The Simulation of Heat and Vapour Transfer Trough Fibrous Materials

2010 ◽  
Vol 297-301 ◽  
pp. 1205-1209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Salopek Čubrić ◽  
Zenun Skenderi
Keyword(s):  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Fibrous Materials ◽  
Vapour Permeability ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Repeat Units ◽  
Materials Used

The heat and water vapour transmitting properties of fibrous materials are important factors that affect the clothing's comfort as well as the quality of special functional clothing that is worn in extreme environmental conditions. The paper introduces advanced system for the simulation of physiological processes that appear next to the human skin. Its use enables the measurement of heat and vapour transfer trough fibrous structures, as well as determination of vapour permeability and permeability index. The experiments reported here refer to the measurement of a number of fibrous materials used for the next-to-skin wear. For the measurement have been produced materials that differ either in their structure or raw material in order to observe the influences of different parameters to the transfer properties. The transfer trough fibrous materials is mainly affected by its structure that comprises of a repeat units with cellular geometry containing air pores, yarns that form basic structure and intersection points of two or more yarns. Therefore, the structure of materials is also investigated and described by means of fabric moduli. Dynamics of heat and vapour transfer is observed through the experimentally obtained data and the influence of a number of structural parameters is discussed. The statistical methods are used to qualify the effects of investigated variables on the heat and vapour resistance.

scholarly journals pH of exudate test in the physiological quality of crambe seeds

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 1014-1018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charline Zaratin Alves ◽  
Lennis Afraire Rodrigues ◽  
Carlos Henrique Queiroz Rego ◽  
Josué Bispo da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Mean ◽  
C 30

ABSTRACT: Crambe is a rapeseed with high oil content and can be used as a winter cover or as a source of raw material for the production of biodiesel, however espite the growing interest in the culture, research on the subject is still incipient, especially concerning the seed production and analysis technology. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the physiological quality of crambe seeds, 'FMS Brilhante' cultivar, by testing the pH of exudate. Five seed lots were submitted to the determination of water content and the tests of germination and vigor (first count, emergence and tetrazolium). In the conduction of pH exudate test, temperatures (25 and 30oC), and periods of seed imbibition in water (15, 30 and 45 minutes) were tested. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized manner, with four replicates, and the mean values were compared by the Tukey test at 5% probability; Pearson correlation between the pH of the exudate and initial tests was also made. Testing the pH of exudate is promising for separating lots of crambe seeds and the following combinations of 25°C/30 minutes or 30°C/45 minutes can be used.

scholarly journals The formulation of white oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) P. Kumm) as natural flavoring and the quality test in temperature and drying time variations

2021 ◽  
Vol 922 (1) ◽  
pp. 012054
Author(s):  
S Sadli ◽  
S Saleha ◽  
D Fiana ◽  
M Misrahanum
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Pleurotus Ostreatus ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Quality Test ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Test Parameters ◽  
Time Variations ◽  
Oyster Mushrooms

Abstract The determination of the drying temperature and time depends to the characteristic of the mushrooms. The use of low temperatures causes the mushrooms to not fully ripen, if the temperature is too high the protein contained in the mushrooms can be denatured and drying too long will change the color of the mushrooms to brown and change its taste. Research on the processing of oyster mushrooms as a raw material for natural flavoring, it is carried out to determine the quality flavoring produced through a descriptive test of the test parameters, color, aroma, taste and texture by variations the temperature 60¼C and 70¼C in drying time 6, 7 and 8 hours. The results of descriptive test of the sixth color of the flavoring have an intensity of attractive colors are light brown; Descriptive taste test F1, F2 and F5 have the intensity of the taste is rather pleasant, the umami is weak while F3, F4 and F6 have taste is quite good, umami tastes; Descriptive test of the six flavoring textures has a good intensity and; Descriptive test of the sixth aroma of flavoring has a slightly fragrant aroma intensity, the aroma of the material is not too smelly. The conclusion of the research is that temperature and drying time do not affect quality of color, aroma and texture. However, they affect the taste where the temperature 60¼C for 8 hours and a temperature of 70¼C within 7 and 8 hours have enough delicious taste with tasteful umami.

