scholarly journals Characterization and Modelling Studies of Activated Carbon Produced from Rubber-Seed Shell Using KOH for CO2 Adsorption

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 855 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azry Borhan ◽  
Suzana Yusup ◽  
Jun Wei Lim ◽  
Pau Loke Show
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Co2 Adsorption ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Rubber Seed ◽  
Modelling Studies ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Activation Conditions

Global warming due to the emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) has become a serious problem in recent times. Although diverse methods have been offered, adsorption using activated carbon (AC) from agriculture waste is regarded to be the most applicable one due to numerous advantages. In this paper, the preparation of AC from rubber-seed shell (RSS), an agriculture residue through chemical activation using potassium hydroxide (KOH), was investigated. The prepared AC was characterized by nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms measured in Micrometrices ASAP 2020 and FESEM. The optimal activation conditions were found at an impregnation ratio of 1:2 and carbonized at a temperature of 700 °C for 120 min. Sample A6 is found to yield the largest surface area of 1129.68 m2/g with a mesoporous pore diameter of 3.46 nm, respectively. Using the static volumetric technique evaluated at 25 °C and 1.25 bar, the maximum CO2 adsorption capacity is 43.509 cm3/g. The experimental data were analyzed using several isotherm and kinetic models. Owing to the closeness of regression coefficient (R2) to unity, the Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-second kinetic model provide the best fit to the experimental data suggesting that the RSS AC prepared is an attractive source for CO2 adsorption applications.

Characterization of Activated Carbon from Wood Sawdust Prepared via Chemical Activation Using Potassium Hydroxide

2013 ◽  
Vol 832 ◽  
pp. 132-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azry Borhan ◽  
Mohd Faisal Taha ◽  
Athirah Amer Hamzah
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Wood Sawdust ◽  
Activation Conditions ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

The preparation of activated carbon from wood-based industrys residue is one of the most environmental friendly solutions of transforming negative-valued wastes to valuable materials. Wood sawdust was first chemically activated using potassium hydroxide, KOH and characterized by nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms measured in Micrometrices ASAP 2020 and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM). By manipulating three different parameters, the optimal activation conditions were found at temperature of 500°C, activation time of 60 min and impregnation ratio of 1:3. Results showed that the BET surface area, total pore volume and diameter of activated carbon were 1876.16 m2g-1, 0.88 cm3g-1and 6.93 nm, respectively. Nitrogen adsorption desorption isotherm analysis proved the existence of mesopores in activated carbon produced, suggesting that it can be effectively used as an adsorption material.

scholarly journals Development of Rubber Seed Shell–Activated Carbon Using Impregnated Pyridinium-Based Ionic Liquid for Enhanced CO2 Adsorption

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1161
Author(s):  
Nawwarah Mokti ◽  
Azry Borhan ◽  
Siti Zaine ◽  
Hayyiratul Mohd Zaid
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Co2 Adsorption ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Isosteric Heat ◽  
Rubber Seed ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Co2 Adsorption Capacity

In this study, rubber seed shell was used for the production of activated carbon by chemical activation using an ionic liquid, [C4Py][Tf2N] as an activating agent. Sample RSS-IL 800 shows the highest specific surface area of 393.99 m2/g, a total pore volume of 0.206 cm3/g, and a micropore volume of 0.172 cm3/g. The performance of AC samples as an adsorbent for CO2 was also studied using a static volumetric technique evaluated at a temperature of 25 °C and 1 bar pressure. The CO2 adsorption capacity for sample RSS-IL 800 was 2.436 mmol/g, comparable with reported data from the previous study. Results also show that the CO2 adsorption capacity decreased at a higher temperature between 50 and 100 °C and increased at elevated pressure due to its exothermic behavior. The Langmuir model fits the adsorption data well, and the isosteric heat of adsorption proved that the physisorption process and exothermic behavior occur.

