Drying of Industrial Ceramic Bricks: An Experimental Investigation in Oven

2014 ◽  
Vol 353 ◽  
pp. 116-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Silva Almeida ◽  
M.A.F. Barbosa Fernandes ◽  
J.N. Ferreira Fernandes ◽  
Gelmires Araújo Neves ◽  
W.M.P. Barbosa de Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Drying Rate ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Clay Brick ◽  
Constant Weight ◽  
Rate Period ◽  
Temperature Constant

The purpose of this paper is to present an experimental study of clay brick drying. For the drying experiments, industrial holed bricks were dried in an oven under controlled conditions of velocity, temperature (constant and variable) and relative humidity of air. The continuous drying experiments ended when the mass reached constant weight. Experimental tests were performed under atmospheric pressure. Results of the drying and heating kinetics and volume variations during the process are shown and analyzed. It was verified that the drying process happens in the falling drying rate period, and air temperature has large influence in the drying rate during process. It was verified that the largest temperature, moisture content and stress gradients are located in the vertexes of the brick.

Heat and Mass Transfer and Volume Variations during Drying of Industrial Ceramic Bricks: An Experimental Investigation

2012 ◽  
Vol 326-328 ◽  
pp. 267-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Barbosa da Silva ◽  
G. Silva Almeida ◽  
Gelmires Araújo Neves ◽  
W.C.P. Barbosa de Lima ◽  
Severino Rodrigues de Farias Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Drying Rate ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Brick Clay ◽  
Constant Weight ◽  
Rate Period

The purpose of this paper is to present an experimental study of brick drying. For the drying experiments, industrial brick (clay) was dried in an oven under controlled conditions of air velocity, air temperature and air relative humidity. The continuous drying experiments ended when the mass reached constant weight. In order, to obtain the balanced moisture content, each sample was kept under the same drying air temperature for 48 hours inside the oven. The tests were performed under atmospheric pressure. Results of the drying and heating kinetics and volume variations during the process are shown and analyzed. It was verified that air temperature has big influence in the drying rate during process. It was verified that the largest temperature, moisture content and stress gradients are located in the vertexes of the brick. The drying process happens in the falling drying rate period.

scholarly journals Periods of constant and falling-rate for infrared drying of carrot slices

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 845-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando M. Botelho ◽  
Paulo C. Corrêa ◽  
André. L. D. Goneli ◽  
Márcio A. Martins ◽  
Felipe E. A. Magalhães ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Heat And Mass Transfer ◽  
Arrhenius Equation ◽  
Effective Diffusion ◽  
Infrared Heating ◽  
Drying Rate ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Constant Weight ◽  
Infrared Drying ◽  
Heating Source

The aim of this work was to study the infrared drying process of carrot slices and to determine coefficients related to the heat and mass transfer of the process. Fresh carrots were used, dried until constant weight in a dryer with infrared heating source. Different models were utilized to fit the experimental data of constant and falling drying rate periods. It was verified that the coefficients of heat and mass transfer, during the constant drying rate, significantly increased with temperature on rise. The Diffusion Approximation, Two Terms, Midili and Verna models satisfactory represented the falling period of drying rate of carrot slices. The effective diffusion coefficient increased with temperature and this relationship can be represented by the Arrhenius equation, obtaining activation energy to the drying process of 29.092 kJ mol-1.

scholarly journals Drying Process Analysis of the Decreasing Drying Rate Period of Granular and Powder Material

1959 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 641-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Toei ◽  
S. Hayashi ◽  
T. Naito ◽  
M. Okazaki ◽  
M. Agata
Keyword(s):  
Powder Material ◽  
Process Analysis ◽  
Drying Rate ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Rate Period

scholarly journals Experimental Study of the Behavior of Rectangular Excavations Supported by a Pipe Roof

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 2082 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiongyao Xie ◽  
Mingrui Zhao ◽  
Isam Shahrour
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Soil Pressure ◽  
Sand Soil ◽  
Soil Settlement ◽  
Effective Role ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Pressure Analysis

