scholarly journals Rapid Assembly of Multifunctional Thin Film Sensors for Wind Turbine Blade Monitoring

2013 ◽  
Vol 569-570 ◽  
pp. 515-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars P. Mortensen ◽  
Dong Hyeon Ryu ◽  
Ying Jun Zhao ◽  
Kenneth J. Loh
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Impact Damage ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Electromechanical Properties ◽  
Thin Film Sensors ◽  
Frp Composite ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
Operations And Maintenance

Wind is a competitive, clean, and fast-growing renewable energy industry. However, in order for wind to compete with fossil fuel-based energies, it is necessary to achieve lower cost of energy. One way is to reduce operations and maintenance costs by integrating structural health monitoring (SHM) systems with wind turbines. It has been found that the fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite-based wind blades are susceptible to damage (e.g., cracks, debonding, and impact). Damage is typically invisible to the naked eye and can propagate rapidly to cause sudden failure. This work presents a new SHM approach using embedded thin film sensors for detecting damage in FRP-based wind blades. While previous studies have shown that carbon nanotube-based thin films can be incorporated with FRPs for sensing, this study further investigates their electromechanical properties. First, a unique spray fabrication approach was employed so that films can be assembled on a low cost basis and can be deposited onto any substrate or structure. Second, the electrical properties of films subjected to post-fabrication thermal annealing were compared. Finally, freestanding films were prepared and subjected to uniaxial tensile cyclic loading while their resistivity was measured simultaneously. The results showed that these films were piezoresistive.

Conductimetric Detection of Protein and Cancer Cells with Oxide Nanosensors

2007 ◽  
Vol 1010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janagama Goud ◽  
P. Markondeya Raj ◽  
Jin Liu ◽  
Mahadevan Iyer ◽  
Z. L. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Gas Sensing ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Electrochemical Techniques ◽  
Oxide Thin Film ◽  
Thin Film Sensors ◽  
Biochemical Sensing ◽  
Rabbit Igg ◽  
Thin Film Oxides

AbstractSemiconducting oxides are widely known and commercially applied for their gas sensing properties. However, biochemical sensing has mostly depended on optical and electrochemical techniques that are more cumbersome. This work investigates the biosensing characteristics of ZnO nanobelts and ZnO thin films. Zinc oxide thin film sensors showed changes in conductivity after protein functionalization with rabbit IgG and hybridization with anti-rabbit IgG. Conductivity changes were also measured after coating the oxides with MCF-7 cancer cells and its antibodies. In another set of experiments, ZnO nanobelts showed systematic conductivity changes with rabbit IgG protein hybridization. The experimental results in this paper indicate that the conductimetric properties of nano and thin film oxides can be sensitized to protein and cancer cell hybridization reactions. This technique can also be applied to certain other pathogen proteins or toxic proteins from the environment leading to low-cost miniaturized wireless biosensors.

scholarly journals Self-made 3D-printed encapsulation of thin-film transducers for reliable force measurement in biomedical applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffaele Pertusio ◽  
Silvestro Roatta
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Force Measurement ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
The Body ◽  
Reliable Measure ◽  
Thin Film Sensors ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
External Stimuli ◽  
Accuracy And Repeatability

In biomedical studies as well as in clinical trials, it is often useful to have a reliable measure of the force exerted by the body(eg. clenching force at the teeth or pinch force at fingertips) or on the body by external stimuli (eg. taps to elicit reflexes orlocal pressure for nociceptive stimulation). Thin-film sensors such as FlexiForce ® provide a very handy and versatile solutionfor these application, but can be easily damaged and offer poor accuracy and repeatability, being heavily affected by thesurface material they get in contact with. The aim of the study is the realization of a 3D-printed cover that completely embedsthe sensor, thus providing mechanical protection and increasing reliability of the measurement. The increasing availability of3D printers and of printing materials for medical use allows the user to shape the cover according to specific needs, with shortdeveloping time and low cost.

Challenges and Opportunities for Improving Thin-Film Photovoltaics

MRS Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (41) ◽  
pp. 2827-2832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inna Kozinsky ◽  
Brion Bob ◽  
Rebecca Jones-Albertus
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Thin Film Photovoltaics ◽  
Utility Scale ◽  
Efficiency And Reliability ◽  
National Effort

ABSTRACTThe U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)’s SunShot Initiative is a collaborative national effort to reduce the price of solar energy to 6¢/kWh without subsidy for utility scale installations by 2020. Thin-film photovoltaics offer a promising path to reach this goal. Analysis of the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) from photovoltaics (PV) highlights the dependence on the module and system efficiency and lifetime in addition to module price. Here we summarize challenges and opportunities for CdTe and CIGS PV research and show that a substantial effort is still needed in areas such as device design and material improvement to reach higher efficiency and reliability connected with low-cost and robust module-scale implementation. We also discuss how SunShot Initiative funding is addressing key research areas in CdTe and CIGS PV and show how recent progress in SunShot projects is guiding funding priorities in thin-film PV research.