Characteristics of Activated Carbon Produced from Rubber Seed Shell by Using Different Methods of Chemical Activation with KOH

2015 ◽  
Vol 781 ◽  
pp. 659-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thanchanok Pagketanang ◽  
Prasong Wongwicha ◽  
Mallika Thabuot
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Activation Method ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Rubber Seed ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption Isotherms

Rubber-seed shell was selected as the precursor for the preparation of activated carbon by chemical activation with KOH as an activating agent. Impregnation-Activation Method and Carbonization-Impregnation-Activation Method were investigated with different concentration of KOH solution. Rubber-seed shell activated carbons were characterized by using scanning electron microscope, fourier transform infared spectroscopy and nitrogen adsorption isotherms. The results present that the first method which impregnation of precursor in 2%wt. KOH solution with the ratio of 300 g/l for 24 hrs before thermal activation at 700°C for 2 hrs under 2 cm3/min of nitrogen flow, was satisfied to prepare the Rubber-seed shell activated carbon. Products with maximum BET surface area, average pore diameter and volume ratio of micropores to mesopores were equal to 429 m2/g, 2.09 nm and 4.19, respectively.

Comparative Study of Different Activation Treatments for the Preparation of Activated Carbon: A Mini-Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Imran Din ◽  
Sania Ashraf ◽  
Azeem Intisar
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Adsorption Mechanisms ◽  
Temperature Activation ◽  
Activation Conditions ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Characterisation Techniques

In this review, various methods of preparation of activated carbon from agricultural and commercial waste material are reviewed. In addition, we also discuss various activation treatments using a comparative approach. The data are organised in tabulated form for ease of comparative study. A review of numerous characterisation techniques is also provided. The effect of time and temperature, activation conditions, carbonisation conditions and impregnation ratios are explained and several physical and chemical activation treatments of raw materials and their impact on the micro- and mesoporous volumes and surface area are discussed. Lastly, a review of adsorption mechanisms of activated carbon (AC) is also provided.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterisation of Pyridinium-Based Ionic Liquid as Activating Agent in Rubber Seed Shell Activated Carbon Production for CO2 Capture

2021 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-95
Author(s):  
Nawwarah Mokti ◽  
Azry Borhan ◽  
Siti Nur Azella Zaine ◽  
Hayyiratul Fatimah Mohd Zaid
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Co2 Capture ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Green Technology ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
Rubber Seed ◽  
Activating Agent

The use of an activating agent in chemical activation of activated carbon (AC) production is very important as it will help to open the pore structure of AC as adsorbents and could enhance its performance for adsorption capacity. In this study, a pyridinium-based ionic liquid (IL), 1-butylpyridinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide, [C4Py][Tf2N] has been synthesized by using anion exchange reaction and was characterized using few analyses such as 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and FTIR. Low-cost AC was synthesized by chemical activation process in which rubber seed shell (RSS) and ionic liquid [C4Py][Tf2N] were employed as the precursor and activating agent, respectively. AC has been prepared with different IL concentration (1% and 10%) at 500°C and 800°C for 2 hours. Sample AC2 shows the highest SBET and VT which are 392.8927 m2/g and 0.2059 cm3/g respectively. The surface morphology of synthesized AC can be clearly seen through FESEM analysis. A high concentration of IL in sample AC10 contributed to blockage of pores by the IL. On the other hand, the performance of synthesized AC for CO2 adsorption capacity also studied by using static volumetric technique at 1 bar and 25°C. Sample AC2 contributed the highest CO2 uptakes which is 50.783 cm3/g. This current work shows that the use of low concentration IL as an activating agent has the potential to produce porous AC, which offers low-cost, green technology as well as promising application towards CO2 capture.

Optimization study on preparation of amine functionalized sea mango (cerbera odollam) activated carbon for Carbon Dioxide (CO2) adsorption

2018 ◽  
Vol 190 (7) ◽  
pp. 1259-1282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umi Fazara Md Ali ◽  
Nur Hidayah Azmi ◽  
Khairuddin Md Isa ◽  
Mohamed Kheireddine Aroua ◽  
Tan Ru Shien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Co2 Adsorption ◽  
Amine Functionalized ◽  
Optimization Study ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

scholarly journals Activation of Rubber-Seed Shell Waste by Malic Acid as Potential CO2 Removal: Isotherm and Kinetics Studies

