Chemical Kinetics Application of Hydrocarbon Generation of Shuang Yang Stratum in well Chang 27

2013 ◽  
Vol 807-809 ◽  
pp. 2133-2138
Author(s):  
Gui Lei Wang ◽  
Hai Tao Xue ◽  
Shuang Fang Lu ◽  
Wei Ming Wang
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Kinetic Model ◽  
Chemical Kinetics ◽  
Thermal Simulation ◽  
Hydrocarbon Generation ◽  
Late Period ◽  
Simulation Data ◽  
Generation Stage ◽  
Rock Eval ◽  
Generation Period

To determine the hydrocarbon - generating characteristics of Shuangyang Formation in Well Chang 27.We selected dark mudstone in Shuangyang Formation to launch Rock-Eval (open system) thermal simulation. Through thermal simulation data to demarcate a kinetic model,the Shuangyang Stratum mudstone samples reveal the gas intensity is mainly distributed in (210~230) kJ/mol),the average activation energy is 223kJ/mol. The hydrocarbon - generating characteristics of Shuangyang Formation in Well Chang 27 whose hydrocarbon generation stage mainly in the period (37~24) Ma, corresponding the late period of the Yongji Formation deposition to the late period of the Qijia Formation deposition. In Chang 27 Well area,the average generating strength of gas in Shuangyang Formation is (21~37×108) m3·km2. The hydrocarbon generation stage of Shuangyang Formation in Chang 27 Well area is mainly in (37~24) Ma, corresponding to the late deposition period of the Yongji Formation and Qijia Formation. Both the shorter periods of hydrocarbon generation and late hydrocarbon generation period made great contributions to accumulation, in which Shuang_1 formation played a bigger role.

scholarly journals How TOC affects Rock-Eval pyrolysis and hydrocarbon generation kinetics: an example of Yanchang Shale (T3y) from Ordos Basin, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 600 (1) ◽  
pp. 012026
Author(s):  
Yu Sun ◽  
Lingling Liao ◽  
Shuyong Shi ◽  
Jinzhong Liu ◽  
Yunpeng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Ordos Basin ◽  
Generation Rate ◽  
Hydrocarbon Generation ◽  
Drill Core ◽  
Transformation Ratio ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Energy Peak ◽  
Rock Eval

Abstract Rock-Eval pyrolysis and kinetics are widely used to evaluate hydrocarbon generations. Due to heterogeneity of shale, even a series of samples come from the same drill core rock will have a wide range of total organic carbon (TOC). It is important to select propriate TOC samples to acquire Rock-Eval and kinetic parameters. However, influence of different TOC levels to Rock-Eval and kinetics are still not well known. In this study, different samples with different TOC of 3.87%, 13.59%, 18.17%, 23.93%, 25.93% and 35.35% taken from one drill core were selected and analysed. And all samples are prepared to 4mm grain-size samples for Rock-Eval pyrolysis to reflect hydrocarbon generation and expulsion in realistic conditions. The results show that generation rate gradually decreases from 0.0064 to 0.0053 mg/g·s−1 when TOC increase from 13.59 to 35.35%. And the samples with 35.35% and 25.53% TOC show highest transformation ratio, while the samples with 3.87% show the lowest transformation ratio. In addition, the samples with 3.87% TOC only shows one main activation energy peak (56Kcal/mol). Yet the samples with 35.35% TOC shows three activation energy peaks (53, 54, 56Kcal/mol). With increasing of TOC levels of samples, percentage of main activation energy decrease from 69.43 to 25.96 and 29.62%. Therefore, generation rate of high TOC shale will decrease and transformation ratio will increase. And hydrocarbon generation and expulsion of high TOC samples need lower action energies.

