Search for the Evaluation of ‘strength-plasticity’ Relation in Constructional Steel

2020 ◽  
Vol 864 ◽  
pp. 211-216
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Volchuk ◽  
Serhii Ivantsov ◽  
Ihor Tiutieriev ◽  
Andrii Fortyhin
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Constructional Steel ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Metal Structures ◽  
Fractal Approach ◽  
Strength Limit ◽  
Value Range ◽  
Strength And Plasticity

The work considers the approach determining suboptimal relation of strength and plasticity by the example of low-carbon constructional steel 3 (0.14...0.22 % С), which is widely used in metal structures. As parameters for the research, the elements of chemical composition and properties of ferrite-pearlite structure of steel were taken. For the reliability of the obtained results for the evaluation of structure, its quantitative analysis was carried out either by traditional methods or by fractal approach. Combining operating regions of the values of steel properties depending on the chemical composition and area and fractal dimension of pearlite, we got the diagram of the region of compromise for indices of strength limit σВ, σ0,2 and specific elongation δ. Areas with suboptimal relations σВ/δ and σ0.2/δ were defined in the region of compromise for quality criteria. The application of the given approach allows (while adhering to steel production process) to predict areas with stable suboptimal relations for strength and plasticity indices by selecting value range for the elements of chemical composition and analysis of structure.

The Introduction of the Chemical Composition in IF Steel Control

2014 ◽  
Vol 651-653 ◽  
pp. 141-144
Author(s):  
Xiao Lei Zhou ◽  
Zhe Shi ◽  
Gui Fang Zhang ◽  
Yue Hua Ding ◽  
Xiao Yuan Yang
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
If Steel ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Steel Smelting ◽  
Steel Composition ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Development Status ◽  
Process Characteristics ◽  
Automobile Panel

The background,development status and chemical composition controls technologies of IF steel smelting was introduced. In China, IF steel production has reached a certain scale, but is still in the primary stage of development.Liquid steel composition characteristics of IF steel is ultra-low carbon and nitrogen, micro alloying and pure steel. The automobile panel with defect free surface is produced, that must be accurate control of IF steel in carbon, nitrogen and other elements.According to the operating state, IF Steel process characteristics and chemical composition controls technologies weresummarized.

Thermomechanical Treatment of a 4340 Ni-Cr-Mo Alloy Steel

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 314-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.T. Jahn ◽  
J.C. Yang ◽  
C.M. Wan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Property ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Alloy Steel ◽  
Thermomechanical Treatment ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Good Combination ◽  
Thermal Treatments ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
4340 Steel ◽  
Good Improvement

4340 Ni-Cr-Mo alloy steel is widely used due to its good combination of strength and toughness. The mechanical property of 4340 steel can be improved by various thermal treatments. The influence of thermomechanical treatment (TMT) has been studied in a low carbon Ni-Cr-Mo steel having chemical composition closed to 4340 steel. TMT of 4340 steel is rarely examined up to now. In this study we obtain good improvement on the mechanical property of 4340 steel by TMT. The mechanism is explained in terms of TEM microstructures4340 (0.39C-1.81Ni-0.93Cr-0.26Mo) steel was austenitized at 950°C for 30 minutes. The TMTed specimen (T) was obtained by forging the specimen continuously as the temperature of the specimen was decreasing from 950°C to 600°C followed by oil quenching to room temperature. The thickness reduction ratio by forging is 40%. The conventional specimen (C) was obtained by quenching the specimen directly into room temperature oil after austenitized at 950°C for 30 minutes. All quenched specimens (T and C) were then tempered at 450, 500, 550, 600 or 650°C for four hours respectively.

scholarly journals Towards Deep Decarbonisation of Energy-Intensive Industries: A Review of Current Status, Technologies and Policies

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2408
Author(s):  
Anissa Nurdiawati ◽  
Frauke Urban
Keyword(s):  
Technological Development ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Political Support ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Price Support ◽  
Reference Case ◽  
Technological Trajectories ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Energy Intensive Industries

Industries account for about 30% of total final energy consumption worldwide and about 20% of global CO2 emissions. While transitions towards renewable energy have occurred in many parts of the world in the energy sectors, the industrial sectors have been lagging behind. Decarbonising the energy-intensive industrial sectors is however important for mitigating emissions leading to climate change. This paper analyses various technological trajectories and key policies for decarbonising energy-intensive industries: steel, mining and minerals, cement, pulp and paper and refinery. Electrification, fuel switching to low carbon fuels together with technological breakthroughs such as fossil-free steel production and CCS are required to bring emissions from energy-intensive industry down to net-zero. A long-term credible carbon price, support for technological development in various parts of the innovation chain, policies for creating markets for low-carbon materials and the right condition for electrification and increased use of biofuels will be essential for a successful transition towards carbon neutrality. The study focuses on Sweden as a reference case, as it is one of the most advanced countries in the decarbonisation of industries. The paper concludes that it may be technically feasible to deep decarbonise energy-intensive industries by 2045, given financial and political support.

scholarly journals The Cracking Mechanism of Ferritic-Austenitic Cast Steel

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 153-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Stradomski
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Cast Steel ◽  
Hot Cracking ◽  
Hadfield Steel ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Secondary Phases ◽  
High Tendency ◽  
Iron Manganese ◽  
Low Solubility

