Study on the Effects of Biogas Slurry Application on Soil Phosphate and Catalase Activity

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 3625-3629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi Hua Pu ◽  
Ping Huang ◽  
Wen Liu ◽  
Song Quan Yang
Keyword(s):  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Catalase Activity ◽  
Soil Enzymes ◽  
Soil Improvement ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Biogas Slurry ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
The Relationship

To discuss the relationship between the effect on soil improvement, soil phosphatase activity and catalase activity by applying biogas slurry, the soil was applied on biogas slurry and pig manure respectively which was from demonstration base of ecological mulberry field at Rongchang, the soil enzymes and nutrients factor were determined and analyzed at different times. The results show that biogas slurry and pig manure can increase the content of soil organic matter, TN, TP, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium, and improve the activity of soil enzymes. It can significantly improve the activity of acid phosphatase by applying biogas slurry, and have certain effect on alkaline and neutral phosphatase activity; it can effectively improve the soil catalase activity for long-term using.

scholarly journals Effects of Long-Term Enclosing on Vertical Distributions of Soil Physical Properties and Nutrient Stocks in Grassland of Inner Mongolia

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1832
Author(s):  
Juan Hu ◽  
Daowei Zhou ◽  
Qiang Li ◽  
Qicun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Green Plants ◽  
Nutrient Stocks ◽  
Vertical Distributions

Enclosing plays a crucial role in vegetation and soil quality in grassland. The biomass of green plants, litter, and vertical distributions of soil physical properties and nutrient stocks were evaluated at plot enclosed long term for 38 years inside a fence and a long-term grazing plot outside a fence in a semi-arid grassland of Inner Mongolia. The results showed that dry matter of green plants and litter during the 38-year enclosing treatment was higher than in the grazing treatment (p < 0.01). The soil silt (2–50 μm) in the 38-year enclosing treatment was 5.9% higher than in the grazing treatment (p < 0.01) in 0–10 cm soil, and the fine sand (100–250 μm) was 6.0% lower (p < 0.05). The 38-year enclosing treatment slightly decreased the bulk density and significantly decreased the electrical conductivity in each soil layer (0–100 cm). The 38-year enclosing treatment significantly increased the stocks of soil organic carbon (SOC), available phosphorus (AP), and available potassium (AK) on the surface soil, and obviously decreased the stocks of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), and available nitrogen (AN) in each soil layer (0–100 cm). In conclusion, long-term enclosing improved grassland production, but decreased most nutrient stocks in soil.

scholarly journals Long-term effects of fertilizer and manure application on soil quality and sustainability of jute-rice-wheat production system in Indo-Gangetic plain

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1793-1800 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. K. Kundu ◽  
S. P. Mazumdar ◽  
D. Ghosh ◽  
A. R. Saha ◽  
B. Majumdar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Npk Fertilizers ◽  
Gangetic Plain ◽  
Organic C

A long-term fertilizer experiment was initiated in 1971 in sandy loam soil (Eutrochrept) of Barrackpore, West Bengal to study the effects of applying organic and inorganic sources of nutrients on yield of jute-rice-wheat system and soil health. The unfertilized soil supported yields of 0.8 t ha-1 of jute fibre, 1.5 t ha-1 of rice grain and 0.7 t ha-1 of wheat grain (average yield of 42 years). Application of 150% recommended NPK through chemical fertilizers produced maximum yields of jute (2.1 t ha-1), rice (3.8 t ha-1) and wheat (2.8 t ha-1). The yields obtained with 150% NPK fertilizers were 5%, 2.7% and 12% higher than that with 100% NPK fertilizers +FYM. Combined application of 100% NPK fertilizers and FYM, however, increased soil organic carbon, available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium from 5.60 to 8.90 g kg-1, 270 to 316 kg ha-1, 40.7 to 120 kg ha-1 and 139 to 236 kg ha-1 respectively. Maximum DTPA-extractable micronutrients in soil were also observed with 100%NPK fertilizers+FYM. Applying FYM together with NPK fertilizers increased microbial biomass from 221 to 435 mg kg-1 and microbial quotient from 3.95 to 4.89 with concomitant increase in dehydrogenase, phosphatase and fluorescein-diacetate-hydrolyzing activities in the soil. The acid phosphatase activity (139 to 275 μg PNPg-1 h-1) was much lower than alkaline phosphatase activity  (479 to 616 μg PNPg-1 h-1). The enzymes assayed showed significant correlation with microbial-C and organic C. Beneficial effects of integrated nutrient management (NPK+FYM) on soil health were reflected on the yields of all the crops.