This paper presents an experimental investigation of the role of pipe-roofs in the improvement of the stability of rectangular excavations constructed using pipe-roof technology. This technology is suitable for the construction of underground passages in crowded areas subjected to high requirements concerning soil settlement and stability during excavation construction. The design of a rectangular pipe-roof excavation required an understanding of the interaction between the soil, the pipe-roof and the excavation. This interaction is complex and plays an important role in the features of the pipe roof excavation. This paper presents a series of 1g physical experimental tests conducted in dry sand soil with an advanced monitoring system, which allows tracking of the soil settlement, the pipe deformation and the soil pressure. Analysis of these tests shows the effective role of the pipe-roof in reducing both the soil settlement and the soil pressure on the excavation. It also shows the influence of pipes on the deformation mechanism of the soil and its evolution from low deformation to the instability phase.

scholarly journals İncirin Sıcak Hava ve Mikrodalga Destekli Köpük Kurutma Yöntemi ile Kurutulması

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 291
Author(s):  
Mehmet Koç ◽  
Feyza Elmas ◽  
Emine Varhan
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Effective Diffusion ◽  
Microwave Drying ◽  
Drying Rate ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Hot Air Drying ◽  
Air Drying ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Rate Period ◽  
Foam Thickness

In this study, the drying process of fig foam was carried out with hot air (60, 70, 80°C) and microwave (100, 300, 600 W) and the effect of drying process parameters and foam thickness on drying kinetics was investigated. The drying process was carried out only falling drying rate period and no constant drying rate period was observed. The drying times of the microwave drying were lower than the drying times of hot air drying due to the volumetric heating in addition to the large evaporation area on the foam surfaces. Drying times were shortened by increasing the temperature and microwave power whereas drying time increased with increasing foam thickness. Experimental drying data were placed in semi-empirical models of the 2. Fick's diffusion equation to determine kinetic parameters. Among them, it was found that Wang and Singh and Logarithmic models were better fitted for microwave and hot air drying respectively. The effective diffusion coefficient values for microwave and hot air drying varied between 9.94×10-10-405.69×10-10, 13.26×10-10-26.65×10-10 m2·s-1, respectively. Effective diffusion coefficient values increased with increasing temperature, microwave power and foam thickness. High thickness supported the diffusion process by convection of heat due to the increase in gaps in the structure. Activation energy which calculated with Arrhenius equation was varied from 2.195-2.379 W·g-1 for microwave drying and 12.952-21.426 kJ·mol-1 for hot air drying.

scholarly journals Estudo da cinética de secagem em camada delgada da bráctea da macambira

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
T. R. B. Pessoa ◽  
J. V. F. Portela ◽  
Â. A. El-Aouar ◽  
P. C. Martins
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Effective Diffusivity ◽  
Absolute Humidity ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Moisture Diffusivity ◽  
Convective Drying ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Empirical Correlations ◽  
Constant Weight ◽  
Different Temperatures

