of a stereo–isomer. The demand for these optically pure therapeutic agents is becoming more stringent due to its more–specific characteristic than racemic mixtures. However, conventional technologies yield a mixture of both isomers which are difficult to separate. In this context, enzymatic resolution is a subject of recent investigation, where high efficiency of heterogeneous and homogeneous catalyzed multiphase chemistries is being explored. Kinetic resolution is a method in which the residual substrate fraction can be obtained in high enantiomeric purity. Ideally one enantiomer reacts faster than the other with a chiral entity. As a potential technology for the production of specific enantiomer, enzymatic membrane reactor (EMR) has been reported to overcome some of the limitations of the conventional system. Enzymatic membrane reactors combine selective mass transport with chemical reactions, and the selective removal of products from the reaction site increases the conversion of product–inhibited or thermodynamically unfavorable reactions. Of all the lipase available, lipase from Cadida rugosa is given particular attention as an ideal biocatalyst for the resolution of racemic esters and alcohols, as it acts enantioselectively and prefers to catalyze the synthesis of one of the enantiomers using hydrolysis with higher preference. In this paper, the authors presented a review of unique potential application of lipase–immobilized EMR systems towards the development of chirotechnology that has been presented which mainly focuses on chiral drugs production. Key words: Chiral drugs, optical purity; enantiomers; kinetic resolution; enzymatic membrane reactors


2014 ◽  
Vol 536-537 ◽  
pp. 268-271
Author(s):  
Ping He ◽  
Chao Liu ◽  
Meng Wang ◽  
Sheng Mei Cao

Paper defects mean that there are some defects in the paper such as hole, emboss, and fold during the paper production, which mainly results from the limitation of technological level. In the past time, artificial visual inspection and off-line checking were often used to detect the paper defects. However, its shortcoming was highlighted along with the improvement of industrial technology level and increasing demand for paper. In order to realize the online detection and markers for paper defects, the project designs the on-line detection system based on line-scan digital camera. Firstly, the principle and detection scheme of the system for the paper defects was presented. Then the overall structure of the system was designed. After that, the hardware circuit of the system was designed using TMS320F2812 as main control chip. It mainly consists of the function of each module and the working process of the system. Finally, the software of the image acquisition system was presented. With the experimental verification, the system has advantages of low cost, high efficiency and strong resistance to interference. The functions and indexes achieved the design requirements.


2012 ◽  
Vol 581-582 ◽  
pp. 899-903
Author(s):  
Long Kui Jiang

Based on feature of low-sulphur steel smelting in PanGang, in terms of optimizing desulfurization technology, reducing resulfurization in converter steelmaking, optimizing desulfurization in LF molten steel refining process and developing RH molten steel refining desulfurization technology. The sulphur content of hot metal can be controlled no more than 0.003%, and that of terminal molten steel can also be controlled no more than 0.005%, which makes the production of low-sulphur steel come true, and the technology route of such steel smelting be established.


2013 ◽  
Vol 850-851 ◽  
pp. 192-195
Author(s):  
Xi Yang Sun ◽  
Dong Mei Li

With the increasing demand for high efficiency, low cost and the bulk, so the production of micro-forming has a very important significance. Firstly, the introduction of micro-forming is introduced in this paper. Then, its basic theory, including size effects and temperature effects, is presented. At last, a future research direction is highlighted.


1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (12) ◽  
pp. 1614-1620 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Ali ◽  
E. A. Ogryzlo ◽  
Y. Q. Shen ◽  
P. T. Wassell

The recombination of oxygen atoms has been studied in a discharge flow system at room temperature. The yield of O2(a1Δg) in the recombination on Pyrex has been found to be 0.08 (±0.02). In the gas phase, O2(a) was found to be formed in a process that is second order in [O] and first order in [N2]. The rate constant for this third-order reaction was found to be 3.4 (±0.4) × 10−34 cm6∙molecule−2∙s−1, representing a yield of 0.07 (±0.02). In the presence of molecular oxygen, the rate of production of O2(a) was found to increase. A kinetic study of this effect led to the conclusion that collisions of molecular oxygen with an unidentified precursor can produce O2(a) with high efficiency.


Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yabin Liu ◽  
Lei Tan ◽  
Binbin Wang

Propellers, pumps, and turbines are widely applied in marine equipment, water systems, and hydropower stations. With the increasing demand for energy conservation and environmental protection, the high efficiency and the stable operation of pumps and turbine have been drawing great attention in recent decades. However, the tip clearance between the rotating impeller and the stationary shroud can induce leakage flow and interact with the main stream, introducing complex vortex structures. Consequently, the energy performance and the operation stability of pumps and turbines deteriorate considerably. Constant efforts are exerted to investigate the flow mechanism of tip-clearance flow and its induced influence on performance. However, due to various pump and turbine types and the complexity of tip-clearance flow, previous works are usually focused on a specific issue. Therefore, a systematic review that synthesizes the related research is necessary and meaningful. This review investigates related research in the recent two decades in the perspectives from fundamental physics to engineering applications. Results reveal the vortex types, trajectory, evolution, and cavitation behaviors induced by tip-clearance flow. It is concluded that the influence characteristics of tip clearance on energy performance are closely related to the machinery type. Tip-clearance size and tip shape are found to be crucial parameters for tip-leakage vortex (TLV). The proposed optimization schemes are also demonstrated to provide inspiration for future research. Overall, this review article provides a coherent insight into the characteristics of tip-clearance flow and the associated engineering-design applications. On the basis of these understandings, comments on conducted research and ideas on future research are proposed.


2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irem Zeynep Yildirim ◽  
Monica Prezzi

Steel slag is a byproduct of the steelmaking and steel refining processes. This paper provides an overview of the different types of steel slag that are generated from basic-oxygen-furnace (BOF) steelmaking, electric-arc-furnace (EAF) steelmaking, and ladle-furnace steel refining processes. The mineralogical and morphological properties of BOF and electric-arc-furnace-ladle [EAF(L)] slag samples generated from two steel plants in Indiana were determined through X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analyses and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) studies. The XRD patterns of both BOF and EAF(L) slag samples were very complex, with several overlapping peaks resulting from the many minerals present in these samples. The XRD analyses indicated the presence of free MgO and CaO in both the BOF and EAF(L) slag samples. SEM micrographs showed that the majority of the sand-size steel slag particles had subangular to angular shapes. Very rough surface textures with distinct crystal structures were observed on the sand-size particles of BOF and EAF(L) slag samples under SEM. The characteristics of the steel slag samples considered in this study are discussed in the context of a detailed review of steel slag properties.


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