scholarly journals The Response of Soil Nutrients and Microbial Community Structures in Long-Term Tea Plantations and Diverse Agroforestry Intercropping Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7799
Author(s):  
Guolin Zhang ◽  
Xingbiao Chu ◽  
Hanyang Zhu ◽  
Dongsheng Zou ◽  
Longcheng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Soil Nutrients ◽  
Nutrient Dynamics ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Community Structures ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Microbial Community Structures ◽  
Tea Plantations

During tea cultivation, diverse agroforestry is an important and established intercropping measure, with most studies concentrating on ecological service provision and economic returns. However, the response of soil nutrients and microbial community structures in long-term tea plantations with diverse agroforestry intercropping systems is poorly understood. In the present field study (2015), three intercropping agroforestry-tea patterns (Osmanthus-Tea (OT), Michelia-Tea (MT), Osmanthus-Michelia-Tea (OMT)) along with a study control (C) were examined in terms of these two knowledge gaps. Results showed that, in terms of tea cultivation, the OMT system is more suitable than the OT and MT systems. The OMT system significantly increased the total nitrogen (TN, 16.4%), total potassium (TK, 10.5%), available nitrogen (AN, 14.2%), available phosphorus (AP, 26.7%) and soil organic matter (SOM, 28.9%). The OMT system increased phylum Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes abundance by 35.8% and 9.6%. In addition, the OMT system enhanced the abundance of class Bacteroidia (99.5%), Erysipelotrichia (96.9%), Clostridia (93.5%) and Actinobacteria (19.6%), respectively. In general, the phylum bacteria Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria accounted for the largest proportion of bacteria in all three intercropping systems. In this study, the abundance of Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes were positively correlated with AN, SOM and TP. The results of the present study will help to develop a better understanding of the benefits imposed by different agroforestry intercropping systems on nutrient dynamics and microbial structural diversity during tea cultivation.

scholarly journals Responses of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Diversity and Community to 41-Year Rotation Fertilization in Brown Soil Region of Northeast China

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiyu Zhang ◽  
Peiyu Luo ◽  
Jinfeng Yang ◽  
Muhammad Irfan ◽  
Jian Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Brown Soil ◽  
Amf Diversity

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play vital roles in the growth and development of plants, ecosystem sustainability, and stability in agroecosystem, such as transporting nutrients to host plants, improving soil physical structure, and enhancing the stress resistance of host plants. However, the effects of fertilization on AMF diversity and community in brown soil areas are still unclear. The purpose of this study is to explore changes in AMF diversity and community structures and finding out the factors that influenced the changes after 41 years of fertilization in brown soil. Samples were collected from five treatments of the long-term fertilization experiment in June 2019, including CK (no fertilizer), N (mineral nitrogen fertilizer), NP (mineral nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer), M (pig manure), and MNP (pig manure, mineral nitrogen, and phosphate fertilizer). Illumina HiSeq sequencing was used to determine AMF diversity and community structure. The relationship between AMF communities in soil and roots and environmental factors was analyzed by redundancy analysis. The results showed that the soil nutrient content of manure treatments was generally higher than that of chemical fertilizer treatments and no fertilizer treatment. Long-term fertilization increased AMF spore density, which increased with the increase of soil fertility. The moderate content of soil available phosphorus was beneficial to the colonization of AMF. AMF diversity in soil decreased with soil fertility, but AMF diversity in roots was influenced only by soil nitrate–nitrogen and pH. Glomus was the dominant genus in both soil and root samples. AMF community structure in soil and roots had a different response to long-term fertilization. Application of manure had a greater impact on AMF community structure in soil, whereas application of exogenous phosphate fertilizer had a greater impact on that in roots. Soil ammonium nitrogen, nitrate–nitrogen, total nitrogen, organic carbon, total potassium, and available potassium were the most important factors that influenced taxa of AMF in soil, whereas soil ammonium nitrogen, nitrate–nitrogen, total nitrogen, organic carbon, total potassium, available potassium, available phosphorus, and plant phosphorus and potassium content were the most important factors influencing taxa of AMF in maize roots under long-term fertilization in brown soil.

scholarly journals Effects of Biogas Slurry Combined With Chemical Fertilizer on Soil Bacterial and Fungal Community Composition in a Paddy Field

