Synthesis of Polylactic Acid/Cellulose Composite Extracted from Pineapple Leaves

2021 ◽  
Vol 891 ◽  
pp. 131-136
Author(s):  
Kanokporn Pornbencha ◽  
Tanabadee Boonmalert ◽  
Anusorn Seubsai ◽  
Peerapan Dittanet
Keyword(s):  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Effective Removal ◽  
Reinforcing Agent ◽  
Strong Adhesion ◽  
Surface Modified ◽  
Pineapple Leaves

In this work, cellulose was extracted from pineapple leaves by basic hydrolysis and surface-modified by silane coupling agent (Si-69) for use as reinforcing agent in polylactic acid (PLA). The pineapple leaves were subjected to alkali and bleaching treatments to remove hemicellulose and lignin. The corresponding FTIR spectra reveals intensity peaks at 1727 cm-1 assigned to C=O stretching in hemicellulose, 1614 cm-1 and 1539 cm-1 from C=C stretching of lignin and 1241 cm-1 attributed to C-O stretching of lignin, all of which decreased following the chemical treatments to confirm the effective removal of hemicellulose and lignin. These results were consistent with fiber composition analysis where hemicellulose and lignin both favorably decreased from approximately 20% to 5.46% and 0.47%, respectively, after chemical treatments. However, cellulose content unfortunately also decreased with bleaching cycles despite improving the cellulose yield. The cellulose was effectively surface-modified by 5 wt% and 10 wt% of Si-69 as confirmed with C-O-Si stretching at 1240 cm-1 from FTIR. As a reinforcing filler to improve PLA performance, cellulose treated by Si-69 were infused into PLA matrix to obtain composite films by solvent casting. As expected, PLA modified with surface-modified cellulose showed the highest value of tensile strength of 21.75 Mpa among the reinforced filler samples and pure PLA, due to a strong adhesion at the interphase of PLA matrix and cellulose.

scholarly journals Polylactic Acid Cellulose Nanocomposite Films Comprised of Wood and Tunicate CNCs Modified with Tannic Acid and Octadecylamine

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 3661
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Dunlop ◽  
Ronald Sabo ◽  
Rabin Bissessur ◽  
Bishnu Acharya
Keyword(s):  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Tannic Acid ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
Water Vapor Permeability ◽  
Nanocomposite Films ◽  
Vapor Permeability ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Extruded Films ◽  
Enhanced Biodegradation ◽  
Surface Modified

Herein, a one-pot strategy was used to prepare hydrophobic cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) surface-modified with tannic acid and octadecylamine. By this strategy, CNCs derived from wood (W-CNC) and tunicates (T-CNC) were modified in situ and incorporated into a polylactic acid (PLA) matrix using two methods, without first drying the CNCs. Films of PLA-CNC nanocomposites were prepared both by solution casting and by wet compounding in a thermo-kinetic mixer, followed by melt extrusion. Various properties of these PLA nanocomposites were evaluated herein, along with an assessment of how these properties vary with the type of CNC reinforcement. Cast films with a hybrid mixture of wood and tunicate CNCs displayed improved mechanical properties compared to either wood or tunicate CNCs, but extruded films did not show this hybrid effect. The water vapor permeability of the extruded nanocomposite films with 1% CNCs was reduced by as much as 60% compared to the PLA films. The composite films also showed enhanced biodegradation compared to neat PLA films. These results demonstrate that wet compounded PLA composites produced with wood or tunicate CNCs modified using a one-pot, water-based route have improved barrier and biodegradation properties, indicating a potential for packaging applications without having to dry the CNCs.

