Research on the Application of Liquid Permeating Method to Silica Sol Stability

2013 ◽  
Vol 539 ◽  
pp. 266-270
Author(s):  
Le Li ◽  
Nai Zhou ◽  
Xu Cui ◽  
Wen Hai Huang
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Method ◽  
Reliable Method ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Silica Sol ◽  
New Method ◽  
Gel Time ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Sol Stability

The stability of SiO2 sol is an important parameter in the practical applications. But so far the parameter for expressing the stability of SiO2 sol cannot be characterized by a proper measurement. In this paper, a new method, liquid permeating method, was introduced, by which the stability of SiO2 sol was characterized and the effects of additive, such as dimethylformamide (DMF) and MgO were presented. The results show that with the amount of DMF increasing, the gel-time of SiO2 sol became longer; and that with the amount of MgO increasing, the gel-time became shorter. The results obtained by this new method are as same as that from the traditional tedious viscometer measurement method, which indicate that this liquid permeating method is a reliable method for characterizing the stability of SiO2 sol. Besides, this liquid permeating method is also simple, time-saving and low-cost for evaluating SiO2 sol stability.

scholarly journals A Novel Evidence Conflict Measurement for Multi-Sensor Data Fusion Based on the Evidence Distance and Evidence Angle

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhan Deng ◽  
Jianyu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Method ◽  
Evidence Theory ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Uncertainty Modeling ◽  
New Method ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Mutual Support ◽  
Combination Rule ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Multi Sensor Data Fusion

As an important method for uncertainty modeling, Dempster–Shafer (DS) evidence theory has been widely used in practical applications. However, the results turned out to be almost counter-intuitive when fusing the different sources of highly conflicting evidence with Dempster’s combination rule. In previous researches, most of them were mainly dependent on the conflict measurement method between the evidence represented by the evidence distance. However, it is inaccurate to characterize the evidence conflict only through the evidence distance. To address this issue, we comprehensively consider the impacts of the evidence distance and evidence angle on conflicts in this paper, and propose a new method based on the mutual support degree between the evidence to characterize the evidence conflict. First, the Hellinger distance measurement method is proposed to measure the distance between the evidence, and the sine value of the Pignistic vector angle is used to characterize the angle between the evidence. The evidence distance indicates the dissimilarity between the evidence, and the evidence angle represents the inconsistency between the evidence. Next, two methods are combined to get a new method for measuring the mutual support degree between the evidence. Afterward, the weight of each evidence is determined by using the mutual support degree between the evidence. Then, the weights of each evidence are utilized to modify the original evidence to achieve the weighted average evidence. Finally, Dempster’s combination rule is used for fusion. Some numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness and reasonability for the proposed method.

Studies on Preparation of Diet Microcapsules by Using Digitalization of Microfluids Technology

2013 ◽  
Vol 562-565 ◽  
pp. 620-626
Author(s):  
Mei Yang ◽  
Li Ya Hou ◽  
Zong An Li ◽  
Li Li Mu ◽  
Wei Yi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Method ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
System Parameters ◽  
Preparation Conditions ◽  
Inner Diameter ◽  
The Stability

The traditional methods used to prepare diet microcapsules have disadvantages of expensive, complicated operation and harsh preparation conditions and so on. In this paper, based on the Digitalization of Microfluids Technology, a new method for preparing and research diet microcapsules is proposed, in which a kind of electromagnet is used as the actuator. Two kinds of micronozzle, one is the single micronozzle, and the other one is micronozzle array, are used to prepare diet microcapsules, and the influence of the system parameters on the stability of microcapsule preparation is explored. Results show that the sizes of the diet microcapsules could be controlled by changing the inner diameter of the micronozzle, the diet microcapsules could be prepared efficiently and steadily by the frequency of 7-11Hz range cooperated with other system parameters. Compared with the traditional methods, this method has the advantages of low-cost, mild preparation conditions, good controllability, and no limit to material and so on. With these obvious advantages, the technology offers researchers a tool to prepare diet microcapsules contain a variety of nutrients.