Vulcanization of Elastomers. 23. The Chemical Kinetics of Vulcanization Reactions and The Physical Properties of The Vulcanizates. I

1960 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-341
Author(s):  
Walter Scheele ◽  
Karl-Heinz Hillmer
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Chemical Kinetics ◽  
Kcal Mole ◽  
First Order ◽  
Equilibrium Swelling ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Kinetics Of Vulcanization ◽  
Limiting Value ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract As a complement to earlier investigations, and in order to examine more closely the connection between the chemical kinetics and the changes with vulcanization time of the physical properties in the case of vulcanization reactions, we used thiuram vulcanizations as an example, and concerned ourselves with the dependence of stress values (moduli) at different degrees of elongation and different vulcanization temperatures. We found: 1. Stress values attain a limiting value, dependent on the degree of elongation, but independent of the vulcanization temperature at constant elongation. 2. The rise in stress values with the vulcanization time is characterized by an initial delay, which, however, is practically nonexistent at higher temperatures. 3. The kinetics of the increase in stress values with vulcanization time are both qualitatively and quantitatively in accord with the dependence of the reciprocal equilibrium swelling on the vulcanization time; both processes, after a retardation, go according to the first order law and at the same rate. 4. From the temperature dependence of the rate constants of reciprocal equilibrium swelling, as well as of the increase in stress, an activation energy of 22 kcal/mole can be calculated, in good agreement with the activation energy of dithiocarbamate formation in thiuram vulcanizations.

Kinetic Model of the 1,2-Propanediol Oxidation Reaction in the Presence of 3wt%Pd/α-Al2O3 Catalyst

2021 ◽  
Vol 903 ◽  
pp. 143-148
Author(s):  
Svetlana Cornaja ◽  
Svetlana Zhizhkuna ◽  
Jevgenija Vladiko
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Kinetic Model ◽  
Catalytic Oxidation ◽  
Molecular Oxygen ◽  
Oxidation Reaction ◽  
Main Product ◽  
Oxidation Process ◽  
Water Solution ◽  
Reaction Conditions

Supported 3wt%Pd/α-Al₂O₃ catalyst was tested in selective oxidation of 1,2-propanediol by molecular oxygen. It was found that the catalyst is active in an alkaline water solution. Lactic acid was obtained as the main product of the reaction. Influence of different reaction conditions on 1,2-PDO conversion and oxidation process selectivity was studied. Partial kinetic orders of the reaction with respect to 1,2-propanediol, c0(NaOH), p(O2), n(1,2-PDO)/n(Pd)) were determined and an experimental kinetic model of the catalytic oxidation reaction was obtained. Activation energy of the process was calculated and was found to be about 53 ± 5 kJ/mol.

scholarly journals Central Composite Design, Kinetic Model, Thermodynamics, and Chemical Composition of Pomelo (Citrus Maxima (Burm.) Merr.) Essential Oil Extraction by Steam Distillation

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2075
Author(s):  
Tan Phat Dao ◽  
Thanh Viet Nguyen ◽  
Thi Yen Nhi Tran ◽  
Xuan Tien Le ◽  
Ton Nu Thuy An ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Kinetic Model ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Rate Constant ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Oil Extraction ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Pomelo Peel

Pomelo peel-derived essential oils have been gaining popularity due to greater demand for stress relief therapy or hair care therapy. In this study, we first performed optimization of parameters in the pomelo essential oil extraction process on a pilot scale to gain better insights for application in larger scale production. Then extraction kinetics, activation energy, thermodynamics, and essential oil quality during the extraction process were investigated during the steam distillation process. Three experimental conditions including material mass, steam flow rate, and extraction time were taken into consideration in response surface methodology (RSM) optimization. The optimal conditions were found as follows: sample weight of 422 g for one distillation batch, steam flow rate of 2.16 mL/min and extraction time of 106 min with the coefficient of determination R2 of 0.9812. The nonlinear kinetics demonstrated the compatibility of the kinetic model with simultaneous washing and unhindered diffusion with a washing rate constant of 0.1515 min−1 and a diffusion rate constant of 0.0236 min−1. The activation energy of the washing and diffusion process was 167.43 kJ.mol−1 and 96.25 kJ.mol−1, respectively. The thermodynamic value obtained at the ΔG° value was −35.02 kJ.mol−1. The quality of pomelo peel essential oil obtained by steam distillation was characterized by its high limonene content (96.996%), determined by GC-MS.

scholarly journals Apparent Activation Energy in Electrochemical Multistep Reactions: A Description via Degrees of Rate Control

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfredo Calderón-Cárdenas ◽  
Enrique A. Paredes-Salazar ◽  
Hamilton Varela
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Apparent Activation Energy ◽  
Chemical Kinetics ◽  
Rate Control ◽  
Rate Coefficients ◽  
Intrinsic Activity ◽  
Empirical Parameter ◽  
Heterogenous Catalysis ◽  
Multistep Reactions

