Plant Biomass Used for Green Concrete: A Review of Treatment Methods

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariann Chaussy ◽  
Morgan Chabannes ◽  
Arnaud Day ◽  
David Bulteel ◽  
Frederic Becquart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
Hydrophilic Character ◽  
Extraction Processes ◽  
Specific Fraction ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
By Products

Human activities require a growing need for raw materials. In order to contribute to sustainable development, many business sectors are focusing on biomass valorization. Whether from dedicated crops or first industrial processing, it generates materials with high potential that can be used in many fields. Non-food uses mainly concern the energy, chemical, and construction sectors. Whatever the intended application, a pre-treatment stage is essential to clean the material and/or to access a specific fraction. An additional modification may occur in order to endow the material with a new function thanks to a process known as functionalization. Uses of plant fractions (aggregates) in combination with cement offer advantages like low-density materials with attractive thermophysical properties for building. However, their development is limited by the compatibility of crop by-products with hydraulic binders such as Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC). This includes delays in setting time and hydrophilic character of vegetal components and their interaction with an alkaline environment. The aggregate/cement interfaces can therefore be strongly affected. In addition, the diversity of crop by-products and mineral binders increases the level of complexity. In order to overcome these drawbacks, the treatment of plant fractions before their use with mineral binders may result in significant benefits. In this way, various treatments have been tested, but the methods used at an industrial scale remain relatively under-researched. The purpose of this review is therefore to highlight the mechanisms involved in each specific process, thus justifying the operating conditions specific to each. This bibliography study aims to highlight potential treatments that could apply to biomass before their mixing with cementitious binders. According to the objective, a distinction can be made between extraction processes as hydrothermal or solvent treatments, assisted or not, and structural modification processes as surface treatments, impregnation, or grafting.

scholarly journals Sludge Thermal Utilization, and the Circular Economy

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 157-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jurand D. Bień ◽  
Beata Bień
Keyword(s):  
Circular Economy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
High Water ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Potential Methods ◽  
By Products ◽  
Consumption Waste

Abstract In 2015, the European Commission has adopted an ambitious Circular Economy Action Plan (CEAP), which includes measures that would help stimulate Europe’s transition towards a circular economy. In general four key action areas have been defined: production, consumption, waste management and secondary raw materials. Actions will lead to the resource-efficient and environmentally friendly outcomes. Biological materials should be returned to the natural metabolic cycles after necessary pre-treatment while waste that can not be prevented or recycled is to be used for the energy recovery. Sewage sludge is a large-tonnage waste produced at wastewater treatments plants (WWTPs). Its utilization causes some problems. High water content in sludge, hazardous substances as heavy metals, organic toxins and pathogens limit some potential methods of sludge utilization. Thermal treatment methods offer a solution, some hazardous substances can be destroyed or removed, energy can be recovered and some nutrients can be obtained from ash or other by-products.

scholarly journals Prospects for the Disposal of By-Products from the Processing of Aquatic Biological Resources

2021 ◽  
Vol 320 ◽  
pp. 01006
Author(s):  
Svetlana Maksimova ◽  
Denis Poleshchuk ◽  
Svetlana Ponomarenko ◽  
Aleksandr Bashtovoy ◽  
Ekaterina Shadrina
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Chemical Waste ◽  
Biological Value ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
Biological Resources ◽  
Technological Potential ◽  
General Chemical ◽  
Aquaculture Facilities ◽  
By Products

The expediency of using waste generated during industrial processing of commercial aquatic biological resources is justified. By-products obtained as a result of cutting fish and non-fish objects represent a significant source of biologically valuable substances. The article provides information on the use of secondary raw materials for the production of feed products for farm animals, birds and aquaculture facilities for the production of biologically valuable products, biofuels. The paper presents an assessment of the technological potential of by-products formed during the processing of the most profitable commercial objects – crabs and salmon. Such bu-products include carapace of the cephalothorax, crab entrails, as well as the caviar film remaining during the punching of salmon fish hawks. The assessment of the total chemical composition of the waste from the cutting of the blue crab was carried out. The high biological value of the hepatopancreas and carapace crab proteins was revealed. The general chemical waste from punching of chum salmon hawks is given. The high biological value of these waste lipids was confirmed by evaluating their fatty acid composition. The possibility and necessity of using the studied waste for the production of biologically valuable products is experimentally justified.

scholarly journals Enzymatic hydrolysis of plant raw materials: state and prospects

