Investigation on Thermal Environment in Railway Station Waiting Room

Takes a field measurement in traffic statistics, indoor and outdoor temperature and humidity, analyzes the thermal environment of the railway station waiting room of Xi’an. Investigates the thermal comfort status using ASHRAE seven sensation scales by questionnaires, survey the people’s satisfaction to the environment of waiting room.

Analysis of the influence of cooling jets on the wind and thermal environment in football stadiums in hot climates

Building Services Engineering Research and Technology ◽

10.1177/0143624419894803 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 41 (5) ◽

pp. 561-585 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Fangliang Zhong ◽

John K Calautit ◽

Ben R Hughes

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Thermal Comfort ◽

Air Conditioning ◽

Thermal Environment ◽

Thermal Conditions ◽

Optimized Design ◽

Outdoor Temperature ◽

World Cup ◽

Wind Environment ◽

The Spectator

After winning the bid of the FIFA’s World Cup 2022, Qatar is facing the greatest challenges in terms of minimizing substantial energy consumptions for air-conditioning of stadiums and maintaining aero-thermal comfort for both players and spectators inside stadiums. This paper presents the results of temperature distributions and wind environment of the original stadium under the hot-humid climate and improvements on them for optimized scenarios of cooling jets. A combined computational fluid dynamics and building energy simulation approach was used to analyse the cooling performance and energy consumption per match of cooling air jets for 10 scenarios with different supply velocities, supply temperatures and locations of jets. The optimal scenario is to employ vertical jets above the upper tiers at supply temperature of 20°C and velocities of 2–12 m/s, integrated with horizontal jets of the same temperature at the lower tiers with 4 m/s and around the pitch with 7 m/s. This scenario can maintain the spectator tiers at an average temperature of 22°C and reduce the maximum predicted percentage of dissatisfied of thermal comfort from the original 100% to 63% for the pitch and 19% for the tiers, respectively. In terms of the energy consumption for the air-conditioning system per match, compared with one of the 2010 South Africa World Cup stadiums Royal Bafokeng stadium which consumed approximately 22.8 MWh energy for air-conditioning in winter (highest outdoor temperature 24.4°C), the maximum energy consumption of the optimal scenario in November (highest outdoor temperature 34.2°C) can reach 108 MWh. In addition, the spectator zones with scenario 8 have the potential to be resilient to the seasonal change of outdoor temperature if slight modifications of the supply velocities and precise temperature control on the spectator zones are applied. Moreover, the configurations presented in this paper can be used as a foundation of jets arrangement for future stadium retrofits in the hot climates. Practical application: This study assesses the aero-thermal conditions of a case study stadium under the hot climate of Qatar and explores the potential of applying cooling jets with different supply velocities, supply temperatures and their locations on the enhancement of both thermal and wind environment of spectator tiers and pitch. The assessment of the original stadium indicates that the ascending curved roof structure impedes the fresh air entering into the stadium and results in an asymmetric temperature distribution on the spectator tiers. The optimized design suggests a combination of vertical jets under the roof and both three arrays of horizontal jets at lower tiers and around pitch for future stadium optimizations in hot climates. It also recommends enhancing the thermal conditions on the pitch by optimizing the velocity of horizontal jets around the pitch. Moreover, the future design of the exact stadiums to be resilient to the seasonal changing outdoor temperature can be implemented based on scenario 8.

Preliminary evaluation of indoor thermal comfort in Malaysia heritage mosque

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/201927702016 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 277 ◽

pp. 02016

Author(s):

W F M Yusoff ◽

N H Ja'afar

Keyword(s):

Thermal Comfort ◽

Indoor Air ◽

Field Measurement ◽

Architectural Design ◽

Preliminary Evaluation ◽

Adaptive Model ◽

Indoor Thermal Comfort ◽

Air Temperatures ◽

Heritage Buildings ◽

Malaysia heritage buildings are the country's architectural gems. Among them is the religious building such as mosque. The Malaysia heritage mosque is normally built in response to the local culture and environment. Unlike most of Malaysia modern mosques where air conditioning is opted as ventilation mode, the heritage mosques achieve indoor thermal comfort via the passive architectural design. Due to that, this study was executed with the purpose of investigating the indoor thermal comfort of a Malaysia heritage mosque located at traditional street in Melaka, namely Masjid Tanah. The methodology used in the study was field measurement, in which the parameters measured were the indoor and outdoor air temperatures. The field measurement was conducted for two days in the end of March and early of April 2018, from 9 am to 4 pm. The indoor predicted comfort temperature was derived using the adaptive model. The findings indicated that the measured indoor air temperatures were lower than the indoor predicted comfort temperatures at most of the time. Therefore, it shows that the passive architectural design adopted by the Malaysia heritage mosque, which is Masjid Tanah, is able to provide indoor thermal comfort to the users.