scholarly journals Medidas de adesão entre agregado e ligante asfáltico

TRANSPORTES ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamilla Lima Vasconcelos ◽  
Amit Bhasin ◽  
Dallas N. Little ◽  
Jorge Barbosa Soares
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Interaction ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Fatigue Cracking ◽  
Adhesion Measurement ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Enthalpy Of Immersion ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Energy Components

<p>A adesão entre agregado e ligante asfáltico vem sendo apontada como uma propriedade de grande importância para a causa de defeitos encontrados em pavimentos asfálticos, tais como trincas por fadiga, e dano por umidade. Diferentes mecanismos existem na literatura para explicar a adesão entre os dois materiais, porém, estes mecanismos podem ser resumidos em três grandes grupos: inter- travamento mecânico, adesão física, e interação química. A ocorrência de mais de um mecanismo simultaneamente parece ser o fenô- meno mais provável, sendo a relevância de cada um dependente das características físicas e químicas do agregado e do ligante asfálti- co. No presente trabalho, dois procedimentos foram utilizados para acessar a adesão entre agregado e ligante. O primeiro constou do cálculo do trabalho de adesão através da energia livre de superfície dos materiais envolvidos e o segundo, da determinação da entalpia de imersão quando soluções de asfalto são postas em contato com o agregado. Todos os materiais usados foram provenientes da biblio- teca de referência do SHRP sendo um pedregulho como agregado, e três diferentes ligantes asfálticos. Os resultados mostraram a capa- cidade do microcalorímetro em detectar possíveis interações químicas na adesão entre agregado e ligante asfáltico, em conjunto com adesão física. A presença de grupos funcionais mais fortemente adsorvidos pela superfície dos agregados justificou os maiores valores de entalpia de imersão para as combinações onde esses grupos se encontravam presentes.</p><p><em><strong>Abstract</strong> Adhesion between the asphalt binder and the aggregate is critical to the performance and durability of asphalt mixtures. According to the literature, distresses mechanisms such as fatigue cracking and moisture induced damage are correlated to the nature and quality of adhesion between these two materials. Different mechanisms already exist to explain adhesion, but they can be summa- rized in three main groups: mechanical interlocking, physical adhesion and chemical interaction. Although discussions of isolated theo- ries and mechanisms help to clarify the understanding of adhesion, they can rarely be separated completely to each other. The physical and chemical characteristics of asphalt and aggregate will in fact determine the relevance of each of these mechanisms. This study presents the results of two procedures for adhesion measurement: (i) an indirect method based on the surface free energy components of asphalt binder and aggregate; and (ii) the determination of the enthalpy of immersion through the use of a microcalorimeter. The materials used, a gravel as aggregate and three different neat asphalts, were provided by the Strategic Highway Research Program's Material Reference Library. The results showed the capacity of the microcalorimeter in detecting possible chemical reactions together with physical adhesion. The presence of functional groups more strongly adsorbed by the aggregate surface justified the higher values of the heat of immersion. </em></p>

The issue of "oil shrinkage" during the compounding of oils in the processes of production, collection, preparation and transportation of hydrocarbon raw materials

2021 ◽  
pp. 104-113
Author(s):  
O. P. Deryugina ◽  
E. A. Trapeznikov
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Colloidal System ◽  
Main Pipelines ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Mixed Oil

The article discusses the issue of industrial compounding, which improves the quality of the raw materials supplied to the main pipelines. Compounding from "to compound" (English) - to mix. When mixing different types of oil obtained, "incompatibility" is possible, which is expressed in the precipitation of a solid sediment and violation of the stability of the colloidal system and due to the differing properties of oils. Attention to this problem is due to the tightening of requirements for the quality of raw materials that must comply with modern standards. The article discusses the causes of the problem of "incompatibility" of oil during compounding and effective ways of solving it, substantiates the need for a preliminary study of the properties of mixed oil in order to identify possible incompatibility of various types of oil. The standard tests for determination of incompatibility indices characterizing the ability of raw materials to mix are considered. The article substantiates the need to develop methods for diagnosing the incompatibility of oils as the most important task of modern chemical science, the solution of which will improve the quality of the raw material obtained and solve many technological problems in the compounding process.