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanlin Zhang ◽  
Shuangxi Li ◽  
Xianqing Zheng ◽  
Juanqin Zhang ◽  
Naling Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Biogas Slurry ◽  
Fungal Community Composition ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Bacterial Community Diversity

The application of biogas slurry and chemical fertilizer in paddy fields can be a practical method to reduce the environmental risk and utilize the nutrients of biogas slurry. The responses of bacterial and fungal communities to the application of biogas slurry and chemical fertilizer are important reflections of the quality of the ecological environment. In this study, based on a 3-year field experiment with different ratios of biogas slurry and chemical fertilizer (applying the same pure nitrogen amount), the Illumina MiSeq platform was used to investigate the bacterial and fungal community diversity and composition in paddy soil. Our results revealed that compared with the observations under regular chemical fertilization, on the basis of stable paddy yield, the application of biogas slurry combined with chemical fertilizer significantly enhanced the soil nutrient availability and bacterial community diversity and reduced the fungal community diversity. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC), DOC/SOC (soil organic carbon), available nitrogen (AN) and available phosphorus (AP) were positively correlated with the bacterial community diversity, but no soil property was significantly associated with the fungal community. The bacterial community was primarily driven by the application of biogas slurry combined with chemical fertilizer (40.78%), while the fungal community was almost equally affected by the addition of pure biogas slurry, chemical fertilizer and biogas slurry combined with chemical fertilizer (25.65–28.72%). Biogas slurry combined with chemical fertilizer significantly enriched Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Planctomycetes, Rokubacteria, and Ascomycota and depleted Chloroflexi, Bacteroidetes, Crenarchaeota, Basidiomycota, and Glomeromycota. The observation of the alteration of some bacteria- and fungus-specific taxa provides insights for the proper application of biogas slurry combined with chemical fertilizer, which has the potential to promote crop growth and inhibit pathogens.

scholarly journals Vertical Distributions of Soil Nutrients and Their Stoichiometric Ratios as Affected by Long Term Grazing and Enclosing in a Semi-Arid Grassland of Inner Mongolia

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 382
Author(s):  
Juan Hu ◽  
Daowei Zhou ◽  
Qiang Li ◽  
Qicun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Nutrients ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Vertical Distributions ◽  
Stoichiometric Ratios ◽  
Semi Arid

Grazing and enclosing are two of the most important grassland managements. In order to evaluate the effects of different managements on the ecosystem balance of grassland, the vertical distributions of soil nutrients and their stoichiometric ratios were determined in the plots of grazing and enclosing over 38 years in a semi-arid grassland of Inner Mongolia. The results showed that total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), available nitrogen (AN), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and sulfur (S) contents in 0–100 cm soil in the long term enclosing plot were lower than the long term grazing plot and these changes were much greater in the surface soil than in deep soil. However, the soil organic carbon (SOC) and available phosphorus (AP) contents in the long term enclosing plot in the surface soil were higher (p < 0.01) compared with the long term grazing plot. In addition, long term enclosing increased the C/N ratio in each soil layer and improved C/K and C/P ratios in the surface soil compared with long term grazing. However, significant decreases of N/P and N/K ratios in the long term enclosing plot in each soil layer were observed. In conclusion, enclosing for 38 years decreased most of nutrients and reduced the nutrients’ mineralization in the surface soil especially and thus might restrict nutrients cycling in a semi-arid grassland of Inner Mongolia.

Multi-Center Calibration of the Second Reference Material for Thromboplastin, Rabbit, Plain, Coded CRM 149R

1991 ◽  
Vol 65 (03) ◽  
pp. 263-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
A M H P van den Besselaar ◽  
R M Bertina
Keyword(s):  
Reference Material ◽  
Standard Error ◽  
Standard Errors ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Significant Bias ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
International Sensitivity Index