Correlating indoor and outdoor temperature and humidity in a sample of buildings in tropical climates

Indoor Air ◽

10.1111/ina.12876 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jin Pan ◽

Julian Tang ◽

Miguela Caniza ◽

Jean‐Michel Heraud ◽

Evelyn Koay ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Outdoor Temperature ◽

Tropical Climates ◽

The relationship between indoor and outdoor temperature and humidity in two types of residence

Journal of Odor and Indoor Environment ◽

10.15250/joie.2014.13.4.326 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 326-335 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jiseon Yeom ◽

◽

Daeyeop Lee ◽

Kiyoung Lee ◽

John D. Spengler ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Outdoor Temperature ◽

The Relationship ◽

Environment in poultry production covered with thermal and aluminum roofing tiles

Engenharia Agrícola ◽

10.1590/1809-4430-eng.agric.v35n2p206-214/2015 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 206-214

Author(s):

FERNANDO G. DE OLIVEIRA ◽

WANESSA M. GODOI ◽

ROBERTA PASSINI

Keyword(s):

Thermal Comfort ◽

Thermal Environment ◽

Radiant Heat ◽

Poultry Production ◽

Thermal Indices ◽

Significance Level ◽

Humidity Index ◽

The Difference ◽

Globe Temperature

Brazil is a country of tropical climate, a fact that hinders the poultry production in the aspect of thermal comfort. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the thermal environment in commercial poultry houses with different covers during the months of December 2012 to May 2013, in the municipality of Rio Verde, Goiás. The experimental design was completely randomized in split plots with factorial arrangement of treatments 2x3, being two shed models (thermal and aluminum roof tiles) and three sections within each shed (initial, central and final) for 182 days, having the days as replicates. The thermal environment was assessed through thermal comfort indices: Temperature and Humidity Index, Black Globe Temperature and Humidity Index, Radiant Heat Load and Enthalpy. The data was analyzed by SISVAR 5.1., through the analysis of variance, the Scott Knott test used to compare the means, considering a significance level of 1%. The results showed a significant statistical difference between the sheds and the points assessed (P < 0.05). The thermal shed had the lowest values for the environmental variables (Dbt and Bgt) and thermal indices studied, but larger values for the RH compared to the shed with aluminum covering. The use of thermal covers minimizes the difference in temperature range throughout various times of the day, being at 14:00 o'clock the prominence time to others.

On the Spatial Patterns of Urban Thermal Conditions Using Indoor and Outdoor Temperatures

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs13040640 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 640

Author(s):

Sadroddin Alavipanah ◽

Dagmar Haase ◽

Mohsen Makki ◽

Mir Muhammad Nizamani ◽

Salman Qureshi

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Temperature Data ◽

Cold Spot ◽

Temperature Pattern ◽

Outdoor Temperature ◽

Residential Units ◽

Urban Settlements ◽

The Impact ◽

The changing climate has introduced new and unique challenges and threats to humans and their environment. Urban dwellers in particular have suffered from increased levels of heat stress, and the situation is predicted to continue to worsen in the future. Attention toward urban climate change adaptation has increased more than ever before, but previous studies have focused on indoor and outdoor temperature patterns separately. The objective of this research is to assess the indoor and outdoor temperature patterns of different urban settlements. Remote sensing data, together with air temperature data collected with temperature data loggers, were used to analyze land surface temperature (outdoor temperature) and air temperature (indoor temperature). A hot and cold spot analysis was performed to identify the statistically significant clusters of high and low temperature data. The results showed a distinct temperature pattern across different residential units. Districts with dense urban settlements show a warmer outdoor temperature than do more sparsely developed districts. Dense urban settlements show cooler indoor temperatures during the day and night, while newly built districts show cooler outdoor temperatures during the warm season. Understanding indoor and outdoor temperature patterns simultaneously could help to better identify districts that are vulnerable to heat stress in each city. Recognizing vulnerable districts could minimize the impact of heat stress on inhabitants.