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 502-512
Author(s):  
V. S. Boltovsky
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Plant raw materials are practically an inexhaustible natural resource, since they are constantly renewed in the process of plant photosynthesis, which determines the prospects for their use for industrial processing in various ways, including hydrolytic. The main biopolymer components of plant biomass in terms of their quantitative content are polysaccharides, the hydrolytic processing of which by acidic or enzymatic hydrolysis leads to the formation of monosaccharides and various products obtained from them. This review of scientific literature analyzes theoretical concepts and the current state of research on the development, improvement and prospects for the use of enzymatic hydrolysis of plant raw materials. The efficiency of this process and the composition of the resulting products largely depend on the features of the supramolecular structure of cellulose, the content of hemicelluloses and lignin in the raw material, the balance and activity of the cellulase complex of enzymes. It is shown that the main directions of development and improvement of the processes of enzymatic hydrolysis of plant raw materials at present are the production and use of more effective strains of microorganisms that produce highly active enzymes, the directed creation of complex enzymes (hydrolyzing not only cellulose, but also hemicellulose, as well as destroying lignin), the development of methods for pretreatment of raw materials to increase the reactivity of cellulose and remove lignin and improve the processes of fermentolysis.

scholarly journals Marine Gelatine from Rest Raw Materials

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Milovanovic ◽  
Maria Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Functional Properties ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Film Forming ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Polypeptide Chains ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
By Products ◽  
And Chemical Properties

In recent years, demand for consumption of marine foods, and especially fish, has substantially increased worldwide. The majority of collagen available is sourced from mammalian-derived products. Although fish derived gelatine is a viable alternative to mammalian sourced gelatine, there are some challenges related to the use of fish gelatine including odour, colour, gelling and film forming properties as well as consistency in gelatine amino acid composition. Chemicals used for pre-treatment, as well as extraction conditions such as temperature and time, can influence the length of polypeptide chains that result and the functional properties of the gelatine. Compared to mammalian sources, gelatines derived from fish show notable differences in physical and chemical properties, and great care should be paid to optimization of the production process in order to obtain a product with the best properties for intended applications. The focus of this review is to explore the feasibility of producing gelatine sourced from marine processing by-products using different pre-treatment and extraction strategies with the aim of improving the techno-functional properties of the final product and improving the clean-label status of gelatines. The bioactivities of gelatine hydrolysates are also discussed.

scholarly journals Possible application of brewer’s spent grain in biotechnology

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Pejin ◽  
Milos Radosavljevic ◽  
Olgica Grujic ◽  
Ljiljana Mojovic ◽  
Suncica Kocic-Tanackov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cellulose Hydrolysis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Charcoal Production ◽  
Spent Grain ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Beer Production ◽  
By Products

Brewer?s spent grain is the major by-product in beer production. It is produced in large quantities (20 kg per 100 liters of produced beer) throughout the year at a low cost or no cost, and due to its high protein and carbohydrates content it can be used as a raw material in biotechnology. Biotechnological processes based on renewable agro-industrial by-products have ecological (zero CO2 emission, eco-friendly by-products) and economical (cheap raw materials and reduction of storage costs) advantages. The use of brewer?s spent grain is still limited, being basically used as animal feed. Researchers are trying to improve the application of brewer?s spent grain by finding alternative uses apart from the current general use as an animal feed. Its possible applications are in human nutrition, as a raw material in biotechnology, energy production, charcoal production, paper manufacture, as a brick component, and adsorbent. In biotechnology brewer?s spent grain could be used as a substrate for cultivation of microorganisms and enzyme production, additive of yeast carrier in beer fermentation, raw material in production of lactic acid, bioethanol, biogas, phenolic acids, xylitol, and pullulan. Some possible applications for brewer?s spent grain are described in this article including pre-treatment conditions (different procedures for polysaccharides, hemicelluloses, and cellulose hydrolysis), working microorganisms, fermentation parameters and obtained yields. The chemical composition of brewer?s spent grain varies according to barley variety, harvesting time, malting and mashing conditions, and a quality and type of unmalted raw material used in beer production. Brewer?s spent grain is lignocellulosic material rich in protein and fibre, which account for approximately 20 and 70% of its composition, respectively.

scholarly journals Investigation of Acid and Enzyme Wheat Straw Hydrolysis for Obtaining Polysaccharides

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 766-772
Author(s):  
Zhaksylyk Baumanuly Makhatov ◽  
Bakhytzhan Shilmirzaevich Kedelbayev ◽  
Madina Dzhakashyeva ◽  
Amina Daulbai ◽  
Bibilgul Zaydullayevna Doltayeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Aspergillus Awamori ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

The processes of acid and enzymatic hydrolysis of wheat straw in the presence of the strain Aspergillus awamori F-RKM 0719 has been studied. Enzymatic hydrolysis is the most promising method of processing plant biomass. When carrying out the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulosic materials, the yield of sugars reaches less than 20% of the theoretically possible yield. Overcoming the physico-chemical barriers that hamper the availability of cellulose for enzymes is an important issue, the solution of which is directly related to the search for low-cost pre-treatment methods for raw materials. The effectiveness of this process determines the yield of the target product in the process of enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose and the economic feasibility of the entire technology as a whole.

scholarly journals Marine Gelatine from Rest Raw Materials

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Milovanovic ◽  
Maria Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Functional Properties ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Film Forming ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Polypeptide Chains ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
By Products ◽  
And Chemical Properties

