Novel Membrane Suitable for Membrane Distillation: Effect of Mixed Nanofillers on the Membrane Performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 801 ◽  
pp. 325-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed R. El-Marghany ◽  
Ahmed H. El-Shazly ◽  
Mohamed Sameh Abdalghany Salem ◽  
Mohamed Nabil Sabry ◽  
Norhan Nady
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Vinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Membrane Distillation ◽  
Polymeric Membrane ◽  
Sodium Chloride Concentration ◽  
Electrospinning Technique ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Membrane Performance

The aim of the present work is to investigate the performance of a newly fabricated membrane used for the membrane distillation process. Both titanium dioxide nanorods and multi-walled carbon nanotubes together were dispersed inside Poly (vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) membrane. Both pure PVDF-HFP and its composite membrane with the two fillers together PVDF-HFP/TiO2-CNTs were fabricated using electrospinning technique and were imaged by using SEM. Both the fiber diameter and the average pore diameter were calculated by using ImageJ software. Static water contact angle, membrane porosity, liquid enter pressure were determined. Moreover, the membrane performance was determined by using membrane distillation (MD) system for desalination. The effect of the feed conditions such as feed temperature, flow rate, and salt concentration, were studied. The obtained results confirm the improvement in the membrane productivity up to 46% at 9000 ppm sodium chloride concentration and by about 13.7% than the pure polymeric membrane at the highest used feed sodium chloride concentration (36000 ppm).

scholarly journals Characterization of Virus Adsorption by Using DEAE-Sepharose and Octyl-Sepharose

2002 ◽  
Vol 68 (8) ◽  
pp. 3965-3968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia A. Shields ◽  
Samuel R. Farrah
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Electrostatic Interactions ◽  
Hydrophobic Interactions ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Sodium Chloride Concentration ◽  
Virus Adsorption ◽  
Nacl Concentration

ABSTRACT Viruses were characterized by their adsorption to DEAE-Sepharose or by their elution from octyl-Sepharose by using buffered solutions of sodium chloride with different ionic strengths. Viruses whose adsorption to DEAE-Sepharose was reduced most rapidly by an increase in the sodium chloride concentration were considered to have the weakest electrostatic interactions with the solids; these viruses included MS2, E1, and φX174. Viruses whose adsorption to DEAE-Sepharose was reduced least rapidly were considered to have the strongest electrostatic interactions with the column; these viruses included P1, T4, T2, and E5. All of the viruses studied adsorbed to octyl-Sepharose in the presence of 4 M NaCl. Viruses that were eluted most rapidly following a decrease in the concentration of NaCl were considered to have the weakest hydrophobic interactions with the column; these viruses included φX174, CB4, and E1. Viruses that were eluted least rapidly from the columns after the NaCl concentration was decreased were considered to have the strongest hydrophobic interactions with the column; these viruses included f2, MS2, and E5.

scholarly journals Plant Response to Saline Substrates II. Chloride, Sodium, and Potassium Uptake and Translocation in Young Plants of Hordeum Vulgare During and After a Short Sodium Chloride Treatment

1962 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Greenway
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Plant Response ◽  
Potassium Uptake ◽  
Sodium Chloride Concentration ◽  
Subsequent Response ◽  
Chloride Treatment ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

Young barley plants, Hordeum vulgare cv. Chevron, were subjected to a sodium chloride concentration of 100 m-equiv/l. In a "continued" treatment, the salinity stress was maintained for 15 days. In a "removed" treatment, sodium chloride was removed from the substrate after 5 days, and the subsequent response was studied over a period of 10 days.

Effect of sodium chloride concentration and temperature on melphalan stability during storage and use

1994 ◽  
Vol 51 (21) ◽  
pp. 2701-2704
Author(s):  
F. Pinguet ◽  
P. Martel ◽  
P. Rouanet ◽  
M. Fabbro ◽  
C. Astre
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Sodium Chloride Concentration

scholarly journals Reduction of Biofouling of a Microfiltration Membrane Using Amide Functionalities—Hydrophilization without Changes in Morphology

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1379
Author(s):  
Daniel Breite ◽  
Marco Went ◽  
Andrea Prager ◽  
Mathias Kühnert ◽  
Agnes Schulze
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Average Pore Size ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Hydrophobic Membrane ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Microfiltration Membrane ◽  
Membrane Performance

A major goal of membrane science is the improvement of the membrane performance and the reduction of fouling effects, which occur during most aqueous filtration applications. Increasing the surface hydrophilicity can improve the membrane performance (in case of aqueous media) and decelerates membrane fouling. In this study, a PES microfiltration membrane (14,600 L m−2 h−1 bar−1) was hydrophilized using a hydrophilic surface coating based on amide functionalities, converting the hydrophobic membrane surface (water contact angle, WCA: ~90°) into an extremely hydrophilic one (WCA: ~30°). The amide layer was created by first immobilizing piperazine to the membrane surface via electron beam irradiation. Subsequently, a reaction with 1,3,5-benzenetricarbonyl trichloride (TMC) was applied to generate an amide structure. The presented approach resulted in a hydrophilic membrane surface, while maintaining permeance of the membrane without pore blocking. All membranes were investigated regarding their permeance, porosity, average pore size, morphology (SEM), chemical composition (XPS), and wettability. Soxhlet extraction was carried out to demonstrate the stability of the applied coating. The improvement of the modified membranes was demonstrated using dead-end filtration of algae solutions. After three fouling cycles, about 60% of the initial permeance remain for the modified membranes, while only ~25% remain for the reference.

Studies on the Growth of Stichococcus Bacillaris Naeg in Culture

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hayward
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Sodium Chloride Concentration ◽  
Freshwater Organism ◽  
Ionic Concentrations ◽  
Morphogenetic Effects ◽  
Stichococcus Bacillaris

Stichococcus bacillaris has been grown under conditions of varying ionic concentrations. Sodium chloride appears to be the dominant compound in determining growth of this euryhaline alga and from the reaction to increased sodium chloride concentration it is postulated that S. bacillaris is a freshwater organism which can tolerate high salinities. Some morphogenetic effects of high salinity are described.

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