A Miniaturized Piezoelectric Wind Flutter Generator

2012 ◽  
Vol 503 ◽  
pp. 71-74
Author(s):  
Xing Qiang Zhao ◽  
Zhi Yu Wen ◽  
Zhi Gang Du
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Power Density ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Empirical Formula ◽  
Critical Speed ◽  
Open Circuit Voltage ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Flexible Beam ◽  
Working Principle

A novel miniaturized piezoelectric wind flutter generator is proposed which consisted of a flexible beam and a PZT cantilever. The working principle is based on flexible beam flutter, which can amplify the PZT cantilever vibration. A prototype was tested in a wind tunnel. It is found that there are three behavior states with wind speed increasing, and flutter behavior takes place when wind speed varies between the critical wind speed Uc1and Uc2, an empirical formula was obtained about the critical speed Uc1. The open circuit voltage and power were measured. The device can generate 794μW output power with 30kΩ resistor in a wind of speed 20m/s, power density is 139μW/cm3.

scholarly journals An Optimized Flutter-Driven Triboelectric Nanogenerator with a Low Cut-In Wind Speed

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 366
Author(s):  
Yang Xia ◽  
Yun Tian ◽  
Lanbin Zhang ◽  
Zhihao Ma ◽  
Huliang Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Open Circuit Voltage ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Triboelectric Nanogenerator ◽  
Vibration Behavior ◽  
Air Speed

We present an optimized flutter-driven triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) for wind energy harvesting. The vibration and power generation characteristics of this TENG are investigated in detail, and a low cut-in wind speed of 3.4 m/s is achieved. It is found that the air speed, the thickness and length of the membrane, and the distance between the electrode plates mainly determine the PTFE membrane’s vibration behavior and the performance of TENG. With the optimized value of the thickness and length of the membrane and the distance of the electrode plates, the peak open-circuit voltage and output power of TENG reach 297 V and 0.46 mW at a wind speed of 10 m/s. The energy generated by TENG can directly light up dozens of LEDs and keep a digital watch running continuously by charging a capacitor of 100 μF at a wind speed of 8 m/s.

An Experimental Method for Fast Evaluating Thermoelectric Generators Using one pair of P- and N-type Legs

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Ting Zhao ◽  
Kewen Li ◽  
Yuhao Zhu ◽  
Lin Jia ◽  
Xiaoyong Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Method ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Temperature Difference ◽  
Open Circuit Voltage ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Single Pair ◽  
Thermoelectric Generators ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Specific Temperature

Abstract Thermoelectric generators (TEG) are widely used in many industries. The voltage and output power of TEG chips are critical indicators to evaluate the performance of TEGs. The conventional method is to directly test the output voltage and power of the whole TEG chip that contains 127 pairs of PN (P- and N-type) legs (127-PN-TEG). However, the assembling of these PN legs is very time-consuming. In order to reduce experimental time and the consumption of TEG materials, we proposed an experimental method. We developed the test apparatus for the rapid evaluation of TEG performance using a TEG chip with a single pair of PN legs (1-PN-TEG). We made several 1-PN-TEGs and 127-PN-TEGs using the same thermoelectric material (bismuth telluride). We then measured the voltage and the power of these 1-PN-TEGs and 127-PN-TEGs, respectively. The experimental results were compared and analyzed. The comparison showed that the voltage of 127-PN-TEG is equal to the voltage of 1-PN-TEG times 127, which implies that we could use the test data of 1-PN-TEG to evaluate the performance of 127-PN-TEG. Using the experimental device developed in this paper, we also studied the effects of the PN leg area (cross-sectional area of PN legs) and the pressure applied over the TEGs on the output power of 1-PN-TEG. The experimental results showed that the power per unit area decreases with an increase in the 1-PN-TEG's PN leg area when the temperature difference between the hot and cold sides was constant. Under a specific temperature difference conditions, the open-circuit voltage and the output power will increase with the pressure applied on the TEG chips.