In recent years, demand for consumption of marine foods, and especially fish, has substantially increased worldwide. The majority of collagen available is sourced from mammalian-derived products. Although fish derived gelatine is a viable alternative to mammalian sourced gelatine, there are some challenges related to the use of fish gelatine including odour, colour, gelling and film forming properties as well as consistency in gelatine amino acid composition. Chemicals used for pre-treatment, as well as extraction conditions such as temperature and time, can influence the length of polypeptide chains that result and the functional properties of the gelatine. Compared to mammalian sources, gelatines derived from fish show notable differences in physical and chemical properties, and great care should be paid to optimization of the production process in order to obtain a product with the best properties for intended applications. The focus of this review is to explore the feasibility of producing gelatine sourced from marine processing by-products using different pre-treatment and extraction strategies with the aim of improving the techno-functional properties of the final product and improving the clean-label status of gelatines. The bioactivities of gelatine hydrolysates are also discussed.

scholarly journals Production of bacterial cellulose from glycerol: the current state and perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peteris Zikmanis ◽  
Sergejs Kolesovs ◽  
Maija Ruklisha ◽  
Pavels Semjonovs
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Medium Composition ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Productivity Data ◽  
Current State ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
By Products

AbstractCurrent research in industrial microbiology and biotechnology focuses on the production of biodegradable microbial polymers as an environmentally friendly alternative to the still dominant fossil hydrocarbon-based plastics. Bacterial cellulose (BC) is important among microbial polymers due to its valuable properties and broad applications in variety of fields from medical to industrial technologies. However, the increase in BC production and its wider deployment is still limited by high costs of traditionally used raw materials. It is therefore necessary to focus on less expensive inputs, such as agricultural and industrial by-products or waste including the more extended use of glycerol. It is the environmentally harmful by-product of biofuel production and reducing it will also reduce the risk of environmental pollution. The experimental data obtained so far confirm that glycerol can be used as the renewable carbon source to produce BC through more efficient and environmentally friendly bioprocesses. This review summarizes current knowledge on the use of glycerol for the production of commercially prospective BC, including information on producer cultures, fermentation modes and methods used, nutrient medium composition, cultivation conditions, and bioprocess productivity. Data on the use of some related sugar alcohols, such as mannitol, arabitol, xylitol, for the microbial synthesis of cellulose are also considered, as well as the main methods and applications of glycerol pre-treatment briefly described.

scholarly journals Optimizing Mixtures of Alkali Aluminosilicate Cement Based on Ternary By-Products

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 1264-1274
Author(s):  
Hoang Vinh Long
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Optimal Composition ◽  
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Furnace Slag ◽  
By Products

Portland cement is a popular binder but causes many adverse effects on the environment. That is due to the large consumption of raw materials and energy during production while emitting vast amounts of CO2. In recent years, Alkali Aluminosilicate Cement (AAC) has drawn much attention in research and development and promises to become a binder that can replace the traditional cement. In many studies of this binder, the content of the ingredients is often gradually changed to determine the optimal composition. The object of this paper is to optimize the composition of AAC using a combination of three by-products as the primary raw material, including Rush Husk Ash (RHA), Fly Ash (FA), and Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag (GGBS). The investigation was conducted based on the critical parameter SiO2/Al2O3, and the D-optimal design. The FA and the GGBS were industrial product form, while the RHA was ground in a ball mill for 2 hours before mixing. The results show that this type of binder has setting time and soundness to meet standard cement requirements. While comparing to Portland cement, the AAC has a faster setting time, slower development of compressive strength in the early stages but a higher strength at the age of 56 days. According to the highest compressive strength at 28 days and high fly ash content, the optimal composition was RHA of 27.8%, FA of 41.8%, and GGBS of 15.4%, corresponding to the ratio SiO2/Al2O3 of 3.83. In addition, compressive strength at 28 days of the mortar specimens with the optimal binder and the ratio of water/ cement at 0.32 reached 63 MPa. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091724 Full Text: PDF

scholarly journals Marine Gelatine from Rest Raw Materials

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 2407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Milovanovic ◽  
Maria Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Functional Properties ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Great Care ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Polypeptide Chains ◽  
By Products

In recent years, demand for consumption of marine foods, and especially fish, has substantially increased worldwide. The majority of collagen available is sourced from mammalian-derived products. Although fish derived gelatine is a viable alternative to mammalian sourced gelatine, there are certain limitations related to the use of fish gelatine that include odour, colour, functional properties, and consistency in its amino acid composition. Chemicals used for pre-treatment, as well as extraction conditions such as temperature and time, can influence the length of polypeptide chains that result and the functional properties of the gelatine. Compared to traditional sources, gelatines derived from fish show significant differences in chemical and physical properties, and great care should be paid to optimization of the production process in order to obtain a product with the best properties for intended applications. The focus of this review is to explore the feasibility of producing gelatine sourced from marine processing by-products using different pre-treatment and extraction strategies with the aim of improving the techno-functional properties of the final product and improving the clean-label status of gelatines. The bioactivities of gelatine hydrolysates are also discussed.

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