scholarly journals Valorization of Lignin as an Immobilizing Agent for Bioinoculant Production using Azospirillum brasilense as a Model Bacteria

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (24) ◽  
pp. 4613
Author(s):  
Victor Rogelio Tapia-Olivares ◽  
Eimy Alejandra Vazquez-Bello ◽  
Efrén Aguilar-Garnica ◽  
Froylán M.E. Escalante
Keyword(s):  
Azospirillum Brasilense ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Fluorescent Microscopy ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Agricultural Applications ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
The Stability

Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) have been largely considered as beneficial in harsh and limiting environments given their effects on alleviating plant stress. For practical applications, most of the PGPB are prepared in immobilization matrices to improve the stability and benefits of bacteria. Despite the long list of immobilizing agents/carriers tested to date, a long list of desired requirements is yet to be achieved. Here, lignin stands as a scarcely tested immobilizer for bioinoculants with great potential for this purpose. The aim of this work was to demonstrate the feasibility of lignin as a carrier of the nitrogen-fixing Azospirillum brasilense. These bacteria were cultured in liquid media with recovered organosolv lignin added for bacterial immobilization. Then, lignin was recovered and the immobilized biomass was quantified gravimetrically by DNA extraction and serial dilution plating. Fluorescent microscopy as well as Congo red agar plating showed the immobilization of the bacterial cells in the lignin matrix and crystal violet dyeing showed the biofilms formation in lignin particles. A high number of cells were counted per gram of dried lignin. Lignin can be readily used as low-cost, health-safe bioinoculant carrier to be used in soil and agricultural applications.

scholarly journals Automation of Vapour Pressure Osmometry measurements

1991 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 181-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Belaustegi ◽  
M. J. Citores ◽  
L. A. Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Computer Program ◽  
Vapour Pressure ◽  
Output Signal ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Time Stability ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
First Derivative ◽  
The Stability

A program has been developed for the control of Vapour Pressure Osmometry (VPO) measurements. The output signal of a Vapour Pressure Osmometer is read by an A/D converter card installed in one of the expansion slots of a PC microcomputer. The stability of the measurements is checked by analysing the first derivative of the smoothed signals, which is calculated in real time. Sets of repeated measurements are carried out under the supervision of a computer program as a check for their reproducibility. When the set is ended the program calculates the average and its standard deviation.The program is particularly valuable for evaluating VPO measurements for solution equilibria studies. This interfacing strategy may be applied to any kind of technique in which the time stability of the signals is the basis for defining measurement stability. The automated VPO has other advantages, including low cost and time saving.

scholarly journals Chemical Modification of Combusted Coal Gangue for U(VI) Adsorption: Towards a Waste Control by Waste Strategy

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8421
Author(s):  
Yuan Gao ◽  
Jiandong Huang ◽  
Meng Li ◽  
Zhongran Dai ◽  
Rongli Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Coal Gangue ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Detailed Structural Analysis ◽  
Alkaline Conditions

Uranium mining waste causes serious radiation-related health and environmental problems. This has encouraged efforts toward U(VI) removal with low cost and high efficiency. Typical uranium adsorbents, such as polymers, geopolymers, zeolites, and MOFs, and their associated high costs limit their practical applications. In this regard, this work found that the natural combusted coal gangue (CCG) could be a potential precursor of cheap sorbents to eliminate U(VI). The removal efficiency was modulated by chemical activation under acid and alkaline conditions, obtaining HCG (CCG activated with HCl) and KCG (CCG activated with KOH), respectively. The detailed structural analysis uncovered that those natural mineral substances, including quartz and kaolinite, were the main components in CCG and HCG. One of the key findings was that kalsilite formed in KCG under a mild synthetic condition can conspicuous enhance the affinity towards U(VI). The best equilibrium adsorption capacity with KCG was observed to be 140 mg/g under pH 6 within 120 min, following a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. To understand the improved adsorption performance, an adsorption mechanism was proposed by evaluating the pH of uranyl solutions, adsorbent dosage, as well as contact time. Combining with the structural analysis, this revealed that the uranyl adsorption process was mainly governed by chemisorption. This study gave rise to a utilization approach for CCG to obtain cost-effective adsorbents and paved a novel way towards eliminating uranium by a waste control by waste strategy.