Properties of Surface Modified 45S5/PDLLA Composite Films Treated with Boiling Water

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 354-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan-Ling ZHOU ◽  
Yuan GAO ◽  
Xi-Qin LU ◽  
Jiang CHANG
Keyword(s):  
Composite Films ◽  
Boiling Water ◽  
Surface Modified

scholarly journals Boosting Performance of Self-Polarized Fully Printed Piezoelectric Nanogenerators via Modulated Strength of Hydrogen Bonding Interactions

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1908
Author(s):  
Hai Li ◽  
Sooman Lim
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bonding ◽  
Composite Film ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
Β Phase ◽  
Hydrogen Bonding Interactions ◽  
Barium Titanate Nanoparticles ◽  
Surface Modified ◽  
Piezoelectric Devices ◽  
Piezoelectric Nanogenerators

Self-polarized piezoelectric devices have attracted significant interest owing to their fabrication processes with low energy consumption. Herein, novel poling-free piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) based on self-polarized polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) induced by the incorporation of different surface-modified barium titanate nanoparticles (BTO NPs) were prepared via a fully printing process. To reveal the effect of intermolecular interactions between PVDF and NP surface groups, BTO NPs were modified with hydrophilic polydopamine (PDA) and hydrophobic 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane (PFDTES) to yield PDA-BTO and PFD-BTO, respectively. This study demonstrates that the stronger hydrogen bonding interactions existed in PFD-BTO/PVDF composite film comparative to the PDA-BTO/PVDF composite film induced the higher β-phase formation (90%), which was evidenced by the XRD, FTIR and DSC results, as well as led to a better dispersion of NPs and improved mechanical properties of composite films. Consequently, PFD-BTO/PVDF-based PENGs without electric poling exhibited a significantly improved output voltage of 5.9 V and power density of 102 μW cm−3, which was 1.8 and 2.9 times higher than that of PDA-BTO/PVDF-based PENGs, respectively. This study provides a promising approach for advancing the search for high-performance, self-polarized PENGs in next-generation electric and electronic industries.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Active Bioplastics Using Triangular Silver Nanoplate Integrated Polycaprolactone and Polylactic Acid Films

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1132
Author(s):  
Eduardo Lanzagorta Garcia ◽  
Olivia A. Attallah ◽  
Marija Mojicevic ◽  
Declan M Devine ◽  
Margaret Brennan Fournet
Keyword(s):  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Solvent Casting ◽  
Local Surface Plasmon Resonance ◽  
Casting Technique ◽  
Triangular Silver Nanoplates

An innovative antimicrobial technology for plastic surfaces is presented. We report the synthesis and scale-up of triangular silver nanoplates (TSNPs) and their integration into polycaprolactone (PCL) and polylactic acid (PLA) polymers through a solvent-casting technique. The TSNPs have a high geometric aspect ratio and strong local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) response, which provides an effective tool for monitoring their integrity during processing and integration with the biodegradable plastics. An aqueous-based seed-mediated chemical method was used to synthesize the TSNPs, and characterisation was carried out using TEM and UV (Ultraviolet)-VIS (Visible) spectroscopy to measure LSPR profiles. The UV-VIS spectra of silver seeds and TSNPs exhibited characteristic peaks at 395 and 600 nm respectively. Synthesized TSNPs were coated with thiol-terminated polyethylene glycol (SH-PEG) and transferred into chloroform in order to effect compatibility with PCL and PLA. TSNP/PCL and TSNP/PLA composite films were prepared by solvent casting. The morphological structure, thermal, mechanical, and antimicrobial properties of the TSNP-incorporated composite films were evaluated. Results showed the TSNP-treated films had a rougher surface than the bare films. Insignificant changes in the thermal properties of TSNP-treated films compared to bare ones were also observed, which indicated the thermal stability of the composite films. The tensile strength and antimicrobial properties of the composite films were increased after TSNP incorporation. TSNP/PCL and TSNP/PLA films exhibited improved antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus with antimicrobial effect (AE) values ranging between 0.10 and 0.35. The obtained results and demonstrated TSNP production scalability validate the TSNP treated PCL and PLA films as a composite material with desirable antimicrobial effect for wide-ranging surface applications.

scholarly journals Two β-glucuronosyltransferases involved in the biosynthesis of type II arabinogalactans function in mucilage polysaccharide matrix organization in Arabidopsis thaliana

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oyeyemi O. Ajayi ◽  
Michael A. Held ◽  
Allan M. Showalter
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Glucuronic Acid ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Crystalline Cellulose ◽  
Sugar Residue ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Type Ii