Evaluating the Connection between Thermal Comfort and Productivity in Buildings: A Systematic Literature Review

Buildings ◽

10.3390/buildings11060244 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 244

Author(s):

Ana Maria Bueno ◽

Antonio Augusto de Paula Xavier ◽

Evandro Eduardo Broday

Keyword(s):

Literature Review ◽

Thermal Comfort ◽

Systematic Literature Review ◽

Thermal Environment ◽

Final Analysis ◽

Personal Factors ◽

Exclusion Criteria ◽

Environment Variables ◽

Main Factors ◽

Combination Of Methods

The thermal environment is one of the main factors that influence thermal comfort and, consequently, the productivity of occupants inside buildings. Throughout the years, research has described the connection between thermal comfort and productivity. Mathematical models have been established in the attempt to predict changes in productivity according to thermal variations in the environment. Some of these models have failed for a number of reasons, including the understanding of the effect that several environment variables have had on performance. From this context, a systematic literature review was carried out with the aim of verifying the connection between thermal comfort and productivity and the combinations of different thermal and personal factors that can have an effect on productivity. A hundred and twenty-eight articles were found which show a connection between productivity and some thermal comfort variables. By means of specific inclusion and exclusion criteria, 60 articles were selected for a final analysis. The main conclusions found in this study were: (i) the vast majority of research uses subjective measures and/or a combination of methods to evaluate productivity; (ii) performance/productivity can be attained within an ampler temperature range; (iii) few studies present ways of calculating productivity.

Development of a Deep Neural Network Model for Estimating Joint Location of Occupant Indoor Activities for Providing Thermal Comfort

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14030696 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 696

Author(s):

Eun Ji Choi ◽

Jin Woo Moon ◽

Ji-hoon Han ◽

Yongseok Yoo

Keyword(s):

Neural Network ◽

Thermal Comfort ◽

Deep Neural Network ◽

Mean Squared Error ◽

Thermal Environment ◽

The Body ◽

Estimation Accuracy ◽

Accurate Estimation ◽

Body Parts ◽

Joint Location

The type of occupant activities is a significantly important factor to determine indoor thermal comfort; thus, an accurate method to estimate occupant activity needs to be developed. The purpose of this study was to develop a deep neural network (DNN) model for estimating the joint location of diverse human activities, which will be used to provide a comfortable thermal environment. The DNN model was trained with images to estimate 14 joints of a person performing 10 common indoor activities. The DNN contained numerous shortcut connections for efficient training and had two stages of sequential and parallel layers for accurate joint localization. Estimation accuracy was quantified using the mean squared error (MSE) for the estimated joints and the percentage of correct parts (PCP) for the body parts. The results show that the joint MSEs for the head and neck were lowest, and the PCP was highest for the torso. The PCP for individual activities ranged from 0.71 to 0.92, while typing and standing in a relaxed manner were the activities with the highest PCP. Estimation accuracy was higher for relatively still activities and lower for activities involving wide-ranging arm or leg motion. This study thus highlights the potential for the accurate estimation of occupant indoor activities by proposing a novel DNN model. This approach holds significant promise for finding the actual type of occupant activities and for use in target indoor applications related to thermal comfort in buildings.

How Can We Adapt Thermal Comfort for Disabled Patients? A Case Study of French Healthcare Buildings in Summer

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14154530 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (15) ◽

pp. 4530

Author(s):

Youcef Bouzidi ◽

Zoubayre El Akili ◽

Antoine Gademer ◽

Nacef Tazi ◽

Adil Chahboun

Keyword(s):

Thermal Comfort ◽

Thermal Environment ◽

Residential Buildings ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Environmental Parameters ◽

Physical Parameters ◽

Mean Radiant Temperature ◽

Operative Temperature ◽

Neutral Temperature ◽

Radiant Temperature

This paper investigates adaptive thermal comfort during summer in medical residences that are located in the French city of Troyes and managed by the Association of Parents of Disabled Children (APEI). Thermal comfort in these buildings is evaluated using subjective measurements and objective physical parameters. The thermal sensations of respondents were determined by questionnaires, while thermal comfort was estimated using the predicted mean vote (PMV) model. Indoor environmental parameters (relative humidity, mean radiant temperature, air temperature, and air velocity) were measured using a thermal environment sensor during the summer period in July and August 2018. A good correlation was found between operative temperature, mean radiant temperature, and PMV. The neutral temperature was determined by linear regression analysis of the operative temperature and Fanger’s PMV model. The obtained neutral temperature is 23.7 °C. Based on the datasets and questionnaires, the adaptive coefficient α representing patients’ capacity to adapt to heat was found to be 1.261. A strong correlation was also observed between the sequential thermal index n(t) and the adaptive temperature. Finally, a new empirical model of adaptive temperature was developed using the data collected from a longitudinal survey in four residential buildings of APEI in summer, and the obtained adaptive temperature is 25.0 °C with upper and lower limits of 24.7 °C and 25.4 °C.