Places and Causes of Mismanaged Plastic Materials in the Life Cycle of Flexible Plastic Packaging Based on Mechanical Recycling Context

2021 ◽  
Vol 888 ◽  
pp. 129-138
Author(s):  
Munzir Hadengganan ◽  
Djoko Sihono Gabriel
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Plastic Material ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Mechanical Recycling ◽  
Rigid Plastic ◽  
Plastic Packaging ◽  
Quality Degradation ◽  
Plastic Materials

Plastic waste has become a big issue in the world for its large amount of plastic waste in the sea. Most of the plastic waste is plastic packaging which consists of flexible and rigid plastic packaging. This research discusses flexible plastic packaging. Until now, most researches on the loss of plastic materials discuss how to manage plastic waste disposal once it has been used by community: only a few discuss production cycle: while none of them discusses flexible plastic packaging area. This research aims to examine the number of mismanaged materials throughout flexible plastic packaging life cycle using a combination of Material Flow Analysis (MFA) and Life Cycle Analysis (LCA). Based on the literature review, interviews and observations conducted by the author to all stakeholders in the life cycle of flexible plastic packaging, mismanagement of plastic material occurred in each cycle, mostly caused by quality degradation of flexible plastic that could cause plastic waste was not acceptable in the mechanical recycle. The results of this study show that: (1) mismanaged material occurred in all cycles throughout the life cycles of flexible plastic packaging, (2) quality degradation is the main caused of mismanaged material in several cycles, and (3) the mismanaged materials in the life cycle of flexible plastic packaging were 98.29%.

scholarly journals STUDY OF DEFECT ON 180 ML HDPE BOTTLES YOGURT PRODUCTS WITH SMC B11 EXTRUSION BLOW MACHINE AT PT X

KREATOR ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tommy Prasetya Kana ◽  
Handika Dany Rahmayanti ◽  
HM Didik
Keyword(s):  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Plastic Material ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Molding Process ◽  
Plastic Packaging ◽  
Cycle Times ◽  
Blow Molding ◽  
Plastic Bottle ◽  
Extrusion Blow Molding ◽  
Stretch Blow Molding

The type of plastic packaging that is popular in the community is bottle packaging. The plastic material that is generally used to make plastic bottles is High Density Polyethylene (HDPE). The plastic bottle industry in Indonesia usually uses a blow molding process in its production process, where the blow molding process consists of injection blow molding, extrusion blow molding and stretch blow molding. The SMC B11 machine is one of the extrusion blow molding machines used to produce plastic bottle packaging. In producing workpieces, this machine still produces several products that are not in accordance with company standards, including in terms of production cycle times and product defects. Defects or defects that are often encountered include the appearance of spots, bent parison which causes the bottle to bend (the bottle body is thin one side) and blow pin which causes the thread to not fit.Keywords— Bottle, Plastic, Defect, Extrussion Blow Molding

scholarly journals Combustibles alternativos para motores de combustión interna obtenidos a partir de residuos plásticos

2019 ◽  
pp. 22-29
Author(s):  
José Manuel Riesco-Ávila ◽  
David Alejandro Rodríguez-Valderrama ◽  
Diana Marcela Pardo-Cely ◽  
Francisco Elizalde- Blancas
Keyword(s):  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Distillation Process ◽  
Pyrolysis Process ◽  
Mechanical Recycling ◽  
Heavy Hydrocarbons ◽  
Plastic Materials ◽  
Rapid Pyrolysis

Of the different methods for recycling plastic, pyrolysis offers the possibility to overcome the limitations of mechanical recycling, which requires large amounts of clean, separate and homogeneous plastic waste to ensure the quality of the final product. Pyrolysis is the chemical decomposition of plastic materials by thermal degradation in the absence of oxygen. The plastic waste is introduced into a chamber, where it is subjected to high temperatures, and the gases generated are condensed in order to obtain a distillate hydrocarbon. This paper presents the results obtained from the pyrolysis of plastic waste mixtures of polypropylene, high density polyethylene, and low density polyethylene. In a first stage, the plastic waste is subjected to a rapid pyrolysis process at temperatures of 440-450 °C, obtaining a mixture of heavy hydrocarbons. Subsequently, these hydrocarbons are subjected to a distillation process, first at a temperature of 180 °C, where a hydrocarbon with properties similar to those of gasoline is obtained, and then at a temperature of 360 °C, yielding a hydrocarbon with properties similar to those of diesel.