Abstract Background Arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs) are heavily glycosylated with type II arabinogalactan (AG) polysaccharides attached to hydroxyproline residues in their protein backbone. Type II AGs are necessary for plant growth and critically important for the establishment of normal cellular functions. Despite the importance of type II AGs in plant development, our understanding of the underlying role of these glycans/sugar residues in mucilage formation and seed coat epidermal cell development is poorly understood and far from complete. One such sugar residue is the glucuronic acid residues of AGPs that are transferred onto AGP glycans by the action of β-glucuronosyltransferase genes/enzymes. Results Here, we have characterized two β-glucuronosyltransferase genes, GLCAT14A and GLCAT14C, that are involved in the transfer of β-glucuronic acid (GlcA) to type II AGs. Using a reverse genetics approach, we observed that glcat14a-1 mutants displayed subtle alterations in mucilage pectin homogalacturonan (HG) compared to wild type (WT), while glcat14a-1glcat14c-1 mutants displayed much more severe mucilage phenotypes, including loss of adherent mucilage and significant alterations in cellulose ray formation and seed coat morphology. Monosaccharide composition analysis showed significant alterations in the sugar amounts of glcat14a-1glcat14c-1 mutants relative to WT in the adherent and non-adherent seed mucilage. Also, a reduction in total mucilage content was observed in glcat14a-1glcat14c-1 mutants relative to WT. In addition, glcat14a-1glcat14c-1 mutants showed defects in pectin formation, calcium content and the degree of pectin methyl-esterification (DM) as well as reductions in crystalline cellulose content and seed size. Conclusions These results raise important questions regarding cell wall polymer interactions and organization during mucilage formation. We propose that the enzymatic activities of GLCAT14A and GLCAT14C play partially redundant roles and are required for the organization of the mucilage matrix and seed size in Arabidopsis thaliana. This work brings us a step closer towards identifying potential gene targets for engineering plant cell walls for industrial applications.

Enhanced functional properties of biodegradable Polyvinyl alcohol /carboxymethyl cellulose (PVA/CMC) composite films reinforced with L-alanine surface modified CuO nanorods

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yamanappagouda Amaregouda ◽  
Kantharaju Kamanna ◽  
Tilak Gasti ◽  
Vijay Kumbar
Keyword(s):  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Carboxymethyl Cellulose ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
Nanocomposite Films ◽  
Soil Burial ◽  
High Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Active Food Packaging ◽  
Surface Modified ◽  
Cuo Nanorods

Abstract Herein, we described novel biogenic preparation of the CuO nanorods and its surface modification with L-alanine amino acid accelerated by microwave irradiation. The effect of surface functionalized CuO nanorods on the polyvinyl alcohol/carboxymethyl cellulose film physico-mechanical properties were investigated through various characterization techniques. The tensile strength was improved from 28.58 ± 0.73 MPa to 43.40 ± 0.93 MPa, UV shielding ability and barrier to the water vapors were highly enhanced when PVA/CMC matrices filled with 8 wt% of CuO-L-alanine. In addition, the prepared films exhibited acceptable overall migration limit and readily undergoes soil burial degradation. Nevertheless, CuO-L-alanine incorporated films showed potent antioxidant activity against DPPH radicals and had high antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, and antifungal activity against Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis. Furthermore, the nanocomposite films showed negligible cytotoxic effect on HEK293 and Caco-2 cell lines. In these contexts, the developed nanocomposite films can be implementing as an active food packaging material.