scholarly journals Graphene Oxide/Reduced Graphene Oxide Enhanced Noniridescent Structural Colors Based on Silica Photonic Spray Paints with Improved Mechanical Robustness

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 949
Author(s):  
Jiali Yu ◽  
Cheng-Hao Lee ◽  
Chi-Wai Kan
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Reduced Graphene Oxide ◽  
Butyl Acrylate ◽  
Light Spectrum ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Abrasive Resistance ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Structural Colors ◽  
Color Saturation ◽  
Reduced Graphene

In contrast to traditional pigment colors, structural colors have developed a great potential in practical applications, thanks to their unique nonfading and color tunable properties; especially amorphous photonic structures with noniridescent structural colors have attracted considerable attention and their applications have expanded to more fields. Herein, graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) enhanced noniridescent structural colors with excellent mechanical robustness were established by a time-saving approach named spray coating, which allows for rapid fabrication of angular independent structural colors by spraying different photonic spray paints (PSPs) to ensure color multiplicity that was adjusted by the silica nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs) sizes onto the substrates. The incorporation of poly(methyl methacrylate-butyl acrylate) (PMB) improved the adhesion existing among SiO2 inter-nanoparticles and between SiO2 NPs and the substrates, taking advantages of the low glass transition temperature (Tg) of butyl acrylate derivative polymer and made PMB embedded PSPs coated patterns being imparted with good mechanical robustness and abrasive resistance. The peculiar light adsorption of GO and RGO across visible light spectrum facilitate higher color saturation. The improvement in color saturation of GO and RGO doped PSPs is expected to boost the promising applications in structurally colored paintings, inks and other color-related optical fields.

scholarly journals Preparation and photocatalytic performance of metallic Nb0.9Ta0.1S2/2D-C3N4 composite

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanxiang Chen ◽  
Jianjian Yi ◽  
Zhao Mo ◽  
Yanhua Song ◽  
Wenshu Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Separation Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Metal Sulfide ◽  
Electron Hole ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Energy And Environment ◽  
Photocatalytic Application ◽  
Light Utilization ◽  
Ternary Metal ◽  
Key Issues

Abstract Photocatalysis technology has potential application in the field of energy and environment. How to expand visible light utilization and promote the separation efficiency of the carriers are the key issues for the high active photocatalysts preparation and future practical applications. In this work, a ternary metal sulfide Nb0.9Ta0.1S2 was prepared and used as an electron collector in the photocatalytic application. As a result, the generated electrons are quickly transferred to the surface of the composite to participate in the reaction. It was demonstrated that the photocatalytic activity of 2D-C3N4 was enhanced after the modification of Nb0.9Ta0.1S2. The Nb0.9Ta0.1S2/2D-C3N4 composite material was synthesized by solvothermal method. The composition of 5% Nb0.9Ta0.1S2/2D-C3N4 showed the highest H2 evolution rate of 1961.6 μmolg−1h−1, which was 6.6 times that of 2D-C3N4. The 15% Nb0.9Ta0.1S2/2D-C3N4 exhibited the best activity in Rhodamine B degradation rate of 97% in 2 h, which is 50% higher than that of 2D-C3N4. Nb0.9Ta0.1S2/2D-C3N4 can be used as electron trap to promote the effective separation of electron–hole pairs. This work provides benchmarks in exploring low-cost and efficient cocatalyst.

scholarly journals A simple approach to prepare fluorescent molecularly imprinted nanoparticles

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 7732-7737
Author(s):  
Fenying Wang ◽  
Dan Wang ◽  
Tingting Wang ◽  
Yu Jin ◽  
Baoping Ling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Silica Sol ◽  
Simple Approach ◽  
Imprinted Polymer ◽  
Molecularly Imprinted ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Good Biocompatibility ◽  
Molecularly Imprinted Nanoparticles