<p>A macambira é uma bromélia do sertão brasileiro e a sua principal utilização para consumo de suas brácteas é na forma de produtos secos, tais como a farinha. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o processo de secagem em camada delgada da bráctea da macambira (<em>Bromelia laciniosa</em>, Mart.) in natura a diferentes temperaturas. A secagem convectiva foi realizada a 43, 49 e 56 °C em condições constantes de velocidade e umidade absoluta do ar. Foi utilizado um secador de leito fixo com escoamento de ar perpendicular as partículas, cujos ensaios de secagem foram conduzidos até que as amostras alcançassem massa constante. A cinética de secagem foi avaliada através das curvas experimentais de secagem. A difusividade efetiva média de umidade foi determinada através de correlações empíricas e da solução do modelo de Fick para a difusão de água líquida. O aumento da temperatura do ar de secagem provocou o aumento da taxa de secagem e a diminuição do conteúdo de umidade das amostras ao longo de toda operação. As correlações empíricas (análoga a lei de resfriamento de Newton e de Page) apresentaram melhores ajustes aos resultados experimentais em relação ao modelo de Fick. Os valores da difusividade média de umidade encontradas para a bráctea de macambira a 43, 49 e 56°C foi na ordem de 10-10 m/s². Os melhores resultados para a secagem de bráctea de macambira foi a 56°C.</p><p align="center"><strong><em>Mathematical modeling and effective diffusivity of drying process of bract of macambira</em></strong></p><p><strong>Abstract</strong><strong>: </strong>The macambira is a bromeliad in the Brazilian arid regions and its main use for consumption of its bract is in the form of dry products such as flour. The objective of this work was to study the drying process thin layer bract macambira (<em>Bromeliad laciniosa</em> Mart.) at different temperatures. The convective drying was performed at 43, 49 and 56 °C under constant air conditions of speed and absolute humidity. Experimental tests were conducted in a fixed-bed dryer with air flowing perpendicular to the sample the particles to obtain constant weight. Drying kinetics was evaluated using the experimental curves drying. The average effective moisture diffusivity was determined by empirical correlations and Fick's model solution for the diffusion of liquid water. The increase in drying air temperature caused an increase in the drying rate and decreased moisture content of the samples throughout operation. The empirical correlations (analogous to Newton's law of cooling and Page) had best fits the experimental results than the model of Fick. The values of average moisture diffusivity found for bract macambira at 43, 49 and 56 °C was in the order of 10<sup>-10</sup> m<sup>2</sup>/s. The best results for drying bract macambira was at 56 °C.</p>

scholarly journals Experimental investigation of drying of malt bagasse

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Rosa ◽  
B. D. Zorzi ◽  
K. Machry ◽  
P. Krolow ◽  
C. M. Moura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Dye Removal ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Convective Drying ◽  
Drying Rate ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Rate Period

The aim of this work was to investigate the convective drying process of malt bagasse and to evaluate the influence of this process on the application of this residue as adsorbent in methylene blue removel by adsorption process. The experimental system for drying was a fixed bed dryer with parallel airflow, with operating conditions: air temperature in the range of 40 to 90 oC and air veocity of 2 m/s. The adsorption experiments were perfomed with solution of methylene blue at 70 ppm concentration. The drying kinetics showed a constant drying rate period followed by a falling drying rate. The results obtained for the dye removal efficiency were 56% for in natura sample and in the range of 81.69% to 93.99% for dried samples.Keywords: dryin; malt bagasse; adsorption

CATFISH DRYING (Clarias Batraclus) USING ‘TEKO BERSAYAP’ SOLAR DRYER

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
Yuwana Yuwana
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Drying Rate ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Ambient Relative Humidity ◽  
Solar Dryer

Experiment on catfish drying employing ‘Teko Bersayap’ solar dryer was conducted. The result of the experiment indicated that the dryer was able to increase ambient temperature up to 44% and decrease ambient relative humidity up to 103%. Fish drying process followed equations : KAu = 74,94 e-0,03t for unsplitted fish and KAb = 79,25 e-0,09t for splitted fish, where KAu = moisture content of unsplitted fish (%), KAb = moisture content of splitted fish (%), t = drying time. Drying of unsplitted fish finished in 43.995 hours while drying of split fish completed in 15.29 hours. Splitting the fish increased 2,877 times drying rate.

An Experimental Investigation of the Efficacy of Lawyers' Letters

2002 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack L. Krogstad ◽  
Mark H. Taylor ◽  
Maribeth J. Stock
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Lower Bound ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Law Students ◽  
Potential Loss

This experimental study investigates the efficacy of lawyers' letters in providing auditors with corroborating evidence about litigation contingencies. Fifty second- and third-year law students indicate their willingness to provide auditors with estimates of the likelihoods of unfavorable outcomes and potential damages for two realistic litigation cases. The findings indicate that (1) the potential loss of attorney-client privilege and (2) likelihoods of unfavorable litigation outcomes that approach auditors' lower bound for accrual both may inhibit lawyers' responses to auditors. Overall, these findings raise doubts about the efficacy of this widely utilized auditing procedure and lead to concerns about whether litigation contingencies and corresponding losses may be underreported in financial statements.

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