<div> <div> <div> <p>Activation energy is a well-known empirical parameter in chemical kinetics that characterises the dependence of the chemical rate coefficients on the temperature and provides information to compare the intrinsic activity of the catalysts. However, the determination and interpretation of the apparent activation energy in multistep reactions is not an easy task. For this purpose, the concept of degree of rate control is convenient, which comprises a mathematical approach for analyzing reaction mechanisms and chemical kinetics. Although this concept has been used in catalysis, it has not yet been applied in electrocatalytic systems, whose ability to control the potential across the solid/liquid interface is the main difference with heterogenous catalysis, and the electrical current is commonly used as a measure of the reaction rate. Herein we use the definition of ‘degree of rate control for elementary step’ to address some of the drawbacks that frequently arise with interpreting apparent activation energy as a measure of intrinsic electrocatalytic activity of electrode. For this, an electrokinetic model Langmuir-Hinshelwood-like is used for making numerical experiments and verifying the proposed ideas. The results show that to improve the catalytic activity of an electrode material, it must act upon the reaction steps with the highest normalised absolute values of degree of rate control. On the other hand, experiments at different applied voltages showed that if the electroactive surface poisoning process take place, changes in 𝐸𝑎𝑝𝑝 can not be used to compare the catalytic activity of the electrodes. Finally, the importance of making measurements at steady-state to avoid large errors in the calculations of apparent activation energy is also discussed. </p> </div> </div> </div>

Ignition Forecast Based on Chemical Kinetics and Uncertainty Quantification

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunan Li ◽  
Timothy I. Anderson ◽  
Anthony R. Kovscek
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Uncertainty Quantification ◽  
Heat Loss ◽  
Chemical Kinetics ◽  
Reactive Transport ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Heating Rates ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Reaction Models

Abstract The description of chemical kinetics is very import to the simulation of reactive transport for enhanced oil recovery (EOR). Characterizing petroleum ignition is especially important for simulation and prediction of In-Situ Combustion (ISC). In order to model crude oil oxidation reactions accurately, an experimental workflow is introduced to obtain kinetic parameters for ISC chemical reaction models. An optimization algorithm assists to match the reaction model parameters to the experimental results, and this validated model is used to predict ignition of crude oil in porous media. Apparent activation energy is estimated from ramped temperature oxidation experiments under several heating rates, including 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 °C/min. These experiments are separated into a small heating rates group (1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 °/min) and large heating rates (5, 10, 15, 20 °/min). The results show that experiments with small heating rates capture the details of reaction kinetics such that the estimated activation energy is more accurate, with the validated simulation model able to make accurate predictions for this particular crude oil. After matching the kinetics parameters, we predict the ignition conditions as a function of the air flow rates and the heat loss rates. The ignition envelope indicates that the window for air flow rates to ignite the oil decreases if the heat loss rate is high. Greater heat losses require more thermal energy to be released from the reaction to overcome losses and for ignition to occur. This leads to a narrower range of ignition air flow rates due to convective heat transfer. The uncertainty quantification results provide a confidence region for the ignition envelope impacted by the threshold temperature of the ignition criterion. The novelty of this work is the description of optimized combustion reaction models with rigorous experimental verification and uncertainty quantification for reactive transport simulations.

Comparisons of pyrolysis parameters between source rocks and their clay-sized fractions: Implication for source material of hydrocarbon generation

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-42
Author(s):  
Xiaojun Zhu ◽  
Jingong Cai ◽  
Feng Liu ◽  
Qisheng Zhou ◽  
Yue Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Hydrocarbon Generation ◽  
Petroleum Systems ◽  
Organic Mineral ◽  
Organic Clay ◽  
Organo Clay ◽  
Rock Eval