SummaryIn a collaborative trial of eleven laboratories which was performed mainly within the framework of the European Community Bureau of Reference (BCR), a second reference material for thromboplastin, rabbit, plain, was calibrated against its predecessor RBT/79. This second reference material (coded CRM 149R) has a mean International Sensitivity Index (ISI) of 1.343 with a standard error of the mean of 0.035. The standard error of the ISI was determined by combination of the standard errors of the ISI of RBT/79 and the slope of the calibration line in this trial.The BCR reference material for thromboplastin, human, plain (coded BCT/099) was also included in this trial for assessment of the long-term stability of the relationship with RBT/79. The results indicated that this relationship has not changed over a period of 8 years. The interlaboratory variation of the slope of the relationship between CRM 149R and RBT/79 was significantly lower than the variation of the slope of the relationship between BCT/099 and RBT/79. In addition to the manual technique, a semi-automatic coagulometer according to Schnitger & Gross was used to determine prothrombin times with CRM 149R. The mean ISI of CRM 149R was not affected by replacement of the manual technique by this particular coagulometer.Two lyophilized plasmas were included in this trial. The mean slope of relationship between RBT/79 and CRM 149R based on the two lyophilized plasmas was the same as the corresponding slope based on fresh plasmas. Tlowever, the mean slope of relationship between RBT/79 and BCT/099 based on the two lyophilized plasmas was 4.9% higher than the mean slope based on fresh plasmas. Thus, the use of these lyophilized plasmas induced a small but significant bias in the slope of relationship between these thromboplastins of different species.

Risk Attitude and Corporate Investment under Output Market Uncertainty: Evidence from The Mekong River Delta, Vietnam

2016 ◽  
pp. 59-70
Author(s):  
Ninh Le Khuong ◽  
Nghiem Le Tan ◽  
Tho Huynh Huu
Keyword(s):  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Risk Attitude ◽  
Business Strategies ◽  
Risk Averse ◽  
Market Uncertainty ◽  
Firm Investment ◽  
Output Market ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This paper aims to detect the impact of firm managers’ risk attitude on the relationship between the degree of output market uncertainty and firm investment. The findings show that there is a negative relationship between these two aspects for risk-averse managers while there is a positive relationship for risk-loving ones, since they have different utility functions. Based on the findings, this paper proposes recommendations for firm managers to take into account when making investment decisions and long-term business strategies as well.

Financial Folly and Spain’s Black Legend

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio Drelichman ◽  
Hans-Joachim Voth
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Military Power ◽  
Great Flexibility ◽  
Loan Contracts ◽  
Historical Tradition ◽  
Black Legend ◽  
Contractual Obligations ◽  
The Relationship

This epilogue argues that Castile was solvent throughout Philip II's reign. A complex web of contractual obligations designed to ensure repayment governed the relationship between the king and his bankers. The same contracts allowed great flexibility for both the Crown and bankers when liquidity was tight. The risk of potential defaults was not a surprise; their likelihood was priced into the loan contracts. As a consequence, virtually every banking family turned a profit over the long term, while the king benefited from their services to run the largest empire that had yet existed. The epilogue then looks at the economic history version of Spain's Black Legend. The economic history version of the Black Legend emerged from a combination of two narratives: a rich historical tradition analyzing the decline of Spain as an economic and military power from the seventeenth century onward, combined with new institutional analysis highlighting the unconstrained power of the monarch.

Effects of Long Term Application of Organic and Mineral Fertilizers on Soil Enzymes

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 2608-1612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Dora Samuel ◽  
Simona Bungau ◽  
Delia Mirela Tit ◽  
Carmen Elena Melinte (Frunzulica) ◽  
Lavinia Purza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Soil Enzymes ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Enzymatic Activities ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Soil Biology ◽  
Soil Biological Activity ◽  
Organic And Mineral Fertilizers

Long term productivity and conservation of soils is critical for sustaining agricultural ecosystems. The specific objective of the work reported was to determine the effects of long term application of organic and mineral fertilizers on soil enzyme activity as an index of soil biology and biochemistry. Three key soil enzymes involved in intracellular metabolism of microorganisms and two soil enzymes involved in phosphorus metabolism were selected. Actual and potential dehydrogenase, catalase, acid and alkaline phosphatase activities were determined in the 0-20 cm layer of an eroded soil submitted to a complex fertilization experiment. Results showed that addition of mineral fertilizers to organic (green manure and farmyard manure) fertilizers led to a significant increase in each activity because of increased plant biomass production which upon incorporation stimulates soil biological activity. The enzymatic indicators of soil quality calculated from the values of enzymatic activities depending on the kind of fertilizers showed that by the determination of enzymatic activities valuable information can be obtained regarding fertility status of soils. A weak positive correlation between enzymatic indicators of soil quality and maize yield was established. The yield data demonstrate the superiority of farmyard manure which provided greater stability in crop production. Substantial improvement in soil biological activity due to application of organic fertilizers with mineral fertilizers contribute in maintaining the productivity and soil health.

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