Abstract In the high-alloy, ferritic - austenitic (duplex) stainless steels high tendency to cracking, mainly hot-is induced by micro segregation processes and change of crystallization mechanism in its final stage. The article is a continuation of the problems presented in earlier papers [1 - 4]. In the range of high temperature cracking appear one mechanism a decohesion - intergranular however, depending on the chemical composition of the steel, various structural factors decide of the occurrence of hot cracking. The low-carbon and low-alloy cast steel casting hot cracking cause are type II sulphide, in high carbon tool cast steel secondary cementite mesh and / or ledeburite segregated at the grain solidified grains boundaries, in the case of Hadfield steel phosphorus - carbide eutectic, which carrier is iron-manganese and low solubility of phosphorus in high manganese matrix. In duplex cast steel the additional factor increasing the risk of cracking it is very “rich” chemical composition and related with it processes of precipitation of many secondary phases.

scholarly journals Pathways for Low-Carbon Transition of the Steel Industry—A Swedish Case Study

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 3840
Author(s):  
Alla Toktarova ◽  
Ida Karlsson ◽  
Johan Rootzén ◽  
Lisa Göransson ◽  
Mikael Odenberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Steel Industry ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Direct Reduction ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Production Plant ◽  
Low Carbon

The concept of techno-economic pathways is used to investigate the potential implementation of CO2 abatement measures over time towards zero-emission steelmaking in Sweden. The following mitigation measures are investigated and combined in three pathways: top gas recycling blast furnace (TGRBF); carbon capture and storage (CCS); substitution of pulverized coal injection (PCI) with biomass; hydrogen direct reduction of iron ore (H-DR); and electric arc furnace (EAF), where fossil fuels are replaced with biomass. The results show that CCS in combination with biomass substitution in the blast furnace and a replacement primary steel production plant with EAF with biomass (Pathway 1) yield CO2 emission reductions of 83% in 2045 compared to CO2 emissions with current steel process configurations. Electrification of the primary steel production in terms of H-DR/EAF process (Pathway 2), could result in almost fossil-free steel production, and Sweden could achieve a 10% reduction in total CO2 emissions. Finally, (Pathway 3) we show that increased production of hot briquetted iron pellets (HBI), could lead to decarbonization of the steel industry outside Sweden, assuming that the exported HBI will be converted via EAF and the receiving country has a decarbonized power sector.

scholarly journals Techno-Economic and Environmental Evaluations of Decarbonized Fossil-Intensive Industrial Processes by Reactive Absorption & Adsorption CO2 Capture Systems

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana-Maria Cormos ◽  
Simion Dragan ◽  
Letitia Petrescu ◽  
Vlad Sandu ◽  
Calin-Cristian Cormos
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Co2 Capture ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Industrial Processes ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Cement Production ◽  
Liquid Chemical ◽  
Co2 Capture Systems

Decarbonization of energy-intensive systems (e.g., heat and power generation, iron, and steel production, petrochemical processes, cement production, etc.) is an important task for the development of a low carbon economy. In this respect, carbon capture technologies will play an important role in the decarbonization of fossil-based industrial processes. The most significant techno-economic and environmental performance indicators of various fossil-based industrial applications decarbonized by two reactive gas-liquid (chemical scrubbing) and gas-solid CO2 capture systems are calculated, compared, and discussed in the present work. As decarbonization technologies, the gas-liquid chemical absorption and more innovative calcium looping systems were employed. The integrated assessment uses various elements, e.g., conceptual design of decarbonized plants, computer-aided tools for process design and integration, evaluation of main plant performance indexes based on industrial and simulation results, etc. The overall decarbonization rate for various assessed applications (e.g., power generation, steel, and cement production, chemicals) was set to 90% in line with the current state of the art in the field. Similar non-carbon capture plants are also assessed to quantify the various penalties imposed by decarbonization (e.g., increasing energy consumption, reducing efficiency, economic impact, etc.). The integrated evaluations exhibit that the integration of decarbonization technologies (especially chemical looping systems) into key energy-intensive industrial processes have significant advantages for cutting the carbon footprint (60–90% specific CO2 emission reduction), improving the energy conversion yields and reducing CO2 capture penalties.

Integration and Characterization of Low Carbon Content SiOxCyHz Low κ Materials for < 0.18μm[ Dual Damascene Application

2000 ◽  
Vol 612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ju-Hyung Lee ◽  
Nasreen Chopra ◽  
Jim Ma ◽  
Yung-Cheng Lu ◽  
Tzu-Fang Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Moisture Absorption ◽  
Compositional Analysis ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Network Structures ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Film Density

AbstractA CVD-based low κ film was evaluated for inter-metal dielectric in < 0.18 [.proportional]m generation devices. The film was deposited by conventional rf PECVD method using organosilane compound and oxygen. The measured dielectric constant of the film was 2.7∼2.75. The κ value of the film was stable over several weeks and the moisture absorption was minimal. The chemical composition was in the form of SiOxCyHz, where the carbon content was less than 5 atomic %. Blanket film integration study was conducted to find out the manufacturing compatibility. The largest increase in κ value occurred during etching and ashing steps. However, SIMS compositional analysis revealed that the damage from these steps were limited to within top 300 Å, and the initial low κ value was recovered after the top damaged layer was removed by CMP. The final integrated dielectric constant was less than 3.0. The film density was measured as 1.4, compared to 2.3 g/cm3 of conventional SiO2. The low density of the film resulted from the termination of SiO2 network structures by Si-CH3 and Si-H.

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