In natural environments, organic-clay interactions are strong and cause organo-clay composites (a combination between organic matter [OM] and clay minerals) to be one of the predominant forms for OM occurrence, and their interactions greatly influence the hydrocarbon (HC) generation of OM within source rocks. However, despite occurring in nature, dominating the OM occurrence, and having unique HC generation ways, organo-clay composites have rarely been investigated as stand-alone petroleum precursors. To improve this understanding, we have compared the Rock-Eval pyrolysis parameters derived from more than 100 source rocks and their corresponding <2 μm clay-sized fractions (representing organo-clay composites). The results show that all of the Rock-Eval pyrolysis parameters in bulk rocks are closely positively correlated with those in their clay-sized fractions, but in clay-sized fractions the quality of OM for HC generation is poorer, in that the pyrolysable organic carbon levels and hydrogen index values are lower, whereas the residual organic carbon levels are higher than those in bulk rocks. Being integrated with the effects of organic-clay interactions on OM occurrence and HC generation, our results suggest that organo-clay composites are stand-alone petroleum precursors for HC generation occurring in source rocks, even if the source rocks exist in great varieties in their attributes. Our source material for HC generation comprehensively integrates the original OM occurrence and HC generation behavior in natural environments, which differs from kerogen and is much closer to the actual source material of HC generation in source rocks, and it calls for further focus on organic-mineral interactions in studies of petroleum systems.

Hydrocarbon generation and evolution of the source rocks of the lower Es3 and upper Es4 members of the Shahejie Formation in the Niuzhuang Sub-sag, Jiyang Depression, Bohai Bay Basin, eastern China

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. SN11-SN21
Author(s):  
Zhenkai Huang ◽  
Maowen Li ◽  
Quanyou Liu ◽  
Xiaomin Xie ◽  
Peng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
Bohai Bay ◽  
Hydrocarbon Generation ◽  
Bohai Bay Basin ◽  
Jiyang Depression ◽  
Generation Threshold ◽  
Oil Generation ◽  
Shahejie Formation

Systematic organic petrology and geochemistry analyses have been conducted in the source rocks of the lower Es3 and upper Es4 members of the Shahejie Formation in the Niuzhuang Sub-sag, Jiyang Depression, Bohai Bay Basin, eastern China. The results indicate that the main organic types of shale and nongypsum mudstone in the lower Es3 and upper Es4 member are I-II1 kerogen, and the predominant ([Formula: see text]) activation energy frequencies range from 57 to [Formula: see text]. The similar distribution characteristics in the two source rocks indicate that they have a similar hydrocarbon maturation process. An extensive pyrolysis analysis indicates that the source rocks of the upper Es4 member do not have an obvious double peak hydrocarbon generation model. Previous studies indicate that the hydrocarbon index peak at a depth of 2500–2700 m is affected by migrating hydrocarbon. Major differences are not observed in the hydrocarbon generation and evolution process of the shale and nongypsum mudstone. The primary oil generation threshold of the lower Es3 and upper Es4 members is approximately 3200 m, and the oil generation peak is approximately 3500 m. The activation energy distribution of the gypsum mudstone of the upper Es4 member is wider than that of the shale and nongypsum mudstone, and lower activation energies account for a larger proportion of the activation energies. The above factors may lead to a shallower oil generation threshold for gypsum mudstone compared with that for shale and nongypsum mudstone.

GEOLOGY, SOURCE ROCKS AND HYDROCARBON GENERATION IN THE CLARENCE-MORETON BASIN

1982 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
A. R. Martin ◽  
J. D. Saxby
Keyword(s):  
Vitrinite Reflectance ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
Geochemical Data ◽  
Hydrocarbon Potential ◽  
Hydrocarbon Generation ◽  
Tectonic Events ◽  
History Of ◽  
Rock Eval ◽  
Coal Measures ◽  
Migration Pathways

The geology and exploration history of the Triassic-Cretaceous Clarence-Moreton Basin are reviewed. Consideration of new geochemical data ('Rock-Eval', vitrinite reflectance, gas chromatography of extracts, organic carbon and elemental analysis of coals and kerogens) gives further insights into the hydrocarbon potential of the basin. Although organic-rich rocks are relatively abundant, most source rocks that have achieved the levels of maturation necessary for hydrocarbon generation are gas-prone. The exinite-rich oil-prone Walloon Coal Measures are in most parts relatively immature. Some restraints on migration pathways are evident and igneous and tectonic events may have disturbed potentially well-sealed traps. Further exploration is warranted, even though the basin appears gas-prone and the overall prospects for hydrocarbons are only fair. The most promising areas seem to be west of Toowoomba for oil and the Clarence Syncline for gas.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document