Preparation of Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9 Thin Films by Electrophoretic Deposition and their Fuel Cell Performance

2013 ◽  
Vol 566 ◽  
pp. 137-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroki Ichiboshi ◽  
Kenichi Myoujin ◽  
Takayuki Kodera ◽  
Takashi Ogihara
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Spray Pyrolysis ◽  
Power Density ◽  
Electrophoretic Deposition ◽  
Open Circuit Voltage ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Doped Ceria ◽  
Maximum Power Density ◽  
Fuel Cell Performance

Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9 (Samaria-doped ceria: SDC) precursors were synthesized by carbon-assisted spray pyrolysis. SDC thin films were prepared by electrophoretic deposition using the SDC precursor particles. The as-prepared SDC thin films were sintered at 1600 °C for 10 h. Uniform films with a thickness of approximately 20 μm were obtained. A fuel cell using the prepared thin films showed a maximum power density of 60.6 mW/cm2 and an open circuit voltage (OCV) of 0.63 V at 700 °C.

The Improvement of Solar Cell Output Power Using Cooling and Reflection from Mirror

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1320
Author(s):  
Budiyanto Budiyanto ◽  
Fadliondi Fadliondi
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Solar Cell ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Open Circuit Voltage ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Light Reflection

This paper explains the experimental investigation to improve the output power of solar cell using cooling and light reflection from mirrors. The results show that by adding mirror, the current and output power of solar cell increase but the open circuit voltage and maximum power voltage decrease due to heat. By adding cooling, the open circuit voltage and the maximum power voltage are improved, so the output power also increases.

Power Generation Properties of a Micro Tubular SOFC Bundle Under Pressurized Conditions

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Hashimoto ◽  
Y. Liu ◽  
K. Asano ◽  
M. Mori ◽  
Y. Funahashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Power Density ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Polarization Resistance ◽  
Open Circuit Voltage ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Oxide Fuel ◽  
Generation Test

A micro tubular solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) bundle was developed based on new concept. The anode-supported micro tubular SOFCs with the cell configuration, La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8 O3−δ (LSCF) – Ce0.9Gd0.1O2−δ (CGO) cathode / CGO electrolyte / Ni – CGO anode were fabricated and were bundled by a porous LSCF current collecting cube 1 cm on a side. The power generation test of the fabricated SOFC bundle was carried out under pressurized conditions. Using wet 30%H2 / N2 mixture gas and air, the cubic power density of the bundle at 500°C was 0.47 Wcm−3 at 0.4Acm−2, atmospheric pressure (0.1MPa). With increasing operating pressure, the performance has been improved, and the cubic power density finally reached to 0.66 Wcm−3 at 0.6MPa. Pressurization effect for the power improvement was brought about by the open circuit voltage enhancement and reduction of the polarization resistance.

Glucose Oxidation by Nano-Fibrous Anodes in a Fuel Cell

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pinchas Schechner ◽  
Eugenia Bubis ◽  
Hana Faiger ◽  
Eyal Zussman ◽  
Ehud Kroll
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Power Density ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Open Circuit Voltage ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
High Area ◽  
Micrometer Size ◽  
Oxidation Of Glucose

This work adds more experimental evidence regarding the feasibility of using glucose to fuel fuel-cells with anodes that have a high area-to-volume ratio. Electrospinning was used to fabricate sub-micrometer size fibrous electrocatalytic anode membranes for the oxidation of glucose in an alkaline fuel cell (AFC). The fibers of the membranes were made of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and coated with silver by electroless plating. The anodes were tested while installed in a membranless fuel cell. The results presented include the open circuit voltage, OCV, the polarization curve, the power density as a function of the current density, and the peak power density, PPD. The measurements were performed with constant concentrations of glucose, 0.8 M, and KOH electrolyte solution, 1M. The performance of the anodes was found to improve as the diameter of the silver-plated fibers decreased. The highest PPD of 0.28 mW/cm2 was obtained with an anode made of plated fibers having a mean fiber diameter of 130 nanometers. We conclude from the results that saccharides in general, and glucose in particular, can serve as fuels for fuel cells, and that silver-plated polymeric electrospun electrodes have advantages due to their large surface area.