Repetitive Implementation of Material Value Conservation and its Effects on the Mechanical Properties of Plastic Recycling Products

2018 ◽  
Vol 936 ◽  
pp. 116-120
Author(s):  
Rahmat Nurcahyo ◽  
Djoko Sihono Gabriel ◽  
Wakhid L. Ikhsan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Plastic Packaging ◽  
Plastic Recycling ◽  
Design Activities ◽  
Contaminated Waste ◽  
American Society ◽  
Plastic Pellets

Impurity and contaminated waste of flexible plastic packaging will not be viable as raw materials for secondary recycling. This problem could be avoided by repetitive implementation of material value conservation through material purity protection since the product design activities up to the end of packaging life cycle. This paradigm also creates new sequential life cycles of products rather than once when only virgin materials were used as raw materials. With repetitive implementation of material value conservation and serial testing in a polymer laboratory, a type of virgin plastic pellet recycled up to the 8th stage of secondary recycling, and then the mechanical properties of materials tested according to the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards. This research revealed that flexible plastic packaging materials that managed by Material Value Conservation (MVC) implementations were suitable for secondary recycling in producing the viable quality of recycled plastic pellets in mechanical properties measures, and leverage the potential of virgin plastic pellets utilization. Because of MVC implementations protected the purity of materials intensively, and then increased the value of recycled plastic pellets as raw materials for the new life cycle of plastic products.

scholarly journals The Problem of Plastic Waste and Microplastics in the Seas and Oceans: Impact on Marine Organisms

2019 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonia Kurtela ◽  
Nenad Antolović
Keyword(s):  
Sea Water ◽  
Plastic Material ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Marine Organisms ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
The Public ◽  
Plastic Materials ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
State Organizations

Abstract A global problem of today is the large amount of waste in the seas and oceans, primarily plastic waste. It is estimated that every year 1.25 to 2.41 million tons of plastic material is being carried by rivers into the seas and oceans. Waste is a major problem for marine organisms, causing entanglement, choking, strangulation, malnutrition and death. In 1972 the problems caused by microplastics, particles smaller than 5 mm, were first observed. Such particles bind pathogenic microorganisms on to their surface. Increasing quantities of microplastics have been found in the stomachs of fish, and also in shellfish that feed by filtering sea water. Ingested by marine organisms, such plastics may eventually pass through the food web and can end up ingested by humans. In addition, plastic releases chemical compounds whose effect on marine organisms and humans has still not been studied. Many international and state organizations offer solutions through recycling plastic waste, as well as reducing the production of plastic materials and informing the public about the problem.

scholarly journals Study on the Use of a Variety of Plastic Materials in a Mixture of High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) in a Mixture Based on Wear AC-WC Layers (Asphalt Concrete Wearing Course)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-41
Author(s):  
Suprayitno Suprayitno ◽  
Sri Wiwoho Mudjanarko
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Flexible Pavement ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
High Density ◽  
Rigid Pavement ◽  
Plastic Packaging ◽  
Plastic Materials ◽  
Normal Composition ◽  
Asphalt Content

Roads with flexible pavement are pavements that use asphalt as an aggregate binder, so they are much in demand rather than rigid pavement. Road infrastructure requires maintenance whose conditions must be maintained on an ongoing basis. The use of plastic packaging cannot be separated in everyday life. HDPE (High density polyethylene) is high density polyethylene. Based on the problem of the amount of used plastic waste currently available, this research is needed to find out how well the pavement uses the use of HDPE (High Density Polyethylene) plastic as mixed plastic waste. After testing the laboratory and analyzing it according to the General Highway Specifications for normal composition 1 without a mixture of 0%, the asphalt content that meets all the requirements is estimated at asphalt level between 5.6% - 6%. Whereas in composition 2-4 with HPDE plastic waste 4%, 8%, and 12%. From the results of the research with 4 different compositions, it is obtained that the optimal asphalt content composition of HDPE plastic mixture is 0-12% which meets the VIM and stability an optimal 8% HDPE plastic mixture was obtained with an optimum asphalt content of 4.45%

scholarly journals The Influence of the Characteristics of Plastic Materials Used in the Performance of the Thoraco-Lumbar Orthoses