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 4970
Author(s):  
Azry Borhan ◽  
Suzana Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
Malic Acid ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Physical Adsorption ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Co2 Removal ◽  
Rubber Seed ◽  
First Order ◽  
Pseudo First Order ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Carbon dioxide (CO2) has been deemed a significant contributor to the climate crisis and has an impact on environmental systems. Adsorption is widely used among other technologies for carbon capture because of its many benefits. As a starting material for the production of activated carbon (AC) by chemical activation using malic acid due to its biodegradable and non-toxic properties, rubber seed shell (RSS) was used as agricultural waste from rubber farming. Sample A6, which was carbonized for 120 min at a temperature of 600 °C and impregnated at a ratio of 1:2, was identified to achieve the highest surface area of 938.61 m2/g with micropore diameter of 1.368 nm, respectively. Using the fixed volumetric approach measured at 25, 50, and 100 °C, the maximum CO2 adsorption capability reported is 59.73 cm3/g of adsorbent. Using the pseudo-first order of Lagergren, the pseudo-second order and the Elovich model, experimental data is modeled. It appears that, based on the correlation coefficient, the pseudo-first order model is aligned with the experimental findings. Furthermore, the activation energy of under 40 kJ/mol indicated a physical adsorption occurs, indicating that the RSS chemically activated with malic acid is a fascinating source of CO2 removal requirements.

Comparative Study of Basic, Acid and Reactive Dyes Adsorption onto Rubber Seed-Coated Activated Carbon

2015 ◽  
Vol 802 ◽  
pp. 425-430
Author(s):  
Muhd Nazmi Ismail ◽  
Hamidi Abdul Aziz ◽  
Mohd Azmier Ahmad ◽  
Nik Athirah Yusoff
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Reactive Dyes ◽  
Batch Process ◽  
Adsorption Models ◽  
Rubber Seed ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Dyes Adsorption

In this present study, rubber seed-coated activated carbon (RSCAC) was used as a natural adsorbent to remove basic (MB), acid (MR) and reactive (RBV) dyes using batch process. Each dye in the adsorption process was tested at different initial concentration from 50-500 mg/l. Different dyes showed different percentage removals. The highest removal was recorded by MB which was up to 99.9 %. The experimental data was analyzed with Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models. The data fitted well with Langmuir. The adsorption capacity were 332.99, 210.33 and 155.37 mg/g for MB, MR and RBV, respectively.

scholarly journals Comparison of Surface and Structural Properties of Carbonaceous Materials Prepared by Chemical Activation of Tomato Paste Waste: The Effects of Activator Type and Impregnation Ratio

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurgul Ozbay ◽  
Adife Seyda Yargic
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Point Of Zero Charge ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Tomato Paste

Activated carbons were prepared by carbonization of tomato paste processing industry waste at 500°C followed by chemical activation with KOH, K2CO3, and HCl in N2 atmosphere at low temperature (500°C). The effects of different activating agents and impregnation ratios (25, 50, and 100 wt.%) on the materials’ characteristics were examined. Precursor, carbonized tomato waste (CTW), and activated carbons were characterized by using ultimate and proximate analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TG/DTG), Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy, point of zero charge measurements (pHPZC), particle size analyzer, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Activation process improved pore formation and changed activated carbons’ surface characteristics. Activated carbon with the highest surface area (283 m3/g) was prepared by using 50 wt.% KOH as an activator. According to the experimental results, tomato paste waste could be used as an alternative precursor to produce low-cost activated carbon.

scholarly journals Clarification of Reprocessed Syrup and Use in the Formulation of Lollipop-Type Hard Candies

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 6846-6864
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Sucrose Solution ◽  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
Adsorptive Capacity ◽  
Suitable Model ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Visual Evaluation ◽  
Freundlich Isotherms ◽  
Langmuir And Freundlich Isotherms

The objective was to evaluate the removal of dye using activated carbon, and apply the best condition in the removal of candy reprocessing syrup pigment, as well as to evaluate its influence in the visual aspect of a lollipop. Adsorption capacity tests were performed with the dye diluted with and without sucrose, and from the data, the linearization of the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were calculated. The lollipop was prepared with syrup treated with activated carbon and visually evaluated using a panel of untrained tasters. The Freundlich isotherm adjusted more appropriately to the experimental data of the adsorption of the dye diluted in distilled water, while for the dye diluted in sucrose solution, the most suitable model was Langmuir's. The experimental design condition showed the highest adsorptive capacity (26.91 mg.g-1) for the dye diluted in the aqueous solution was at a temperature of 60 ºC and pH 5.5, while for the sucrose-diluted dye solution, was 103.09 mg.g-1, under the same conditions. The visual evaluation of the lollipop indicated the possibility of adding up to 15% of reprocessing syrup. Thus, the use of activated carbon is an alternative to remove the coloring from candy syrup and enable its reuse within the industry.

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