Maximum Output Power Control Using Short-Circuit Current and Open-Circuit Voltage of a Solar Panel

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (10S) ◽  
pp. 10NF08 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahiro Kato ◽  
Takuma Miyake ◽  
Daisuke Tashima ◽  
Tatsuya Sakoda ◽  
Masahisa Otsubo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Control ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Open Circuit Voltage ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Maximum Output Power ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Solar Panel ◽  
Maximum Output

scholarly journals Bandtail Limits to Solar Conversion Efficiencies in Amorphous Silicon Solar Cells

2003 ◽  
Vol 762 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Zhu ◽  
J. Yang ◽  
W. Wang ◽  
E. A. Schiff ◽  
J. Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Amorphous Silicon ◽  
Power Density ◽  
Open Circuit Voltage ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Drift Mobility ◽  
Silicon Solar Cells ◽  
Solar Conversion ◽  
Conversion Efficiencies

AbstractWe describe a model for a-Si:H based pin solar cells derived primarily from valence bandtail properties. We show how hole drift-mobility measurements and measurements of the temperature-dependence of the open-circuit voltage VOC can be used to estimate the parameters, and we present VOC(T) measurements. We compared the power density under solar illumination calculated with this model with published results for as-deposited a-Si:H solar cells. The agreement is within 4% for a range of thicknesses, suggesting that the power from as-deposited cells is close to the bandtail limit.

scholarly journals Comparing Fuzzy rule-based and fractional Open Circuit Voltage MPPT techniques in a fuel cell stack

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 402
Author(s):  
Doudou N. Luta ◽  
Atanda K. Raji
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Open Circuit Voltage ◽  
Fuzzy Rule ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Fuel Cell Stack ◽  
Maximum Power Tracking

The concept of power tracking was at first applied to renewable power systems and especially those based on solar and wind to extract as much power as possible from them. Both types of power systems operate on the principle of converting either solar or wind into electricity. Thus, their output power is direct dependent on the solar radiation for solar power systems and on the wind speed for wind generators. To maintain efficient system operations, the output power of these power systems is optimized through maximum power tracking techniques. In the similar vein, fuel cell stacks display nonlinear output powers resulting from internal limitations and operating parameters such as tem-perature, hydrogen and oxygen partial pressures and humidity levels, etc., leading to a reduced system performance. It is critical to extract as much power as possible from the stack, thus, to prevent also an excessive fuel use. To ensure that, the power converter interfaced to the stack must be able to self-adjust its parameters continuously, hence modifying its voltage and current depending upon the maximum power point position. Diverse techniques are utilized to extract maximum power from the fuel-cell stack.  In this paper, a fractional open circuit voltage and fuzzy rule based maximum power tracking techniques are considered and compared. The proposed system consists of a 50 kW Proton Exchange Membrane fuel cell interfaced to a DC-to-DC boost converter. The converter is designed to deliver 1.2 kV from 625 V input voltage. The simulation is carried out under Matlab/Simulink environment.  

scholarly journals Design and Analysis of Gallium Nitride-Based p-i-n Diode Structure for Betavoltaic Cell with Enhanced Output Power Density

Micromachines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1100
Author(s):  
Young Jun Yoon ◽  
Jae Sang Lee ◽  
In Man Kang ◽  
Jung Hee Lee ◽  
Dong Seok Kim
Keyword(s):  
Gallium Nitride ◽  
Power Density ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Reverse Current ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Trap States

In this work, Gallium Nitride (GaN)-based p-i-n diodes were designed using a computer aided design (TCAD) simulator for realizing a betavoltaic (BV) cell with a high output power density (Pout). The short-circuit current density (JSC) and open-circuit voltage (VOC) of the 17 keV electron-beam (e-beam)-irradiated diode were evaluated with the variations of design parameters, such as the height and doping concentration of the intrinsic GaN region (Hi-GaN and Di-GaN), which influenced the depletion width in the i-GaN region. A high Hi-GaN and a low Di-GaN improved the Pout because of the enhancement of absorption and conversion efficiency. The device with the Hi-GaN of 700 nm and Di-GaN of 1 × 1016 cm−3 exhibited the highest Pout. In addition, the effects of native defects in the GaN material on the performances were investigated. While the reverse current characteristics were mainly unaffected by donor-like trap states like N vacancies, the Ga vacancies-induced acceptor-like traps significantly decreased the JSC and VOC due to an increase in recombination rate. As a result, the device with a high acceptor-like trap density dramatically degenerated the Pout. Therefore, growth of the high quality i-GaN with low acceptor-like traps is important for an enhanced Pout in BV cell.

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