Effect of Cellulose Functionalization on Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Resin

2017 ◽  
Vol 757 ◽  
pp. 62-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kritsanachai Leelachai ◽  
Supissara Ruksanak ◽  
Tarakol Hongkeab ◽  
Supakeat Kambutong ◽  
Raymond A. Pearson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Diglycidyl Ether ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Thermal And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Chemical Surface ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Fiber Bridging ◽  
Surface Modified ◽  
Modified Epoxy

In this study, diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) cured cycloaliphatic polyamine was modified with functionalized celluloses for improved thermal and mechanical properties. Three different types of surface-modified cellulose, polyacrylamide-g-cellulose (PGC), aminopropoxysilane-g-cellulose (SGC), and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), were investigated and used as reinforcing agents in epoxy resins. The storage modulus of these modified epoxy systems was found to significantly increase with addition of cellulose fillers (up to 1 wt. % cellulose content). An improved fracture toughness (KIC) was also observed with increasing cellulose loading content with PGC and SGC. Among the surface-modified celluloses, epoxy modified with SGC was found to have the highest fracture toughness followed by PGC and CMC at 1.0 wt.% cellulose addition due to the chemical surface compatibility. The toughening mechanisms of the cellulose/epoxy composites, measured by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), revealed that fiber-debonding, fiber-bridging, and fiber-pull out were responsible for increased toughness.

scholarly journals Tensile Characterization of Pre-harvest Treated Pineapple Leaf Fibre

2020 ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
H. Uguru ◽  
G. E. Obah
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Test ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Tensile Elongation ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Field Practice ◽  
Pineapple Leaves ◽  
Treatment Concentration

This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of field practice on the tensile properties of pineapple leaf fibre (PAFL). The pineapple leaves were treated in the field with calcium nitrate (Ca(NO3)2) at four concentrations (0 mg/l, 100 mg/l, 200 mg/l and 300 mg/l). All the treatments were applied through foliar application, twice monthly, for duration of five months. The pineapple leaves were harvested after five months of the treatment application, and their fibre extracted through the retting method. In addition, the cellulose content of the PALF was determined according to approved method. The extracted fibre was subjected to tensile test, using ASTM International approved methods. Results obtained from the tensile test revealed that the pre-harvested treatment had significant (p ≤0.5) effect on the tensile properties of the PALF. The tensile strength increased from 583.67 MPa to 880.83 MPa; while the Young’s modulus increased from 23.77 GPa to 28.23 GPa, as the treatment concentration increased from 0 mg/l to 300 mg/l. Likewise, the tensile elongation decreased from 3.13 mm to 1.83 mm, as the treatment concentration increased from 0 mg/l to 300 mg/l. In terms of the cellulose content, the study revealed that the cellulose content of the fibre increased significantly (p ≤0.05) with increased in the treatment concentration. At the concentration of 0 mg/l, the PAFL had cellulose content of 63.6%, which increased linearly to 77% at the concentration of 300 mg/l. From these results, it can be seen that field practice greatly increased the potential of PALF in composites production and other industrial applications.

Effective Removal of Asphaltene Deposition in Metal-Capillary Tubes

SPE Journal ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (05) ◽  
pp. 1747-1754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara M. Hashmi ◽  
Abbas Firoozabadi
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acid ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Asphaltene Precipitation ◽  
Aromatic Solvent ◽  
Benzene Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Effective Removal ◽  
Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Asphaltene Deposition ◽  
Petroleum Fluid

Summary We describe asphaltene deposition and removal processes in metal capillaries. We induce asphaltene precipitation by adding an asphaltene precipitant, heptane, to a petroleum fluid. The mixture is then injected through a laboratory-scale capillary and allowed to deposit. We assess the reversal of the deposition by means of the use of two separate chemical treatments: (1) a strong organic acid surfactant and (2) an aromatic solvent. The strong organic acid surfactant, dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid (DBSA), was shown to completely dissolve asphaltenes by means of acid-base chemistry reactions at heteroatomic sites on the asphaltene molecules. We investigate the use of DBSA as an efficient removal agent, injecting it in a mixture of petroleum fluid after the deposit was already formed. An aromatic solvent, toluene, is also investigated in such a fashion to assess its ability in removing deposited asphaltenes. We find that DBSA can effectively remove asphaltene deposits within one pore-volume (PV) of injection and at concentrations roughly ten times less than that required by an aromatic solvent such as toluene. To the best of our knowledge, our current study is the first laboratory-scale investigation with surfactant chemicals to reverse asphaltene deposition in capillaries.

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