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constantin Nanu ◽  
Ion Poeata ◽  
Cezar Popescu ◽  
Lucian Eva ◽  
Bogdan Florin Toma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Material ◽  
Burst Fracture ◽  
Rigid Plastic ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Plastic Materials ◽  
Plastic Type ◽  
Lumbar Area ◽  
Bone Fragments ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
State Of Tension

The aim of the paper is to identify the of optimal plastic type used in obtaining thoraco-lumbar orthoses - used in the treatments of comminutive fracture, of burst fracture type of the vertebrae in the lumbar area. For this purpose, with the help of Finite Element Analysis (FEA), a theoretical study was carried out on the influence of elastic properties of plastics, used in the achieving of lumbar orthoses, on the state of tension and on the local displacements of the bone fragments from the traumatized area under the condition of the movement from the base of extension and flexion. In the study the force of flexion, the force of extension and the elastic modulus of plastic material varied on three levels. The theoretical results obtained were completed with clinical trials carried out on a total of 26 patients who suffer thoraco-lumbar comminutive fracture, burst fractures type, at vertebra T11 and were immobilized in Boston-type plastic orthoses made of: polypropylene (PP), rigid vinyl polychloride (PVC-D) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). As a result of observations, it was found that the use of an orthesis made from rigid plastic material, although it appears higher stresses in the traumatized zone, the displacements of bone fragments are smaller, the pains is higher in the fractured zone, the angle of kyphosis (LKA) close to the normal value and a better mobility of the spine (ODI indicator).

scholarly journals Determining the Strength Properties of Concrete using Plastic Waste (Synthetic Polymers & Thermoplastic Polymer Resigns)

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1314-1316
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Material ◽  
Synthetic Polymers ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Thermoplastic Polymer ◽  
Huge Amount ◽  
Waste Plastic ◽  
Pet Bottles ◽  
Plastic Materials ◽  
The World

The outline of this research paper is the usage of waste plastic materials in concrete mixes. Due to modernization with rapidly growing industries, urbanization all over the world has produces large amount of plastic waste. This produces enormous measure of plastic waste because of convey sacks which are utilized for pressing, conveying vegetables and pet jugs which are utilized for drinking reason, those makes a noteworthy ecological issues in light of the fact that, the plastic material will take billions of years to decay totally. The huge amount of plastic transfer waste may cause land contamination and water body gets defiled. The plastic waste is non degradable which is used in concrete to study the behavior of concrete with various percentages (0.0%, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, 1.0%) of synthetic polymers (carry bags) and thermoplastic polymer resign (pet bottles). The concrete strengths are Compressive strength & Split tensile strengths of various concrete specimens were tested

Material Value Conservation: Development of Design Criteria for Rigid Plastic Packaging

2018 ◽  
Vol 936 ◽  
pp. 110-115
Author(s):  
Djoko Sihono Gabriel ◽  
Muhammad Habiburrahman ◽  
Palito J. Endthen
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Design Criteria ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Rigid Plastic ◽  
Plastic Packaging ◽  
Packaging Design ◽  
Recycling Industry ◽  
Plastic Recycling ◽  
Printing Ink

Inappropriate plastic packaging design with excessive use of color and printing ink affected to the high cost of sorting, separation and cleaning, and low acceptance level of plastic waste for secondary recycling. This research proposed design for material value conservation which elaborated with a set of design criteria for rigid plastic packaging production as key solution in avoiding value degradation of the plastic waste. The existing design criteria of products have various approach which affected on how to manage abundant plastic waste with no or very low value of materials that has been generated by daily consumption of plastic packaging. Otherwise, the proposed design criteria conserve the material value systematically which make the post use materials of plastic packaging more financially feasible as raw materials in plastic recycling industry. Widespread implementation of the new design criteria in industry will generate broader impact and more benefits in economic, social and environment, especially for countries or regions with high density of people and high consumption rate of conserved products.

MECHANICAL RECYCLING OF WASTE PLASTICS: ACHIEVEMENTS AND CHALLENGES

10.6036/10251 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 338-339
Author(s):  
JUAN LOPEZ MARTINEZ
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Waste Plastics ◽  
Mechanical Recycling ◽  
Plastic Materials ◽  
The Impact

Nowadays, the use of plastic materials is being questioned by society due to the impact of their waste on the environment. The accumulated generation of plastic waste in the period 1950-2015 is estimated to be 381 billion tons.

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