scholarly journals Highly sensitive ethylene glycol-doped PEDOT–PSS organic thin films for LPG sensing

RSC Advances ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (32) ◽  
pp. 18074-18083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Apsar Pasha ◽  
Syed Khasim ◽  
Omar A. Al-Hartomy ◽  
Mohana Lakshmi ◽  
K. G. Manjunatha
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Organic Thin Films ◽  
Organic Thin Film ◽  
Thin Film Sensors ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
First Time ◽  
Lpg Sensing

In this study, for the first time we report the fabrication of low-cost ethylene glycol (EG)-doped PEDOT–PSS (poly 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene:polystyrene sulfonate) organic thin film sensors for the detection of LPG at room temperature.

Transmission Electron Microscopy of oriented Co84Cr14Ta2 thin films for longitudinal magnetic recording

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 756-757
Author(s):  
T. P. Nolan
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
Information Storage ◽  
High Coercivity ◽  
Magnetic Alloy ◽  
Magnetic Media ◽  
Transmission Electron

Thin film magnetic media are being used as low cost, high density forms of information storage. The development of this technology requires the study, at the sub-micron level, of morphological, crystallographic, and magnetic properties, throughout the depth of the deposited films. As the microstructure becomes increasingly fine, widi grain sizes approaching 100Å, the unique characterization capabilities of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) have become indispensable to the analysis of such thin film magnetic media.Films were deposited at 225°C, on two NiP plated Al substrates, one polished, and one circumferentially textured with a mean roughness of 55Å. Three layers, a 750Å chromium underlayer, a 600Å layer of magnetic alloy of composition Co84Cr14Ta2, and a 300Å amorphous carbon overcoat were then sputter deposited using a dc magnetron system at a power of 1kW, in a chamber evacuated below 10-6 torr and filled to 12μm Ar pressure. The textured medium is presently used in industry owing to its high coercivity, Hc, and relatively low noise. One important feature is that the coercivity in the circumferential read/write direction is significandy higher than that in the radial direction.

scholarly journals Development of thin-film based sensors for temperature and tool wear monitoring during machining

2020 ◽  
Vol 87 (12) ◽  
pp. 768-776
Author(s):  
Marcel Plogmeyer ◽  
Germán González ◽  
Volker Schulze ◽  
Günter Bräuer
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Physical Vapor Deposition ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Insulation Layer ◽  
Sensor Layer ◽  
Thin Film Sensors ◽  
Wear Protection ◽  
Cutting Inserts ◽  
Wear Monitoring ◽  
Machining Operations

AbstractThe development of thin-film sensors for temperature and wear measurement in machining operations is presented in this work. A functional thin-film system, consisting of an Al2O3 insulation layer, a chromium sensor layer structured by photolithography and an Al2O3 wear-protection and insulation layer, is deposited by physical vapor deposition (PVD) processes onto the surface of cemented carbide cutting inserts. First specimen of the sensors are successfully fabricated and tested in laboratory experiments as well as in machining operations to demonstrate their functionality. These tool-integrated sensors can be used as an in-process monitoring device to determine the temperatures on the rake face at or close to the tool-chip contact area and to measure the progress of the flank-wear land width. The knowledge of these important process parameters opens up the possibility to develop new in-process control mechanisms in order to modify and improve the surface integrity of manufactured components. Thereby, their performance and lifetime can be enhanced.

scholarly journals Performance Improvement of ZnSnO Thin-Film Transistors with Low-Temperature Self-Combustion Reaction

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1099
Author(s):  
Ye-Ji Han ◽  
Se Hyeong Lee ◽  
So-Young Bak ◽  
Tae-Hee Han ◽  
Sangwoo Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Thermal Analyses ◽  
Thin Film Transistor ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Annealing Temperatures ◽  
Zinc Tin Oxide ◽  
Thermal Limitation

Conventional sol-gel solutions have received significant attention in thin-film transistor (TFT) manufacturing because of their advantages such as simple processing, large-scale applicability, and low cost. However, conventional sol-gel processed zinc tin oxide (ZTO) TFTs have a thermal limitation in that they require high annealing temperatures of more than 500 °C, which are incompatible with most flexible plastic substrates. In this study, to overcome the thermal limitation of conventional sol-gel processed ZTO TFTs, we demonstrated a ZTO TFT that was fabricated at low annealing temperatures of 350 °C using self-combustion. The optimized device exhibited satisfactory performance, with μsat of 4.72 cm2/V∙s, Vth of −1.28 V, SS of 0.86 V/decade, and ION/OFF of 1.70 × 106 at a low annealing temperature of 350 °C for one hour. To compare a conventional sol-gel processed ZTO TFT with the optimized device, thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses (TG-DTA) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were implemented.

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