Preparation of PANI Nanotubes by Template Electrosynthesis

2013 ◽  
Vol 800 ◽  
pp. 406-410
Author(s):  
Bao Song Li ◽  
Wei Wei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Voltammetry ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Pore Diameter ◽  
Electrochemical Polymerization ◽  
Conductivity Measurements ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Outside Diameter ◽  
Polyaniline Nanotubes

Polyaniline nanotubes were prepared by electrochemical polymerization polyaniline within the pores of AAO templates and have been open on one ends. The outside diameter of these tubes is determined by the pore diameter in the template used and that the length of the tube is determined by the thickness of the template. Influencing factors include the polymerization potential, current, scanning rates and numbers, solutions. The characterization of the resulting materials was carried out by UV-vis, X-ray diffraction, cyclic voltammetry, scanning lectron microscopy and conductivity measurements.

scholarly journals Microwave-Assisted Synthesis and Characterization of γ-MnO2 for High-Performance Supercapacitors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorena Cuéllar-Herrera ◽  
Elsa Arce-Estrada ◽  
Antonio Romero-Serrano ◽  
José Ortiz-Landeros ◽  
Román Cabrera-Sierra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Voltammetry ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Pore Diameter ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
High Specific Capacitance ◽  
Microwave Assisted Synthesis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
20 Nm

AbstractTwo hydrothermal techniques under microwave irradiation were used to synthesize γ-MnO2 from 90°C to 150°C in 10−30 min. The first technique is based on reducing KMnO4 with MnSO4, and the second one involves liquid-phase oxidation between MnSO4 and (NH4)2S2O8. The structures and morphologies of the samples were analyzed using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and N2 physisorption measurements. The electrochemical properties were evaluated through cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The γ-MnO2 materials obtained by the first technique mainly exhibited nanorods with diameters of 40–60 nm, and the samples obtained by the second technique showed flower-like microspheres with diameters of 1−2 µm; each flower was composed of nanosheets with a thickness of 10−20 nm. The processing time directly depends on the size of the nanorods. The sample synthesized by the first technique at 150°C and 10 min has the highest specific surface area of up to 59.08 m2 g−1 and mean pore diameter of 34.11 nm. Furthermore, this sample exhibits a near-rectangular cyclic voltammetry curves and high specific capacitance of 331.3 F g−1 in 0.1 M Na2SO4 solution at 5 mV s−1 scan rate. Graphic abstract

Preparation and Characterization of Polyaniline Nanotubes Doped with Different Acid

2013 ◽  
Vol 401-403 ◽  
pp. 663-666
Author(s):  
Xue Lian Bai ◽  
Jian Ting Mei ◽  
Zhong Guo Mu ◽  
Yun Bai
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Ammonium Persulfate ◽  
Tetraacetic Acid ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Structure And Property ◽  
Assembly Method ◽  
Polyaniline Nanotubes

Polyaniline (PANI) nanotubes were synthesized separately using amino acetic acid (AA), ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), oxalic acid (OA) as dopant and ammonium persulfate (APS) as oxidant by a self-assembly method. SEM, TEM,FTIR and X-ray diffraction (XRD) and applying the 4 probes method characterized the morphology, structure and property of the product. It was found that nanotubes morphology were synthesized when the [Aci/[A ratio is 1:2.The room template conductivity of the products were studied.

Synthesis and Characterization of the PANI/ITO Conducting Nanocomposites

2010 ◽  
Vol 663-665 ◽  
pp. 542-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Jie Zhu ◽  
Xin Wei Wang ◽  
Mei Fang Zhu ◽  
Qing Hong Zhang ◽  
Yao Gang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Doping Concentration ◽  
In Situ Polymerization ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Conductivity Measurements ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Maximum Conductivity ◽  
Scanning Electron

The PANI/ITO conducting nanocomposites have been synthesized by in-situ polymerization. The obtained nanocomposites were characterized by X-ray diffraction pattern, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared. Electrical conductivity measurements on the samples pressed into pellets showed that the maximum conductivity attained 2.0 ± 0.05 S/cm for PANI/ITO nanocomposites, at ITO doping concentration of 10 wt%. The results of the present work may provide a simple, rapid and efficient approach for preparing PANI/ITO nanocomposites.

scholarly journals Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and Spectroscopic Characterization of Bis-aldehyde Monomers and Their Electrically Conductive Pristine Polyazomethines

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Hafeez ◽  
Zareen Akhter ◽  
John F. Gallagher ◽  
Nawazish Ali Khan ◽  
Asghari Gul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Spectroscopic Characterization ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Conductivity Measurements ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Electrically Conductive ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Ft Ir

Bis-aldehyde monomers 4-(4′-formyl-phenoxy)benzaldehyde (3a), 3-methoxy-4-(4′-formyl-phenoxy)benzaldehyde (3b), and 3-ethoxy-4-(4′-formyl-phenoxy)benzaldehyde (3c) were synthesized by etherification of 4-fluorobenzaldehyde (1) with 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (2a), 3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (2b), and 3-ethoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (2c), respectively. Each monomer was polymerized with p-phenylenediamine and 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl ether to yield six poly(azomethine)s. Single crystal X-ray diffraction structures of 3b and 3c were determined. The structural characterization of the monomers and poly(azomethine)s was performed by FT-IR and NMR spectroscopic techniques and elemental analysis. Physicochemical properties of polymers were investigated by powder X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), viscometry, UV–vis, spectroscopy and photoluminescence. These polymers were subjected to electrical conductivity measurements by the four-probe method, and their conductivities were found to be in the range 4.0 × 10−5 to 6.4 × 10−5 Scm−1, which was significantly higher than the values reported so far.