Development of Methodological Support for the Study of Materials’ Air Permeability

2019 ◽  
Vol 945 ◽  
pp. 938-943
Author(s):  
I.A. Sheromova ◽  
A.S. Zheleznyakov
Keyword(s):  
Air Permeability ◽  
Control Procedure ◽  
Fibrous Materials ◽  
Additional Advantage ◽  
Textile Materials ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Properties Of Materials ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Different Levels

The object of research of the article is the methodological and technical support for the process of studying the characteristics of ergonomic properties of materials used in the manufacture of garments, and the subject – the method for the determination of textile materials’ air permeability. The aim of the work is to simplify the method for determination of fibrous materials’ air permeability and to expand the technological capabilities of its instrument base while increasing the flexibility of the control procedure. To achieve this goal, the tasks related to the analysis of existing methods and technical means, and the development of a new method for determining the air permeability of textile materials were solved. The principal difference in the developed method is the possibility to conduct studies on the air permeability of textile materials at different levels of pressure drop on both sides of the sample, and not only in accordance with the standardized requirements. An additional advantage of the method is the possibility to create an online electronic database on the properties of materials. In comparison with analogues, the proposed method for the determination of air permeability ensures the accuracy and reliability of the data obtained, as well as facilitates the testing process by automation.

scholarly journals Insight into the Way the Content of Biologically Active Compounds in Meadowsweet Inflorescences (Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim.) Is Shaped by Phytosociological Habitats

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (17) ◽  
pp. 5172
Author(s):  
Kinga Stawarczyk ◽  
Aleksandra Chrupek ◽  
Agnieszka Sękara ◽  
Michał Gostkowski ◽  
Małgorzata Karbarz
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Material ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Filipendula Ulmaria ◽  
Biochemical Compounds ◽  
Active Chemical ◽  
Insight Into

A collection of herbs from the natural environment remains not only a source of raw material but also provides evidence of chemical differentiation of the local populations. This work aimed at performing a phytosociological analysis of seven different stands of meadowsweet (Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim.) occurrence. A determination of total phenolic compounds and salicylates and the antioxidant activity of dried meadowsweet inflorescences (Flos ulmariae) was also performed. Active chemical compounds in F. ulmaria inflorescences were related to chemotype and diversified between investigated populations. Geographical distance and variation in phytosociological locations affected chemical composition in different ways, shaping the content of biochemical compounds crucial for herbal material quality. The obtained results can be a valuable indicator for Nexo and Baligród populations, which are good genetic material for research, breeding, and cultivation due to their biochemical composition, especially with respect to salicylates, as major compounds of determining market quality of Flos ulmariae.

scholarly journals Effect of washing time and storage of raw Material on Surimi and Kamaboko of Tilapia (Oreochromis sp.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Eka Saputra
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Frozen Storage ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Minced Fish ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
And Storage

This study aim was to determine the effect of washing and raw materials on frozen storage on the quality of surimi and kamaboko from raw material of tilapia (Oreochromis sp). There were three types of raw materials used, namely minced fish, surimi, and surimi with addition of sorbitol, with three washing treatments and four weeks frozen storage period observed every week. The method used consisted of measurements of pH, water content, bite test, and folding test. Then the results obtained for the best kamaboko tilapia (Oreochromis sp) were obtained from fillet raw materials compared to the raw material of Minced fish and raw materials of Minced Fish + Sorbitol, with a frequency of washing once and frozen storage for 3 weeks.