Fluorescent molecularly imprinted polymer (FMIP) gains great attention in many fields due to their low cost, good biocompatibility and low toxicity. Here, a high-performance FMIP was prepared based on the autocatalytic silica sol–gel reaction.

scholarly journals Generation of High-Yield, Functional Oligodendrocytes from a c-myc Immortalized Neural Cell Line, Endowed with Staminal Properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1124
Author(s):  
Mafalda Giovanna Reccia ◽  
Floriana Volpicelli ◽  
Eirkiur Benedikz ◽  
Åsa Fex Svenningsen ◽  
Luca Colucci-D’Amato
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Neural Cell ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Interacting Protein ◽  
Neuronal Marker ◽  
Differentiation Status

Neural stem cells represent a powerful tool to study molecules involved in pathophysiology of Nervous System and to discover new drugs. Although they can be cultured and expanded in vitro as a primary culture, their use is hampered by their heterogeneity and by the cost and time needed for their preparation. Here we report that mes-c-myc A1 cells (A1), a neural cell line, is endowed with staminal properties. Undifferentiated/proliferating and differentiated/non-proliferating A1 cells are able to generate neurospheres (Ns) in which gene expression parallels the original differentiation status. In fact, Ns derived from undifferentiated A1 cells express higher levels of Nestin, Kruppel-like factor 4 (Klf4) and glial fibrillary protein (GFAP), markers of stemness, while those obtained from differentiated A1 cells show higher levels of the neuronal marker beta III tubulin. Interestingly, Ns differentiation, by Epidermal Growth Factors (EGF) and Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 (bFGF) withdrawal, generates oligodendrocytes at high-yield as shown by the expression of markers, Galactosylceramidase (Gal-C) Neuron-Glial antigen 2 (NG2), Receptor-Interacting Protein (RIP) and Myelin Basic Protein (MBP). Finally, upon co-culture, Ns-A1-derived oligodendrocytes cause a redistribution of contactin-associated protein (Caspr/paranodin) protein on neuronal cells, as primary oligodendrocytes cultures, suggesting that they are able to form compact myelin. Thus, Ns-A1-derived oligodendrocytes may represent a time-saving and low-cost tool to study the pathophysiology of oligodendrocytes and to test new drugs.

scholarly journals Determination of Objective Weights Using a New Method Based on the Removal Effects of Criteria (MEREC)

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Keshavarz-Ghorabaee ◽  
Maghsoud Amiri ◽  
Edmundas Kazimieras Zavadskas ◽  
Zenonas Turskis ◽  
Jurgita Antucheviciene
Keyword(s):  
Essential Elements ◽  
New Method ◽  
Multi Criteria Decision Making ◽  
Analysis Of Means ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Criteria Weights ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Computational Analyses ◽  
Weighting Methods

The weights of criteria in multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problems are essential elements that can significantly affect the results. Accordingly, researchers developed and presented several methods to determine criteria weights. Weighting methods could be objective, subjective, and integrated. This study introduces a new method, called MEREC (MEthod based on the Removal Effects of Criteria), to determine criteria’ objective weights. This method uses a novel idea for weighting criteria. After systematically introducing the method, we present some computational analyses to confirm the efficiency of the MEREC. Firstly, an illustrative example demonstrates the procedure of the MEREC for calculation of the weights of criteria. Secondly, a comparative analysis is presented through an example for validation of the introduced method’s results. Additionally, we perform a simulation-based analysis to verify the reliability of MEREC and the stability of its results. The data of the MCDM problems generated for making this analysis follow a prevalent symmetric distribution (normal distribution). We compare the results of the MEREC with some other objective weighting methods in this analysis, and the analysis of means (ANOM) for variances shows the stability of its results. The conducted analyses demonstrate that the MEREC is efficient to determine objective weights of criteria.

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