scholarly journals Experimental techniques for the characterization of carbon nanoparticles – a brief overview

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 1760-1766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech Kempiński ◽  
Szymon Łoś ◽  
Mateusz Kempiński ◽  
Damian Markowski
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Carbon Nanoparticles ◽  
Carrier Transport ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Conductivity Measurements ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Paramagnetic Resonance ◽  
X Ray

The review of four experimental methods: X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance and four-point electrical conductivity measurements is presented to characterize carbon nanoparticles. Two types of carbon nanoparticle systems are discussed: one comprising the powder of individual carbon nanoparticles and the second as a structurally interconnected nanoparticle matrix in the form of a fiber. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy reveal the atomic structure of the carbon nanoparticles and allow for observation of the changes in the quasi-graphitic ordering induced by ultrasonic irradiation and with the so-called quasi-high pressure effect under adsorption conditions. Structural changes have strong influence on the electronic properties, especially the localization of charge carriers within the nanoparticles, which can be observed with the EPR technique. This in turn can be well-correlated with the four-point electrical conductivity measurements which directly show the character of the charge carrier transport within the examined structures.

Synthesis and Characterization of Co/SBA-15 Catalysts

2016 ◽  
Vol 881 ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
Franciele Oliveira Costa ◽  
Carla Gabriela Azevedo Misael ◽  
André Miranda da Silva ◽  
Bianca Viana de Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Sieve ◽  
Pore Diameter ◽  
Mesoporous Structure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Wet Impregnation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Temperature Programmed

The mesoporous silica SBA-15 molecular sieve has been widely studied due to its unidirectional mesoporous structure, its high average pore diameter, its high thermal and hydrothermal stability and its ability to absorb metal ions, allowing its use as support material for catalysts. This study aimed to synthesize the Co/SBA-15 catalyst, and characterize it through the techniques of X-ray diffraction, temperature programmed reduction (TPR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The SBA-15 support was synthesized from the following molar composition of reaction mixture: 1TEOS: 0.017 P123: 5.7 HCl: 173 H2O: 40 EtOH, and after calcined at 550 °C for 6 hours. The Co/SBA-15 catalyst was prepared by incorporating 10% cobalt by wet impregnation. Through the X-ray diffractograms, it was found that the impregnation has not changed the structure of the material. RTP profiles showed the presence of peaks at different temperatures that may be caused by dispersion of the cobalt.

Synthesis and Characterization of Carbon Nanotubes by Using Catalyst LiNi0.5Co0.5O2 on Anodized Alumina Substrate

2009 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 197-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuldeep Rana ◽  
Anjan Sil ◽  
Subrata Ray
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Structural Modification ◽  
Pore Diameter ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Anodized Aluminum ◽  
Anodized Aluminum Oxide ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Graphitic Sheet

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been synthesized by chemical decomposition of acetylene gas at 580°C and 650°C using catalyst of LiNi0.5Co0.5O2. The effect of decomposition temperature on structure of the CNTs is that, CNTs grown at 650°C have lower defects concentration and higher crystallinity as compared to that grown at 580°C. The porous anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) template (as substrate), catalyst particles and the CNTs grown were analyzed by FE-SEM. The pore diameter in the template lies in range of 30 - 80 nm. The CNTs have been analyzed by using Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques. The up-shift in G-band of graphitic sheet and larger full width at half maximum of the peak in the Raman spectra of the CNT in comparison to those observed for graphite are indicative of the structural modification. XRD results also indicate the structural modification in CNT based on the fact that d-value becomes 3.42 Å, which is larger than 3.35 Å for graphite. The tube diameters lie in the range of 12 - 50 nm.

Electrochemical Polymerization and Characterization of Poly(3-Methylthiophene) in Pure Ionic Liquids

2011 ◽  
Vol 311-313 ◽  
pp. 481-484
Author(s):  
Xia Wang ◽  
Li Jin Feng ◽  
Zhi Ai Yang ◽  
Rong Ma ◽  
Xu Chun Song
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cyclic Voltammetry ◽  
Electrochemical Polymerization ◽  
Prepared Film ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Polymerization Method ◽  
Scanning Electron

Poly(3-methylthiophene) (PMeT) was electrochemically synthesized on an ITO surface in the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-metyllimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([BMIM]PF6) by a potentiodynamic polymerization method. The poly(3-methylthiophene) was characterized by fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis(EDS). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to show the morphology of the PMeT film. Electrochemical properties of the prepared film were characterized by cyclic voltammetry.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of Phosphate Doped BaPr1-y(Y/Yb/Tm)yO3-δ

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phil Keenan ◽  
Alaric smith ◽  
Peter Slater
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Conductivity Measurements ◽  
Conductivity Data ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Co Doping ◽  
Low Levels

<p>In this paper we examine the effects of doping phosphate into yttrium, ytterbium, and thulium doped BaPrO<sub>3</sub>. Through phosphate doping it is possible to achieve high levels of Y/Yb/Tm, and we show that it is possible to completely replace all the Pr with this co-doping strategy, albeit such phases contained small impurities. The samples were analysed through a combination of X-ray diffraction, TGA, Raman spectroscopy and conductivity measurements. Conductivity data indicated that these heavily Y/Yb/Tm doped samples, however, showed lower conductivities than reported for previously for low levels (10-20%) of Y/Yb doping. </p>

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