Effectiveness of a Lactobacillus sakei Starter Culture in the Reduction of Biogenic Amine Accumulation as a Function of the Raw Material Quality

2001 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
SARA BOVER-CID ◽  
MARIA IZQUIERDO-PULIDO ◽  
M. CARMEN VIDAL-CAROU
Keyword(s):  
Biogenic Amine ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Starter Culture ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Lactobacillus Sakei ◽  
Hygienic Quality ◽  
Fermented Sausages ◽  
Materials Used

The effectiveness of an amine-negative starter culture (Lactobacillus sakei CTC494) in the reduction of biogenic amine production during the ripening of fermented sausages was examined. Four batches were manufactured in parallel:spontaneously fermented and starter-mediated sausages were manufactured from two lots of raw materials of different hygienic quality. Besides the biogenic amine contents, changes in the microbial counts, nitrogenous fractions, pH, and water content were measured at several sampling points during the ripening process. In sausages manufactured from good quality meat, the starter strain of L. sakei reduced and even inhibited biogenic amine accumulation during sausage fermentation, the end products showing extremely low biogenic amine contents (tyramine levels less than 15 mg/kg of dry matter and putrescine and cadaverine levels less than 5 mg/kg of dry matter). Nevertheless, starter-mediated sausages made from poorer-quality raw materials showed much higher amine contents (308, 223, and 36 mg/kg of dry matter of cadaverine, tyramine, and putrescine, respectively), which were only slightly lower than those of the spontaneously fermented sausages made from the same raw materials. The relatively high bacterial numbers of raw materials of poorer-hygienic quality diminished the beneficial effect of the starter strain. Therefore, the effectiveness of the starter was strongly dependent on the hygienic quality of the raw materials used.

Impact of Raw Material Quality on Performance of Mixing and Charging Machines in Drilling and Blasting Operations

2021 ◽  
pp. 69-73
Author(s):  
T.S. Morozova
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Production Facility ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Equipment Failures ◽  
Hazardous Production ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Incoming Inspection

A study into the failure causes of mixing and charging equipment confirms that the main impact on the probability of accidents is the use of raw materials that do not meet the specifications and have unstable properties. The raw materials used for explosives preparation in mechanized charging of boreholes include such components as ammonium nitrate, emulsion phase, diesel fuel, emulsifier and others. The paper describes the application of various formulations with these components in specific types of mixing and charging machines manufactured by AZOTTECH LLC. The main properties that affect the quality of raw materials are summarised, and the incoming inspection of explosive components is described as part of the acceptance procedure at temporary storage sites at a hazardous production facility. The paper describes common types of equipment failures and maintenance procedures when using substandard raw materials. The conclusion highlights the key practices to improve the equipment uptime as well as recommendations for incoming inspection and the use of high-quality explosive components.

scholarly journals Comparison of Methodologies for Acid Buffering Capacity Determination—Empirical Verification of Models

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2345
Author(s):  
Patryk Król ◽  
Piotr Borysiuk ◽  
Mariusz Mamiński
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Bond Line ◽  
Buffering Capacity ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Optimal Amount ◽  
Acid Buffering ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Different Origins

Raw materials used in particleboard production may have different chemical properties as they have different origins, nature, and storage histories. One of the most important factors is the acidity of the wood which affects the process of bond line formation. Thus, determination of the acid buffering capacity (ABC) of a raw material helps to adjust the optimal amount of hardener in the adhesive. In the present study, three methods for pH-metric ABC determination in the presence of lignocellulosic material were compared. Models that correlate the hardener amount with the internal bonding of particleboards were built from the ABC results. The approach was tested on three materials of different acidity—pine, oak, and ammonia-treated oak. The developed models allowed the prediction of the optimal amount of hardener for the maximized internal bond of the boards. The experimental verification of the models showed a high convergence of the calculated and empirical results.

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